HUMAN RIGHTS

Listening and Speaking
Listening and Speaking

Polite Language: Telephone Etiquette

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify polite words and phrases in telephone conversations.
- Use polite expressions in telephone conversations.
- Acknowledge the importance of telephone etiquette.

The learner is guided to:
- Listen and identify words and phrases that indicate polite language in a telephone conversation from a digital device.
- Role-play a telephone dialogue on human rights using polite language.
- Match polite telephone conversation expressions with appropriate responses from the cards provided.
- Discuss how to take a message and leave a message during a telephone conversation.

How do we ensure politeness in a telephone conversation?

Moran Skills in English pg. 1
Dictionary
Digital devices
Lesson notes
Moran Skills in English pg. 2
Class rules
Digital devices

Observation Oral questions Role play Peer assessment

Reading

Extensive Reading: Independent Reading

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify print and non-print texts that are interesting to read.
- Select reading materials from digital or non-digital sources.
- Appreciate the importance of reading for enjoyment.

The learner is guided to:
- Identify three different texts on the subject of human rights from books, newspapers, and the internet.
- Skim through the texts to find out if they are interesting and write down the main idea in each text.
- Scan through each text and write down four unfamiliar words.
- Find the meaning of each of the unfamiliar words and construct sentences using them.

What should you consider when selecting a reading material?

Moran Skills in English pg. 3
Library
Digital devices
Online fiction and non-fiction texts
Moran Skills in English pg. 6
Reading logs
Dictionary
Library

Observation Oral questions Reading logs Assessment rubric Checklists

Grammar in Use

Word Classes: Compound Nouns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify compound nouns in a text.
- Categorize compound nouns according to their formation.
- Appreciate the importance of compound nouns in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Study the names of pictures and identify compound nouns.
- Read given texts and identify the underlined compound nouns.
- Listen to an audio recording and identify compound nouns used.
- Group words into single word, two separate words, hyphenated words (two words), and hyphenated words (three words).
- Search online or in books for more examples of compound nouns.

Why should we use compound nouns in communication?

Moran Skills in English pg. 7
Charts
Digital devices
Lesson notes
Moran Skills in English pg. 8
Word cards

Written questions Assessment rubrics Checklists Peer Assessment Oral questions

Reading

Intensive Reading: Short Stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline the sequence of events in a short story.
- Use contextual clues to infer the meanings of words.
- Appreciate the role of reading in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Study the pictures and title of the passage "The Diplomat" and predict events.
- Read the story silently.
- Outline the main events in the story in the correct sequence using a chart.
- Make short notes for each of the events included in the chart.
- Retell the story while mentioning issues on human rights.

How can you predict the outcome of a story even before you read it?

Moran Skills in English pg. 10
Short story text
Digital devices
Moran Skills in English pg. 12
Dictionary
Digital devices
Short story text

Oral questions Checklists Written questions Assessment rubrics

Writing

Writing Legibly and Neatly

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify letters according to height differentials.
- Shape letters appropriately in writing.
- Value the importance of legibility in written communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Copy a sentence in their exercise book using neat handwriting and identify difficult letters to shape.
- Write the letters of the alphabet in capital and small letters.
- Group letters according to height differentials.
- Copy texts, ensuring appropriate letter shapes.
- Write dictated sentences legibly and neatly.
- Review what they have written by filling in an assessment table.

Why should one write legibly and neatly?

Moran Skills in English pg. 13
Lined paper
Sample handwriting
Digital devices

Written exercises Dictation Peer assessment Self-assessment Observation

Writing

Writing Legibly and Neatly

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write a text legibly and neatly.
- Space letters, words and sentences correctly.
- Advocate the need for neatness in writing.

The learner is guided to:
- Copy a passage on teenagers' rights, ensuring they shape upper and lower case letters appropriately.
- Space letters, words and sentences correctly.
- Cancel incorrect words or sentences neatly.
- Read a sentence with errors in word spacing and punctuation, then rewrite it correctly.
- Plan and write a narrative composition on human rights using neat and legible handwriting.
- Review peers' written work and comment on the handwriting.

What are the qualities of good handwriting?

Moran Skills in English pg. 15
Sample texts
Lined paper
Assessment checklist

Written exercise Peer and self-assessment Dictation Narrative composition Checklists

SCIENTIFIC INNOVATIONS

Listening and Speaking

Oral Presentations: Songs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of songs.
- Use performance techniques when singing songs.
- Appreciate the role of songs in the society.

The learner is guided to:
- Watch recordings of songs from the Kenya drama and music festivals.
- Discuss the performance techniques that make the presentations appealing and make notes.
- Read the song "Our beautiful bride" individually.
- Sing the song to a tune of their choice.
- Identify features of songs in "Our beautiful bride".

How can one improve the presentation of a song to make it interesting?

Moran Skills in English pg. 16
Digital devices
Song recordings
Lesson notes

Observation Oral questions Performance assessment Peer review

Listening and Speaking

Oral Presentations: Songs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write songs on a scientific innovation.
- Present songs using appropriate performance techniques.
- Value the aesthetic aspects of songs.

