Measurements

Volume - Volume of spheres
Volume - Volume of hemispheres and applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate sphere volume to cone volume
- Derive the formula for volume of a sphere
- Calculate volumes of spheres

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Select hollow spherical object
- Model cone with same radius and height 2r
- Fill cone and transfer to sphere
- Observe that 2 cones fill the sphere
- Derive formula: V = 4/3πr³
- Calculate volumes with different radii

How do we find the volume of a sphere?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 102
- Hollow spheres
- Cone models
- Water or soil
- Calculators
- Hemisphere models
- Real objects
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Conversion of units of mass
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - More practice on mass conversions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define mass and state its SI unit
- Identify different units of mass
- Convert between different units of mass

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use balance to measure mass of objects
- Record masses in grams
- Study conversion table for mass units
- Convert between kg, g, mg, tonnes, etc.
- Apply conversions to real situations

How do we convert between different units of mass?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 111
- Weighing balances
- Various objects
- Conversion charts
- Calculators
- Conversion tables
- Real-world examples
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Relationship between mass and weight
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Calculating mass and gravity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define weight and state its SI unit
- Distinguish between mass and weight
- Calculate weight from mass using gravity

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study spring balance showing both mass and weight
- Observe relationship: 1 kg = 10 N
- Apply formula: Weight = mass × gravity
- Calculate weights of various objects
- Understand that mass is constant but weight varies

What is the difference between mass and weight?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 111
- Spring balances
- Various objects
- Charts
- Calculators
- Charts showing planetary data
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Introduction to density
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Calculating density, mass and volume

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define density
- State units of density
- Relate mass, volume and density

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Weigh empty container
- Measure volume of water using measuring cylinder
- Weigh container with water
- Calculate mass of water
- Divide mass by volume to get density
- Apply formula: Density = Mass/Volume

What is density?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 111
- Weighing balances
- Measuring cylinders
- Water
- Containers
- Calculators
- Charts with formulas
- Various solid objects
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Applications of density
Time, Distance and Speed - Working out speed in km/h and m/s

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply density to identify materials
- Determine if objects will float or sink
- Solve real-life problems using density

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Compare calculated density with known values
- Identify minerals (e.g., diamond) using density
- Determine if objects float (density < 1 g/cm³)
- Apply to quality control (milk, water)
- Solve problems involving balloons, anchors

How is density used in real life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 111
- Density tables
- Calculators
- Real-world scenarios
- Reference materials
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Stopwatches
- Tape measures
- Open field
- Conversion charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Calculating distance and time from speed
Time, Distance and Speed - Working out average speed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Rearrange speed formula to find distance
- Rearrange speed formula to find time
- Solve problems involving speed, distance and time
- Apply to real-life situations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Apply formula: Distance = Speed × Time
- Apply formula: Time = Distance/Speed
- Solve problems with different units
- Apply to journeys, races, train travel
- Work with Madaraka Express train problems
- Calculate distances covered at given speeds
- Calculate time taken for journeys

How do we calculate distance and time from speed?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Calculators
- Formula charts
- Real-world examples
- Reference materials
- Field with marked points
- Stopwatches
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Determining velocity
Time, Distance and Speed - Working out acceleration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define velocity
- Distinguish between speed and velocity
- Calculate velocity with direction
- Appreciate the importance of direction in velocity

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Define velocity as speed in a given direction
- Identify that velocity includes direction
- Calculate velocity for objects moving in straight lines
- Understand that velocity can be positive or negative
- Understand that same speed in opposite directions means different velocities
- Apply to real situations involving directional movement

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Diagrams showing direction
- Calculators
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Field for activity
- Stopwatches
- Measuring tools
- Formula charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Deceleration and applications
Time, Distance and Speed - Identifying longitudes on the globe

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define deceleration (retardation)
- Calculate deceleration
- Distinguish between acceleration and deceleration
- Solve problems involving both acceleration and deceleration
- Appreciate safety implications

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Define deceleration as negative acceleration
- Calculate when final velocity is less than initial velocity
- Apply to vehicles slowing down, braking
- Apply to matatus crossing speed bumps
- Understand safety implications of deceleration
- Calculate final velocity given acceleration and time
- Solve problems on cars, buses, gazelles
- Discuss importance of controlled deceleration for safety

What is deceleration and why is it important for safety?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Calculators
- Road safety materials
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Globes
- Atlases
- World maps

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Relating longitudes to time
Time, Distance and Speed - Calculating time differences between places

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain relationship between longitudes and time
- State that Earth rotates 360° in 24 hours
- Calculate that 1° = 4 minutes
- Understand time zones and GMT

