Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - What is Integrated Science?
Introduction to Integrated Science - Components of Integrated Science
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance of science in daily life
Introduction to Integrated Science - Science in health, agriculture and industry
Introduction to Integrated Science - Science in food, textile, transport and careers
Introduction to Integrated Science - STEM pathway and career tracks at Senior School
Introduction to Integrated Science - Career opportunities related to science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Integrated Science as a combined study of Biology, Chemistry and Physics
- Distinguish the three components of Integrated Science using examples
- Show interest in Integrated Science as a field of study

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study a table showing how different fields of science relate to one topic and discuss the meaning of Integrated Science
- Use digital or print media to search for meanings of Biology, Chemistry and Physics
- Write short notes on the components and share for peer review

What makes Integrated Science different from studying Biology, Chemistry or Physics separately?

- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 2
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 3
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 5
- Household items for reference
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 7
- Personal journals
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 9
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 11
- Career pathway charts
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 12
- Manila paper, scissors, glue

- Oral questions - Observation - Peer assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Common laboratory hazards and their symbols
Laboratory Safety - Meanings and examples of hazard symbols
Laboratory Safety - Common accidents and their causes
Laboratory Safety - Preventing common laboratory accidents
Laboratory Safety - First Aid kit items and their uses
Laboratory Safety - First Aid procedures for burns, scalds and cuts
Laboratory Safety - First Aid for ingestion of harmful substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common laboratory hazards — fire, corrosive chemicals, toxic fumes, radioactive substances and flammable materials
- Recognise and draw the symbols used to represent each hazard
- Show awareness of the importance of recognising hazard symbols before handling chemicals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit the school laboratory wearing protective clothing and identify hazard symbols on chemical containers
- Draw at least five hazard symbols and write their meanings in exercise books
- Use a web link to search for additional information on laboratory hazard symbols and share findings

Why is it essential to recognise hazard symbols before you touch any chemical in the laboratory?

- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 17
- Hazard symbol charts
- Digital resources
- Protective clothing
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 18
- Household chemical containers
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 21
- Reference books
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 22
- Safety rule charts
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 24
- First Aid kit
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 25
- First Aid kit materials
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 27

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Safety measures in the laboratory and school environment
Laboratory Safety - Importance of laboratory safety measures
Laboratory Safety - End of sub-strand assessment
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Meaning of basic science skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Applying basic skills in a practical activity
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Apparatus for measuring volume
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Practising use and care of volume-measuring apparatus
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Apparatus for measuring mass and weight
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Apparatus for measuring temperature and length
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Heating apparatus and parts of a Bunsen burner
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Practising use and care of the Bunsen burner
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - The light microscope and its care
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Other laboratory apparatus and their uses
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Introduction to SI units and basic quantities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- List safety measures observed in the laboratory and general school environment
- Explain the importance of each safety measure in preventing accidents
- Practise safety measures consistently in school and laboratory settings

- Identify apparatus for measuring mass and weight — electronic balance, top pan balance, beam balance and spring balance
- State the use and the difference between measuring mass and measuring weight
- Show care when handling sensitive balance instruments

- Study pictures of learners in a laboratory and identify safe and unsafe practices shown
- Write a reply letter to a learner joining the laboratory for the first time advising on safety
- Take a school environment walk and observe safety measures in classrooms, kitchen, library and school bus
- Identify apparatus for measuring mass and weight from pictures and a laboratory visit
- Draw and name the apparatus used to measure mass and weight and write the use of each
- Practise using a spring balance by hanging a stone on a string and reading the weight

Why does observing safety in the laboratory also matter in the wider school environment?
What is the difference between mass and weight, and which apparatus measures each correctly?

- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 30
- Safety posters
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 33
- Safety rule charts
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 35
- Learner exercise books
- First Aid kit
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 37
- Reference books
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 39
- Filter paper, beaker, measuring cylinder, sand, water, electronic balance, funnel
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 42
- Burette, pipette, measuring cylinder, volumetric flask, graduated beaker
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 44
- Measuring cylinder, graduated beaker, burette, pipette, volumetric flask, distilled water, drying rack
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 50
- Electronic balance, spring balance, beam balance
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 53
- Thermometer, metre rule, tape measure, tripod stand, wire gauze, heat source
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 60
- Bunsen burner diagram chart
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 61
- Bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire gauze, beaker, tongs, matchsticks, distilled water
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 67
- Light microscope or model, labelled diagram chart
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 73
- Laboratory apparatus charts
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 75
- Electronic balance, stopwatch

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral questions
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Measuring basic quantities using SI units
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Derived quantities and consumer protection
Mixtures - Meaning of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
Mixtures - Categorising solid-liquid mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous
Mixtures - Categorising solid-solid and liquid-liquid mixtures
Mixtures - Categorising gas-gas mixtures and solvent, solute and solution
Mixtures - Simple distillation
Mixtures - Crystallisation
Mixtures - Sublimation
Mixtures - Solvent extraction
Mixtures - Paper chromatography
Mixtures - Evaporation
Mixtures - Fractional distillation
Mixtures - Applications of methods of separating homogeneous mixtures
Mixtures - Uses of separating methods and end of sub-strand assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure length of regular and curved surfaces using a metre rule and record in metres
- Measure temperature of ice cubes, lukewarm water and hot water using a thermometer and convert to kelvin
- Measure electric current in a simple circuit using an ammeter and record in amperes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Measure and record the length, width and height of a wooden block, carton box and textbook in metres
- Measure temperature of ice cubes, lukewarm water and hot water and convert readings to kelvin using K = °C + 273
- Connect a simple circuit with a dry cell, bulb, switch and ammeter and read and record current in amperes

How do you convert a temperature reading in degree Celsius to the correct SI unit of kelvin?

- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 79
- Metre rule, thermometer, ammeter, connecting wires, dry cell, bulb, switch
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 92
- Product packaging labels, metre rule, stopwatch
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 97
- Reference books
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 98
- Common salt, sugar, sand, flour, charcoal powder, glass beakers, glass rods, spatulas, protective clothing, distilled water
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 101
- Cement, brass object, maize, beans, sand, sulphur, iron filings, test tubes, ethanol, kerosene, distilled water, ink
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 99
- Test tubes, distilled water, cooking oil, ethanol
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 103
- Common salt, broken porcelain, distilled water, Liebig condenser, round-bottomed flask, tripod stand, wire gauze, thermometer, beaker, stand, clamp, source of heat, conical flask
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 104
- Copper (II) sulphate, tripod stand, wire gauze, distilled water, measuring cylinder, glass beakers, stirring rod, spatula, source of heat, electronic balance, evaporating dish, boiling tube, mounting needle, filter paper
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 105
- Iodine, common salt, glass beakers, spatula, tripod stand, wire gauze, source of heat, round-bottomed flask, water
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 106
- Mortar, pestle, plain paper, groundnuts, dropper, evaporating dish, propanone (acetone)
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 107
- Black ink, thin glass tube, measuring cylinder, scalpel, glass rod, chromatography paper, beakers, boiling tube, ruler
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 109
- Salt, distilled water, evaporating dish, tripod stand, wire gauze, source of heat, measuring cylinder, glass beaker, glass rod, spatula
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 111
- Fractionating column, glass beads, corks, two tripod stands, wire gauze, two clamps, Liebig condenser, measuring cylinder, round-bottomed flask, source of heat, thermometer, two conical flasks, glass beaker, broken chips, ethanol, water
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 113
- Spotlight Integrated Science pg. 115
- Learner exercise books

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written assignments