The learner is guided to:
- Watch another recording of songs from the Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama and Film Festival.
- Discuss how the singers presented the songs.
- Discuss how to improve the presentation of a song.
- Write songs relating to scientific innovation and practice singing them.
- Sing and record the songs on a mobile phone or other available device.
- Watch the recordings and discuss the non-verbal aspects of the performances.

What did you find interesting in the songs?

Moran Skills in English pg. 18
Digital devices
Recording equipment
Performance space

Performance assessment Group work evaluation Creativity assessment Song composition

Reading

Intensive Reading: Simple Poems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the persona in a given poem.
- Identify instances of repetition in a given poem.
- Acknowledge the significance of poetic voice in interpretation.

The learner is guided to:
- Read the poem "Challenges are opportunities" in pairs.
- Identify and discuss the voices in the poem.
- Discuss what information in the poem indicates the voices.
- Practice singing or reciting the poem.
- Recite the poem using gestures, dance, movement, and facial expressions.
- Search for more information about persona from the Internet or books.

How is a poem different from a passage?

Moran Skills in English pg. 19
Poetry books
Digital devices
Daughter of Nature

Oral questions Checklists Written questions Assessment rubrics

Reading

Intensive Reading: Simple Poems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what the poem is about.
- Derive the deeper meaning from specific lines in the poem.
- Appreciate the role of poems in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Identify the words or phrases that are repeated in the poem "Challenges are opportunities".
- Discuss why these words and phrases are repeated.
- Explain how the message in the poem is related to people and events in real life.
- Read specific lines like "I'll swim against the wave of doubt" and explain what they mean.
- Complete a table showing surface meaning and deeper meaning of phrases from the poem.
- Compose a poem about the innovation of a digital device.

How can you say what is in the poem in your own words?

Moran Skills in English pg. 21
Poetry books
Digital devices
Charts for display

Written questions Creative writing assessment Group discussion evaluation Peer assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes: Collective Nouns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify collective nouns from a text.
- Categorize collective nouns according to people, animals or things.
- Value the use of appropriate collective nouns in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to an audio text that the teacher will play.
- List the names that refer to groups of people, animals or things in the passage.
- Search for texts that have collective nouns from the Internet or books.
- Read several texts to classmates and list the collective nouns used.
- Read the paragraph "How to innovate" and identify words that refer to groups of people, animals or items.

Why is it important to use collective nouns in communication?

Moran Skills in English pg. 22
Lesson notes
Digital devices
Teacher's Guide

Assessment rubrics Written tests Oral questions Checklists

Grammar in Use

Word Classes: Collective Nouns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use collective nouns in sentences.
- Form the plural of collective nouns.
- Acknowledge the importance of collective nouns in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Classify collective nouns in a table (people, animals, items).
- Discuss how collective nouns form their plurals.
- Provide the plural forms of collective nouns and use them in sentences.
- Write as many correct sentences as possible from a substitution table.
- Fill in blank spaces using the correct collective nouns.
- Construct sentences using singular and plural forms of collective nouns.
- Complete a crossword puzzle using collective nouns.

How do collective nouns form their plurals?

Moran Skills in English pg. 23
Teacher's Guide
Charts
Digital devices

Fill in gaps Written questions Sentence construction Checklists Assessment rubrics Oral questions

Reading

Intensive Reading: Short Story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the setting - time and place - of a short story.
- Highlight the episodes in the short story chronologically.
- Acknowledge the impact of setting on story development.

The learner is guided to:
- Read the story "Our innovation" in groups.
- Answer questions about what the story is about and what the learners invented.
- Identify words and phrases that provide information about when and where the story takes place.
- Reread the story and find other words and phrases that indicate the setting.
- Identify a phrase indicating the historical period when the story took place.

What are the features of a short story?

Moran Skills in English pg. 24
Class Readers
Digital devices
Lesson notes

Observations Peer Assessment Oral discussion Oral questions and presentations Checklists

Reading

Intensive Reading: Short Story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the culture of the people in the short story.
- Compare the setting in the short story to real-life settings.
- Appreciate the differences in culture and setting.

The learner is guided to:
- Study a text or watch a video and identify times of the day/night and places portrayed.
- Discuss which places they have seen or read about that they would like to visit.
- Discuss which times in history they would like to have lived in.
- Note words and phrases that refer to time and culture in the story.
- Compare the places in the short story to their own real-life setting.
- Discuss the culture of the people involved in the story and compare it to their own.

Which times in history would you desire to live?

Moran Skills in English pg. 27
Class readers - Short stories
Digital devices

Checklists Oral questions Oral presentation Role play Written questions

Writing

Mechanics of Writing: Punctuation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Punctuate a given text using commas, apostrophes, and capital letters correctly.
- Explain the uses of commas, apostrophes, and capital letters.
- Value the importance of correct punctuation in writing.

The learner is guided to:
- Use a dictionary to find the meaning of the following words: comma, apostrophe, and capital letter.
- Search for information about how to use a comma, an apostrophe, and capital letters in writing.
- Read a paragraph and take note of the commas, apostrophes, and capital letters and explain how they are used.
- Identify the capital letters in the passage and discuss why each is used.
- Rewrite a passage with missing punctuation marks using commas, apostrophes, and capital letters correctly.