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Understand Earth rotates 360° in 24 hours
- Calculate: 360° = 24 hours = 1440 minutes
- Therefore: 1° = 4 minutes
- Identify time zones on world map
- Understand GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)
- Learn that places East of Greenwich are ahead in time
- Learn that places West of Greenwich are behind in time
- Use digital devices to check time zones

How are longitudes related to time?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Globes
- Time zone maps
- Calculators
- Digital devices
- Atlases
- Time zone charts
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Determining local time of places along different longitudes
Money - Identifying currencies of different countries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate local time when given GMT or another place's time
- Add or subtract time differences appropriately
- Account for date changes
- Solve complex time zone problems
- Apply knowledge to real-life situations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate time difference from longitude difference
- Add time if place is East of reference point (ahead)
- Subtract time if place is West of reference point (behind)
- Account for date changes when crossing midnight
- Solve problems with GMT as reference
- Solve problems with other places as reference
- Apply to phone calls, soccer matches, travel planning
- Work backwards to find longitude from time difference
- Determine whether places are East or West from time relationships

How do we find local time at different longitudes?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- World maps
- Calculators
- Time zone references
- Atlases
- Real-world scenarios
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 131
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures of currencies
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Problem-solving tasks

Measurements

Money - Converting foreign currency to Kenyan shillings
Money - Converting Kenyan shillings to foreign currency and buying/selling rates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define exchange rate
- Read and interpret exchange rate tables
- Convert foreign currencies to Kenyan shillings
- Apply exchange rates accurately

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss dialogue about using foreign currency in Kenya
- Understand that each country has its own currency
- Learn about exchange rates and their purpose
- Study currency conversion tables (Table 3.5.1)
- Convert US dollars, Euros, and other currencies to Ksh
- Use formula: Ksh amount = Foreign amount × Exchange rate
- Solve practical problems involving conversion

How do we convert foreign currency to Kenya shillings?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 131
- Currency conversion tables
- Calculators
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Exchange rate tables
- Real-world scenarios
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Money - Export duty on goods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define export and export duty
- Explain the purpose of export duty
- Calculate product cost and export duty
- Solve problems on exported goods

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss goods Kenya exports to other countries
- Understand how Kenya benefits from exports
- Define product cost and its components
- Apply formula: Product cost = Unit cost × Quantity
- Apply formula: Export duty = Tax rate × Product cost
- Calculate export duty on flowers, tea, coffee, cement
- Discuss importance of increasing exports

What is export duty and why is it charged?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 131
- Calculators
- Examples of export goods
- Charts
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Money - Import duty on goods
Money - Excise duty and Value Added Tax (VAT)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define import and import duty
- Calculate customs value of imported goods
- Calculate import duty on goods
- Apply knowledge to real-life situations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss goods imported into Kenya
- Learn about Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA)
- Calculate customs value: Cost + Insurance + Freight
- Apply formula: Import duty = Tax rate × Customs value
- Solve problems on vehicles, electronics, tractors, phones
- Discuss ways to reduce imports
- Understand importance of local production

What is import duty and how is it calculated?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 131
- Calculators
- Import duty examples
- Charts
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- ETR receipts
- Tax rate tables
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Combined duties and taxes on imported goods
Approximations and Errors - Approximating quantities in measurements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate multiple taxes on imported goods
- Apply import duty, excise duty, and VAT sequentially
- Solve complex problems involving all taxes
- Appreciate the cumulative effect of taxes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate import duty first
- Calculate excise value: Customs value + Import duty
- Calculate excise duty on excise value
- Calculate VAT value: Customs value + Import duty + Excise duty
- Calculate VAT on VAT value
- Apply to vehicles, electronics, cement, phones
- Solve comprehensive taxation problems
- Work backwards to find customs value

How do we calculate total taxes on imported goods?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 131
- Calculators
- Comprehensive examples
- Charts showing tax flow
- Reference materials
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 146
- Tape measures
- Various objects to measure
- Containers for capacity

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Approximations and Errors - Determining errors using estimations and actual measurements
Approximations and Errors - Calculating percentage error

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define error in measurement
- Calculate error using approximated and actual values
- Distinguish between positive and negative errors
- Appreciate the importance of accuracy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Fill 500 ml bottle and measure actual volume
- Calculate difference between labeled and actual values
- Apply formula: Error = Approximated value - Actual value
- Work with errors in mass, length, volume, time
- Complete tables showing actual, estimated values and errors
- Apply to bread packages, water bottles, cement bags
- Discuss integrity in measurements

What is error and how do we calculate it?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 146
- Measuring cylinders
- Water bottles
- Weighing scales
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Tape measures
- Open ground for activities
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Approximations and Errors - Percentage error in real-life situations
Approximations and Errors - Complex applications and problem-solving