Why should a text be well punctuated?

Moran Skills in English pg. 29
Digital devices
Reference materials
Sample texts

Written exercises Editing activities Peer assessment Punctuation quizzes Observation

Writing

Mechanics of Writing: Punctuation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use the apostrophe, comma, and capital letters appropriately in composition writing.
- Identify and use brackets correctly in writing.
- Advocate the use of correct punctuation in writing.

The learner is guided to:
- Write a short composition on scientific innovations using capital letters, commas, and apostrophes correctly.
- Assess each other's writing and discuss how the punctuation marks have been used.
- Discuss why a text should be well punctuated.
- Search for more uses of apostrophes and brackets.
- Present news during a school assembly or other functions, reading confidently and using appropriate verbal and non-verbal cues.

How does wrong punctuation affect writing?

Moran Skills in English pg. 31
Digital devices
Reference materials
Sample texts

Written exercises Sentence construction Editing tasks Peer assessment Observation

POLLUTION

Listening and Speaking

Listening Comprehension

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the main idea from a cause and effect text.
- Pinpoint specific information from a cause and effect text.
- Acknowledge the importance of listening for detail.

The learner is guided to:
- Listen carefully as the teacher reads an oral text.
- Give answers to questions about the main idea and other ideas presented in the text.
- Discuss what to look out for when listening to a text.
- Listen to the passage "Plastics" and identify the ideas presented.
- Answer oral questions based on the passage.

What should one look for when listening to a text?

Moran Skills in English pg. 32
Audio recordings
Digital devices
Lesson notes

Oral questions Assessment rubrics Checklists Written questions

Listening and Speaking

Listening Comprehension

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Infer the meanings of unfamiliar words using context clues.
- Relate cause and effect in a listening text.
- Value the role of careful listening in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Complete a table using information from the text on pollution, following key words like "therefore," "because," "as a result."
- Give the meaning of specific words as used in the listening text.
- Construct sentences using the words.
- Make a list of unfamiliar words and practice pronouncing them correctly.
- Look up the meaning of words from an online or printed dictionary.
- Discuss the benefits of listening for details.

Why should we listen keenly?

Moran Skills in English pg. 33
Dictionary
Digital devices
Resource person

Fill in gaps Oral questions Vocabulary exercises Group discussions

Reading

Intensive Reading

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Answer questions based on a given text correctly.
- Identify the key events in a passage.
- Appreciate the value of reading to gather information.

The learner is guided to:
- Look at pictures in the passage "Saving River Kabuku" and predict events.
- Read the passage silently to internalize the information.
- Retell the story in their own words.
- Tell peers what they have learned from the story.
- Read the text aloud in turns as they answer oral questions.

How can one improve the way they read?

Moran Skills in English pg. 33
Digital devices
Lesson notes
Teacher's guide

Oral questions Checklists Written questions Assessment rubrics

Reading

Intensive Reading

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Infer meanings of words in a given text correctly.
- Relate the text to real-life experiences.
- Acknowledge the importance of good reading skills in life.

The learner is guided to:
- Answer direct and inferential questions based on the passage "Saving River Kabuku."
- Retell events in the story in the order in which they occurred.
- Role-play the learners' discussion about River Kabuku.
- Tell a classmate the meaning of words based on the first picture in the passage.
- Explain the meaning of given words as used in the passage.
- Find synonyms for words in the same sentence in which they are used.

Which skills should one use in order to read effectively?

Moran Skills in English pg. 35
Dictionary
Digital devices
Reference materials

Written questions Oral presentations Role play Peer assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes: Primary Auxiliaries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify primary auxiliary verbs in a text.
- Explain the functions of primary auxiliary verbs.
- Value the role of auxiliary verbs in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Read the passage "Learning a new word."
- Study the words in bold in the first paragraph and determine their functions.
- Discuss the functions of verbs in sentences.
- Note that the verbs be, do, and have are primary auxiliary verbs that can be used both as main verbs and as helping verbs.
- Identify other primary auxiliary verbs from the text.
- Search for information on the functions of primary auxiliary verbs.

What are the functions of verbs in sentences?

Moran Skills in English pg. 37
Digital devices
Reference materials
Sample texts

Written exercises Gap-filling exercises Sentence construction Group work evaluation

Grammar in Use

Word Classes: Primary Auxiliaries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use primary auxiliary verbs in sentences correctly.
- Distinguish between auxiliary verbs used as helping verbs and main verbs.
- Appreciate the importance of primary auxiliary verbs in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Write sentences using each of the primary auxiliary verbs identified in the text.
- Copy and fill in a table by writing sentences using primary auxiliary verbs for different functions.
- Imagine being Furaha in the passage "Saving River Kabuku" and construct sentences about plans to save the river using primary auxiliary verbs.
- Fill in blank spaces in sentences using the appropriate forms of the verbs do, be, and have.
- Write a paragraph on environmental conservation using primary auxiliary verbs.

What are the different uses of primary auxiliary verbs?

Moran Skills in English pg. 39
Digital devices
Charts
Reference materials

Written exercises Sentence construction Paragraph writing Gap-filling exercises Peer assessment

Reading

Intensive Reading: Poetry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the aspects of structure in a given poem.
- Recognize recurring patterns in the poem.
- Value the aesthetic quality of poetic structure.

The learner is guided to:
- Read the poem "Hey, stop!" in groups.
- Answer questions based on the poem about the title, persona, audience, and messages.
- Study the poem and identify the number of stanzas, lines per stanza, and rhyming patterns.
- Discuss the meanings of the similes and metaphors identified.
- Search for poems from the Internet or books and identify aspects of structure.

What messages do poems convey?

Moran Skills in English pg. 40
Poetry books
Digital devices
Charts

Checklists Assessment rubrics Written questions Group presentations

Reading

Intensive Reading: Poetry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recognize the main ideas in a given poem.
- Explain the surface and deeper meaning in a poem.
- Recognize the role of poems in communicating values.

The learner is guided to:
- Reread the poem "Hey, stop!" and identify and discuss the message and main ideas.
- Relate the message of the poem to everyday life in their community or country.
- Analyze what comes to mind when reading specific stanzas.
- Explain the surface and deeper meaning of phrases like "gouged out my eyes" and "created craters."
- Recite and dramatize the poem bringing out its message through voice variation and gestures.
- Write a poem about pollution.

What emotions or feelings are conveyed by the poet?

Moran Skills in English pg. 41
Poetry books
Class noticeboard
Digital devices

Oral presentation Observation Written assessment Creative writing evaluation Peer review

Writing

Paragraphing: Sequencing of Ideas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify conjunctions used in a well-formed paragraph.
- Explain the functions of different conjunctions.
- Value the importance of conjunctions in organizing ideas.

The learner is guided to:
- Study words like first, next, then, after that, finally, and, but, because, or.
- Discuss how these words are used in storytelling.
- Read the passage "A health hazard" and identify the conjunctions used.
- Discuss the functions of the conjunctions as used in the paragraph.
- Search for conjunctions used in texts and identify their functions.

Why is it important to use conjunctions in writing?

Moran Skills in English pg. 43
Charts
Lesson notes
Teacher's Guide
Digital devices

Written questions Assessment rubrics Checklists Peer Assessment Oral questions

Writing
Listening and Speaking

Paragraphing: Sequencing of Ideas
Listening Comprehension: Selective Listening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use conjunctions to sequence and connect ideas correctly in a paragraph.
- Rearrange sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
- Appreciate the role of conjunctions in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Find paragraphs from the Internet or books in which conjunctions are used to connect ideas.
- Use conjunctions like "and," "because," "then," "later," "after that," "finally," "but," "so," and "first" to sequence ideas correctly in the text "Creating crafts."
- Use appropriate conjunctions to combine and sequence sentences.
- Rearrange sentences in the text "Where do the bottles go?" to make a logical paragraph using conjunctions.
- Write a short composition on pollution using different conjunctions to sequence ideas.

How can a good paragraph be developed?

Moran Skills in English pg. 45
Digital devices
Crossword puzzles
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 47 
Digital devices 
Audio recordings 
Teacher's Guide

Written assignments Paragraph construction Peer assessment Composition writing Editing tasks

CONSUMER ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Listening and Speaking

Listening Comprehension: Selective Listening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify specific information given in a listening text. 
- Listen and respond to texts appropriately. 
- Value listening skills in communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Answer questions based on a listening text on consumer roles and responsibilities. 
- Identify specific information such as KEBS certification and usage instructions. 
- Search from the Internet for recordings on consumer roles and responsibilities and listen to them attentively. 
- Pick out specific information from the recordings. 
- Take turns asking questions about a role-play on consumer responsibilities.

How can you ensure you capture the relevant information from a speaker?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 48 
Digital devices 
Audio recordings 
Teacher's Guide

Oral questions  Written responses  Peer assessment  Checklists

Reading

Intensive Reading

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify reading strategies for use on given texts. 
- Select main ideas and details from written texts. 
- Value reading for main ideas and details as a comprehension skill.

The learner is guided to: 
- Search online and watch appropriate video clips on selected reading strategies: reading for main ideas and reading for details. 
- Read and underline the main ideas and details in texts on consumer roles and responsibilities. 
- Review each other's work identifying main ideas and details. 
- Discuss with peers how one can practically use the selected reading strategies.

Why should one find the main idea from a text?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 49 
Digital devices 
Video clips 
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 50 
Reference materials 

Observation  Written exercises  Peer assessment  Checklists

Grammar in Use

Verbs and Tense

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify verbs in the simple present and simple past tense in a text. 
- Write sentences using the simple present tense. 
- Value appropriate use of tense in communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Read a given text and identify words that indicate activities happening at the present time. 
- Read the story "Get that blue dress" and identify verbs that refer to actions that happened in the past. 
- Study verb forms in a table showing simple present and simple past tense. 
- Discuss how simple present and simple past tense verbs are formed. 
- Search for texts about consumer roles and responsibilities and identify verbs used in simple present and past forms.