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply percentage error to real-life situations
- Calculate errors in various contexts
- Analyze significance of errors
- Show integrity when making approximations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate percentage errors in electoral voting estimates
- Work on football match attendance approximations
- Solve problems on road length estimates
- Apply to temperature recordings
- Calculate errors in land plot sizes
- Work on age recording errors
- Discuss consequences of errors in planning

Why are accurate approximations important in real life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 146
- Calculators
- Real-world scenarios
- Case studies
- Reference materials
- Complex scenarios
- Charts
- Reference books
- Real-world case studies

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Similar figures
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Properties of similar figures (1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define similar figures
- Identify and sort similar figures from collections of objects
- Show interest in recognizing similar figures in the environment

The learner is guided to:
- Collect different objects from the environment
- Sort objects according to similarity
- Discuss criteria used for sorting
- Identify pairs of similar figures from given diagrams

What makes two figures similar?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 185
- Various objects
- Cut-outs of shapes
- Charts
- Models
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 186
- Rulers
- Tracing papers
- Calculators
- Pencils

- Observation - Oral questions

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Properties of similar figures (2)
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Drawing similar figures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify that corresponding angles of similar figures are equal
- Use properties to determine unknown sides and angles
- Develop interest in applying properties of similar figures

The learner is guided to:
- Measure corresponding angles of similar figures
- Observe that corresponding angles are equal
- Use ratio of sides to find unknown lengths
- Solve problems involving similar figures

How do we use properties of similar figures?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 186
- Protractors
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Practice worksheets
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 189
- Compasses
- Plain papers

- Written tests - Oral questions

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Determining properties of enlargement
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Positive scale factor (1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define centre of enlargement and scale factor
- Locate the centre of enlargement and determine scale factor
- Appreciate that enlargements produce similar figures

The learner is guided to:
- Join corresponding points of objects and images
- Locate the centre where lines meet
- Measure distances from centre to object and image
- Calculate the scale factor

What is the relationship between object and image in enlargement?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 190
- Rulers
- Compasses
- Tracing papers
- Models
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 192
- Graph papers
- Pencils

- Class activities - Written assignments

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Positive scale factor (2)
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Negative scale factor (1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe what happens when scale factor is between 0 and 1
- Draw enlargements with fractional scale factors accurately
- Appreciate comparing enlargements with different positive scale factors

The learner is guided to:
- Draw enlargements with fractional scale factors
- Observe that images are smaller than objects
- Note that object and image remain upright
- Practice with various positive scale factors

What happens when the scale factor is between 0 and 1?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 192
- Rulers
- Compasses
- Plain papers
- Models
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 196
- Graph papers
- Tracing papers

- Class activities - Written assignments

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Negative scale factor (2)
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Enlargement on the Cartesian plane (1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of determining negative scale factors
- Locate centres of enlargement and apply negative scale factors to various figures
- Appreciate solving problems involving negative enlargements

The learner is guided to:
- Join corresponding vertices to locate centres
- Calculate scale factors from measurements
- Draw enlargements of different shapes with negative scale factors
- Solve problems involving negative enlargements

How do we work with negative scale factors?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 196
- Rulers
- Compasses
- Plain papers
- Calculators
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 198
- Graph papers
- Pencils

- Written tests - Class activities

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Enlargement on the Cartesian plane (2)
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Linear scale factor of similar figures (1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the process of enlarging figures with centre not at origin
- Determine coordinates of images after enlargement and solve related problems
- Appreciate applying both positive and negative scale factors on Cartesian plane

The learner is guided to:
- Plot figures with given vertices
- Enlarge with centres at various points
- Determine image coordinates
- Apply both positive and negative scale factors

What happens when the centre is not at the origin?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 198
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Digital devices
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 200
- Similar objects
- Models

- Written tests - Class activities

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Linear scale factor of similar figures (2)
4.4 Trigonometry - Angles and sides of right-angled triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain applications of linear scale factor in real-life situations
- Solve problems involving scale models and drawings
- Appreciate use of similarity in architecture and mapping

The learner is guided to:
- Work with scale drawings and models
- Determine actual dimensions from scale drawings
- Calculate linear scale factors from given information
- Discuss applications in architecture and mapping

How is linear scale factor used in real life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 200
- Maps
- Scale models
- Calculators
- Real objects
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 205
- Rulers
- Set squares
- Models of triangles
- Charts

- Written assignments - Written tests

4.0 Geometry

4.4 Trigonometry - Tangent ratio and tables of tangents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define tangent of an angle as opposite/adjacent
- Calculate tangent ratios from right-angled triangles and read from tables
- Appreciate that tangent ratio is constant for a given angle