Why is correct use of tense important?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 52 
Digital devices 
Charts 
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 53 
Flashcards

Observation  Written exercises  Oral questions  Group work

Reading

Intensive Reading: Short story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify the characters in a short story. 
- Answer direct and inferential questions from a short story. 
- Appreciate the role of reading in communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Predict events by focusing on the title and illustrations in the story "Buyer, beware." 
- Read the short story silently. 
- Answer questions based on the story. 
- Name the characters in the story. 
- Identify the character they admire most in the story and explain their answer. 
- Note down the main events in the story and use these events to retell the story.

What should one look for when reading a story?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 55 
Reference books 
Digital devices 
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 56 
Character trait charts 
Lesson notes 
Digital devices

Written responses  Oral presentations  Peer assessment  Observation

Writing

Paragraphing: Connectors of sequence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify connectors of sequence from a given text. 
- Use connectors of sequence correctly in sentences. 
- Value the use of idea connectors for clarity in communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Read a passage and note the function of words in red (connectors of sequence). 
- Copy the passage without the words in red and read it again to understand the function of connectors. 
- Search for other connectors of sequence from the Internet or in textbooks. 
- List the connectors found and use them to construct sentences in groups. 
- Rewrite a paragraph using connectors of sequence and note the difference in the new paragraph.

How can a good paragraph be developed?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 59 
Charts 
Digital devices 
Reference books

Written exercises  Observation  Group work  Peer assessment

Writing
Listening and Speaking

Paragraphing: Connectors of sequence
Pronunciation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Sequence ideas in a given paragraph. 
- Write paragraphs using connectors of sequence. 
- Appreciate the use of idea connectors for clarity in communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Write paragraphs on consumer roles and responsibilities using connectors of sequence. 
- Take turns reading paragraphs aloud and discussing the use of connectors. 
- Edit paragraphs in pairs and correct any errors. 
- Sequence given ideas to create a sensible paragraph using appropriate connectors. 
- Write a paragraph about buying a school bag using connectors of sequence. 
- Explain how the use of connectors has helped to communicate clearly.

What is the importance of a well-developed paragraph?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 60 
Manila paper 
Charts 
Digital devices
Moran - Skills in English pg. 62 
Audio recordings 
Digital devices 
Lesson notes

Written compositions  Peer assessment  Observation  Presentation

RELATIONSHIPS: PEERS

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Pronunciation
Study Skills: Reference materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify words with sounds /θ/ and /ð/ in a given text. 
- Apply emphatic stress correctly in varied contexts. 
- Value correct pronunciation and stress in communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Listen to a recording of words with sounds /θ/ as in thin and /ð/ as in there. 
- Note the differences in the pronunciation of the th sounds. 
- Read the passage "I bought a cot" aloud and list words with the target sounds. 
- Practice pronouncing words with the th sounds correctly. 
- Place emphasis on different words in sentences to change meaning. 
- Read the poem "I will not allow myself" while placing emphasis on the underlined words. 
- Discuss how the meaning changes when emphasis is placed on different words.

Why are some words said with greater force than others?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 64 
Audio recordings 
Digital devices 
Text with marked stress 
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 66 
Dictionary 
Thesaurus 
Encyclopedia 
Reference books

Oral practice  Peer assessment  Pronunciation drills  Reading aloud

Reading
Grammar in Use

Study Skills: Reference materials
Word Classes: Adjectives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Use reference materials to obtain information on varied subjects. 
- Find the spelling, pronunciation, and meaning of words using a dictionary. 
- Acknowledge the role of reference materials in lifelong learning.

The learner is guided to: 
- Use selected reference materials to find specific information about peer relationships. 
- Find the spelling, pronunciation, and meaning of selected words. 
- Find synonyms of words using a thesaurus. 
- Use an encyclopedia to search for more information about peer relationships. 
- Construct sentences using the words found in reference materials. 
- Create crossword puzzles using the antonyms and synonyms learned.

How can one use reference materials appropriately?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 67 
Dictionary 
Thesaurus 
Encyclopedia 
Digital devices 
Reference books
Moran - Skills in English pg. 69 
Charts 
Lesson notes 
Teacher's Guide

Crossword puzzles  Written exercises  Group presentations  Observation

Grammar in Use
Reading

Word Classes: Adjectives
Intensive Reading: Short story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Use gradable adjectives correctly in sentences. 
- Apply non-gradable adjectives appropriately in communication. 
- Value the need for correct use of adjectives in communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Search for gradable and non-gradable adjectives in the poem "Best friend in the world." 
- Rehearse and recite the poem in turns. 
- Search online and in books for texts about peer relationships and identify gradable and non-gradable adjectives. 
- Complete a table with more adjectives and use them to form sentences. 
- Construct sentences about activities they enjoy doing with peers using gradable and non-gradable adjectives. 
- Fill in a crossword puzzle with gradable and non-gradable adjectives based on given clues.

How do gradable and non-gradable adjectives differ?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 70 
Charts 
Digital devices 
Crossword puzzles 
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 71 
Reference books 
Lesson notes 
Teacher's Guide

Sentence construction  Written exercises  Crossword puzzles  Peer assessment

Reading
Writing

Intensive Reading: Short story
Functional Writing: Apology Letters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Role-play dialogue from a short story. 
- Relate the importance of dialogue and repetition to real life. 
- Acknowledge the role of dialogue and repetition in fiction writing.

The learner is guided to: 
- Talk about how they relate with their peers. 
- Discuss how their peer relationships are similar or different to those in the short story "A memorable adventure." 
- Write a short paragraph about peer relationships using dialogue and repetition appropriately. 
- Search online and offline for role-plays in which characters talk to each other and repeat certain lines or sentences. 
- Find information on the importance of repetition and dialogue in a short story and explain findings to classmates. 
- Role-play any incidence of dialogue in the short story.

How do dialogue and repetition enhance a story?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 73 
Digital devices 
Role-play scripts 
Reference books 
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 74 
Sample letters 
Audio recordings 

Role play  Written paragraphs  Oral presentations  Peer assessment

Writing

Functional Writing: Apology Letters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Plan what to include in an apology letter. 
- Write a letter of apology based on a given context. 
- Appreciate the role of letter writing in communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Imagine they have done something wrong in school and need to apologize in writing. 
- Plan what to include in their apology letter. 
- Write a letter of apology to the school principal or class teacher. 
- Evaluate each other's letters using a provided assessment guide. 
- Rewrite their apology letters based on peer feedback. 
- Discuss situations that may require writing letters of apology. 
- Select examples and talk about possible consequences if a letter of apology is not written. 
- Discuss the role of apology letters in communication.

How can an apology letter resolve a conflict?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 75 
Sample letters 
Digital devices 
Assessment guide 
Lesson notes

Written letters  Peer assessment  Self-assessment  Group discussions

REHABILITATION

Listening and Speaking
Listening and Speaking

Conversational Skills: Disagreeing Politely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- List ways of disagreeing politely. 
- Use conversational strategies to disagree appropriately. 
- Value the need to speak politely during communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Study pictures depicting people in conversation and discuss what might be happening. 
- Role-play the events in the pictures. 
- Identify words and phrases used to show politeness in their role-play. 
- Watch a short video in which speakers disagree politely. 
- Identify polite expressions used in the video. 
- Role-play the events in the video in pairs. 
- Read the conversation "Too much of something" and identify polite expressions used.

Which words or phrases are used to show politeness?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 78 
Digital devices 
Video recordings 
Pictures 
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 79 
Dialogue scripts 

Role play  Observation  Oral presentation  Group discussions

Reading

Reading Fluency: Poem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify techniques of reading fast. 
- Preview a text to understand its main idea. 
- Value the importance of previewing in reading.

The learner is guided to: 
- Explain to a classmate how to read a text quickly. 
- Preview the text "Achieving fluency in reading" by reading the title, studying the picture, and skimming through to find the main idea. 
- Scan through the text to find new words. 
- Based on the previewing activity, predict what the text is about. 
- Read the text "Achieving fluency in reading." 
- Discuss why readers should read at the right speed. 
- Identify ways of reading fast.

Why should we display appropriate expressions when reading a text?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 80 
Reference books 
Digital devices 
Lesson notes 
Dictionary
Moran - Skills in English pg. 82 
Poem texts 
Dictionary 
Lesson notes

Observation  Oral reading  Question and answer  Peer assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes: Adverbs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify adverbs of frequency and degree correctly from a text. 
- Distinguish between adverbs of frequency and degree. 
- Value the importance of using adverbs correctly in communication.

The learner is guided to: 
- Read the passage "Absolutely convinced" and identify the words used to describe how often the class debate is held. 
- Identify words used to describe how harmful cigarette smoking is. 
- List the adverbs of frequency and degree used in the text. 
- Watch a video and pick out adverbs of frequency and degree used by different speakers. 
- Search online or in printed reference books for examples of adverbs of frequency and degree. 
- Use the adverbs to construct sentences in groups.

Why should one use adverbs correctly?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 84 
Digital devices 
Video recordings 
Reference books 
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 85 
Crossword puzzles 
Charts 
Reference books

Written exercises  Observation  Group work  Oral questions

Reading

Intensive Reading: Short story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify the main idea in the short story. 
- Answer questions based on the short story. 
- Value the importance of literature in addressing social issues.

The learner is guided to: 
- Take turns to retell a short story they recently read. 
- Discuss why people read short stories. 
- Read the short story "I think it is time." 
- Answer questions based on the passage. 
- Discuss what they could have done if they were the following people in the short story: Caren, Caren's father, or Uncle Ken. 
- Identify the main idea in the story. 
- Write a summary of the main idea in the story.

How can one identify problems that need intervention?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 87 
Reference books 
Digital devices 
Lesson notes 
Teacher's Guide
Moran - Skills in English pg. 88 
Graphic organizers 
Reference books

Written responses  Oral discussions  Observation  Peer assessment

Writing

Mechanics of Writing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify commonly misspelt words in a text. 
- Spell words with silent vowels (-ie and -ei) correctly. 
- Value the importance of correct spelling in writing.