The learner is guided to:
- Work out ratios of opposite to adjacent sides
- Recognize that the ratio is constant for a given angle
- Define tangent as opposite/adjacent
- Read tangent values from tables

What is the tangent of an angle?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 207
- Mathematical tables
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Right-angled triangles

- Class activities - Written tests

4.0 Geometry
5.0 Data Handling and Probability

4.4 Trigonometry - Sine and cosine ratios, tables of sines and cosines
4.4 Trigonometry - Using calculators and applications of trigonometric ratios
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Determining appropriate class width for grouping data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sine and cosine of an angle
- Calculate sine and cosine ratios and read values from mathematical tables
- Develop interest in observing that cosine values decrease as angles increase

The learner is guided to:
- Work out ratios of opposite to hypotenuse (sine)
- Work out ratios of adjacent to hypotenuse (cosine)
- Read values from tables of sines and cosines
- Observe that values in cosine tables are subtracted

How are sine and cosine different from tangent?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 211
- Mathematical tables
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Models
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 217
- Scientific calculators
- Protractors
- Real-life problem scenarios
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 224
- Writing materials
- Chart papers
- Digital devices

- Observation - Written assignments

5.0 Data Handling and Probability

5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Drawing frequency distribution tables of grouped data
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Identifying the modal class of grouped data
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Calculating the mean of grouped data (1)
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Calculating the mean of grouped data (2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the components of a frequency distribution table
- Draw frequency distribution tables for grouped data using tally marks
- Show interest in organizing data systematically

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss suitable class width for given data
- Represent data in each class using tally marks
- Count tally marks and record as frequency
- Complete frequency distribution tables

How do we organize grouped data in tables?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 226
- Tally sheets
- Rulers
- Data sets
- Pencils
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 228
- Frequency distribution tables
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 230
- Calculators
- Frequency tables
- Writing materials
- Mathematical tables
- Charts

- Class activities - Written tests - Observation

5.0 Data Handling and Probability

5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Determining the median of grouped data (1)
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Determining the median of grouped data (2)
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Determining the median of grouped data (3)
5.2 Probability - Experiments involving equally and likely outcomes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define cumulative frequency
- Determine cumulative frequencies from frequency tables
- Show interest in understanding the median class

The learner is guided to:
- Search for the meaning of cumulative frequency
- Transfer first frequency to cumulative frequency column
- Add frequencies cumulatively in ascending order
- Identify the median class by finding N/2

What is cumulative frequency?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 232
- Frequency tables
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 234
- Formula charts
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 236
- Data sets
- Writing materials
- Practice worksheets
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 239
- Coins
- Dice
- Triangular pyramids
- Baskets and pens

- Observation - Written tests

5.0 Data Handling and Probability

5.2 Probability - Range of probability of an event
5.2 Probability - Identifying mutually exclusive events

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State that the sum of all probabilities equals 1
- Determine the range of probability as 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1
- Show interest in understanding that P(A) + P(A') = 1

The learner is guided to:
- Toss a coin and work out probability of head and tail
- Add probabilities of all outcomes
- Use dice to determine probabilities of all faces
- Discuss that probability ranges from 0 to 1

What is the range of probability?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 241
- Coins
- Dice
- Calculators
- Charts showing probability range
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 243
- Pictures of referees
- Real-life scenarios
- Charts

- Class activities - Written tests - Oral questions

5.0 Data Handling and Probability

5.2 Probability - Experiments of single chance involving mutually exclusive events
5.2 Probability - Experiments involving independent events

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the addition law of probability P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
- Calculate probabilities of mutually exclusive events
- Show interest in applying the addition law to solve problems

The learner is guided to:
- Pick pens from a closed bag and note colors
- Work out probabilities using the word "OR"
- Apply the formula P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
- Solve problems involving mutually exclusive events

How do we calculate probabilities of mutually exclusive events?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 244
- Colored pens
- Bags
- Dice
- Number cards
- Calculators
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 246
- Coins
- Colored balls
- Baskets

- Class activities - Written tests - Practical exercises

5.0 Data Handling and Probability

5.2 Probability - Drawing tree diagrams for single outcomes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what a tree diagram represents
- Draw tree diagrams showing probability outcomes on branches
- Show interest in verifying that sum of probabilities on branches equals 1

The learner is guided to:
- Identify possible outcomes from tossing a coin
- Draw branches and fill in outcomes
- Determine probabilities and place on branches
- Verify that sum of probabilities equals 1
- Draw tree diagrams for various probability situations

How do we represent probability using tree diagrams?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 248
- Drawing materials
- Coins
- Calculators
- Chart papers
- Rulers

- Class activities - Written tests - Practical activities