The learner is guided to: 
- Read the passage "Suffer no more" and pick out misspelt words. 
- Spell the misspelt words correctly. 
- Confirm their spellings using a dictionary. 
- Pick out words that have silent vowels from a given list. 
- Study words with the vowels i and e appearing together and the rule for their spelling (i before e, except after c). 
- Note exceptions to the rule. 
- Read words in two columns and note the differences between them. 
- Form new words by combining words with prefixes and suffixes.

Why should words be spelt correctly?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 90 
Dictionary 
Digital devices 
Word lists 
Lesson notes

Written exercises  Spelling tests  Word formation tasks  Observation

Writing
Listening and Speaking

Mechanics of Writing
Listening for Detail

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Use prefixes and suffixes correctly in writing. 
- Make connections between spelling and meaning in suffixed and prefixed words. 
- Acknowledge the importance of correct spellings in writing.

The learner is guided to: 
- Read the passage "Things will get better" about rehabilitation. 
- List words with prefixes and suffixes from the passage. 
- Use a print or online dictionary to check if the spellings of the listed words are correct. 
- Correct any errors in the words found. 
- Use the words to write sentences. 
- Use prefixes and suffixes to write a paragraph about rehabilitation. 
- Rewrite passages correctly. 
- Search for more examples of words with prefixes, suffixes, and silent vowels. 
- Create a chart showing prefixes, suffixes, and their meanings.

How can you tell the meaning of a word using a prefix?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 92 
Dictionary 
Digital devices 
Reference books 
Lesson notes
Moran - Skills in English pg. 95
Audio recording on wildlife
Digital devices
Teacher's guide

Written paragraphs  Chart creation  Spelling tests  Peer assessment

NATURAL RESOURCES: WILDLIFE

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Listening for Detail
Intensive Reading: Visuals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify specific details in a listening text on wildlife
- Respond accurately to questions based on the listening text
- Value the importance of listening for specific information

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to a passage "A happy song" read by the teacher
- Outline the main ideas in the passage
- Take turns to discuss and answer questions about the passage
- Discuss the importance of listening attentively
- Tell a classmate why it is important to listen for detail

Why is it important to listen for specific details?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 95
Audio recording
Digital devices
Teacher's guide
Passage "A happy song"
Pictures of wildlife
Reference materials
Posters
Charts

Oral questions Written responses Peer assessment Listening comprehension exercises

Reading
Grammar in Use

Intensive Reading: Visuals
Word Classes: Pronouns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make inferences of implied meaning from visuals
- Interpret visuals correctly for meaning
- Value the role of visuals in communicating information

The learner is guided to:
- Study information presented in optical illusions from print/electronic devices and discuss findings
- Make inferences of implied meaning from visuals
- Make connections between visuals and written texts
- Write a summary of what has been viewed in visuals depicting human-wildlife conflict
- Present a piece of written information on wildlife in form of a visual

How can one interpret a visual correctly?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 97
Digital devices
Visuals on wildlife
Charts
Posters
Teacher's guide
Moran - Skills in English pg. 101
Audio recording
Poem "When there is no one to help"

Visual analysis Written summaries Oral presentations Peer assessment Project work

Grammar in Use
Reading

Word Classes: Pronouns
Intensive Reading: Short story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify reflexive pronouns correctly
- Use reflexive pronouns in sentences correctly
- Show respect for correct usage of pronouns in communication

The learner is guided to:
- Study a chart displaying indefinite and reflexive pronouns
- Complete sentences using appropriate indefinite pronouns
- Construct sentences using indefinite pronouns from a substitution table
- Fill in gaps using correct reflexive pronouns
- Construct sentences using reflexive pronouns from a substitution table
- Use charts to explain differences between indefinite and reflexive pronouns

How do we use reflexive pronouns correctly?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 102
Charts on pronouns
Digital devices
Substitution tables
Teacher's guide
Moran - Skills in English pg. 104
Short story "Touring the wild"
Reference materials

Sentence construction Gap filling exercises Group discussions Peer assessment Oral questions

Reading
Writing

Intensive Reading: Short story
Composition Writing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the traits of characters in the short story
- Analyze the relationships between characters in the short story
- Appreciate the role of the characters in the short story in depicting real-life experiences

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss what each character does in the story
- Discuss how character traits are identified in a story
- Create a diagram to show relationships between characters
- Display the diagram on a chart or PowerPoint presentation
- Explain relationships between characters using the diagram
- Dramatize actions of different characters to bring out their traits

Which people would you like to meet in a story?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 106
Short story "Touring the wild"
Digital devices
Charts
PowerPoint presentation
Teacher's guide
Moran - Skills in English pg. 107
Sample dialogues
Reference materials

Character relationship diagrams Role play Oral presentations Written exercises Group discussions

Writing

Composition Writing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write a dialogue on a given topic
- Edit a dialogue for clarity, cohesion and coherence
- Value the role of the writing process in communication

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss ideas to include when writing a dialogue
- Write a rough draft of a dialogue about wildlife conservation
- Edit the dialogue to avoid repetition, correct spellings and punctuation
- Revise the dialogue by adding, rearranging, removing or replacing ideas, words, phrases and sentences
- Assess each other's dialogues using a provided checklist
- Share final work in class

Why is it important to follow the writing process?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 108
Sample dialogues
Digital devices
Assessment checklist
Reference materials

Dialogue writing Peer assessment Self-assessment Editing exercises Oral presentations

TOURISM: DOMESTIC

Listening and Speaking
Listening and Speaking

Listening and Responding: Oral Narratives - Myths

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the characters in a given myth
- Narrate the key events in a given myth
- Explain the moral lesson in a set myth
- Acknowledge the role of oral literature in lifelong learning

The learner is guided to:
- Predict events in a myth from the title or pictures in the story
- Listen to a narration of a myth from the community then retell the myth to peers
- Watch a video recording of a myth
- Identify the characters in the myth
- Collaborate to answer questions from the story
- Discuss the lessons learnt from a myth
- Discuss the relevance of the story to real life

How can you tell what is going to happen in a story? How are the characters or events in the story related to the people or happenings around us?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 111
Audio recordings
Digital devices
Video recordings
Myth "How Wechakhulia Hill was formed"
Moran - Skills in English pg. 112
Teacher's guide

Oral presentations Retelling of myths Question and answer Group discussions Role play

Reading

Intensive Reading: Poem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select required information from a text
- Use nonverbal cues to bring out the message in a poem
- Appreciate the importance of comprehension in life

The learner is guided to:
- Read the poem "Local tourists"
- Identify characters, themes and aspects of style such as repetition from the poem
- Infer the meaning of words from the context
- Rap/recite the poem in turns using relevant non-verbal cues
- Answer direct and inferential questions based on the poem
- Retell events depicted in the poem in own words

How can one tell the meaning of unfamiliar words used in a text? Why should one support an opinion about a story or person with evidence?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 112
Poem "Local tourists"
Digital devices
Reference materials
Charts
Teacher's guide
Moran - Skills in English pg. 115
Dictionary
Visual aids

Poem recitation Written exercises Oral presentations Peer assessment Group discussions

Grammar in Use

Word Classes: Simple prepositions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify prepositions of position, time and place correctly
- Use prepositions of position correctly in sentences
- Appreciate the role of prepositions of position in communication

The learner is guided to:
- Study pictures showing different positions of objects
- Answer questions about the position of objects in the pictures
- Identify the words used to provide information about time, position and place
- Identify prepositions in the paragraph "A week of touring"
- Find a text and identify prepositions of position, place and time

How do we show where somebody or something is?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 116
Pictures showing positions
Digital devices
Charts
Reference materials
Teacher's guide
Moran - Skills in English pg. 117
Newspapers
Magazines
Crossword puzzles

Gap filling exercises Sentence construction Oral questions Written exercises Group discussions

Reading

Intensive Reading: Poetry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify inanimate characters in a given poem
- Describe traits of inanimate characters present in a given poem
- Value the role of inanimate characters in poetry

The learner is guided to:
- Read the poem "We won't let you!"
- Discuss what the poem is about
- Search from the Internet or books for the meaning of inanimate characters
- Present findings to classmates
- Identify inanimate characters in the poem or any other poem of choice

What makes stories interesting to read? How can the characters in a poem be described?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 118
Poem "We won't let you!"
Digital devices
Reference materials
Teacher's guide
Moran - Skills in English pg. 119
Poems "You lied to me" and "Trembling in magic"
Charts

Character analysis Oral presentations Written exercises Group discussions Recitation

Writing

Assessment of writing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify errors in an essay written by self or peers
- Suggest corrections for identified errors
- Value the importance of assessment in improving writing

The learner is guided to:
- Read the composition "The visit of my life"
- Identify errors in the composition using the guidelines in a provided table
- List the errors identified
- Rewrite the composition, correcting the errors
- Identify errors in compositions provided by the teacher
- Rewrite the compositions, correcting the errors

How does a text with errors make you feel? What are some of the common mistakes we make in our writing?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 121
Sample composition "The visit of my life"
Assessment guidelines
Digital devices
Teacher's guide

Error identification Editing exercises Peer assessment Rewriting exercises Self-assessment

Writing

Assessment of writing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Assess a composition written by self or peers and suggest corrections for errors
- Write a composition free of errors
- Appreciate the importance of feedback to improve a composition

The learner is guided to:
- Write a composition on the subject of domestic tourism
- Exchange compositions with other groups
- Read through the other group's composition and identify errors
- Suggest corrections to be made
- Assess the composition written in the previous activity
- Correct the errors identified
- Write the final draft after making necessary corrections
- Type the composition on a digital device and display it on the classroom gallery wall or noticeboard
- Conduct a gallery walk to view compositions by other groups

How can one improve their writing skills?

Moran - Skills in English pg. 122
Digital devices
Sample compositions
Assessment guidelines
Teacher's guide

Composition writing Error identification Peer assessment Self-assessment Editing exercises