Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Identifying driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify driving tools used in day-to-day life
- Name different types of driving tools
- Show interest in learning about driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study pictures showing various driving tools
- Identify driving tools available
- Draw the tools in exercise books and write their names
- Classify driving tools by function

What are driving tools and what are they used for?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 106
- Variety of driving tools (hammer, mallet, screwdriver, punch, spanner)
- Charts showing driving tools
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of hammers and mallets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of hammers and mallets
- Describe the structure of hammers and mallets
- Appreciate the variety of driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study ball pein hammer, cross pein hammer, straight peen hammer, claw hammer
- Observe wooden head mallet, plastic head mallet, rubber head mallet
- Compare parts, shapes and sizes of driving tools
- Discuss specific uses of each type

How do different types of hammers and mallets differ?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 107
- Different types of hammers
- Various mallets
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of spanners, screwdrivers and punches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of spanners, screwdrivers and punches
- Distinguish between different driving tools
- Value the specific design of each tool

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study ring spanner, socket spanner, open spanner, adjustable spanner
- Identify straight slotted and Phillips screwdrivers
- Observe leather hole punch and drive pin punches
- Create identification guide for each type

What are the different types of spanners, screwdrivers and punches?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 108
- Various spanners
- Different screwdrivers
- Types of punches
- Charts

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the uses of different driving tools
- Select appropriate driving tools for given tasks
- Appreciate the importance of using correct tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss uses of driving tools for different tasks
- Select driving tools to perform given tasks
- Study pictures showing driving tools being used
- Create task-to-tool matching exercise

How are different driving tools used in various tasks?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 109
- Chart showing uses of driving tools
- Real driving tools
- Relevant textbooks
- Exercise book and pen

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Safe use of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain safety precautions when using driving tools
- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools
- Develop safe working habits

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital devices to search for information on safe use
- Watch videos on how to safely use each tool
- Role-play safe use of hammers, mallets, screwdrivers, spanners and punches
- Discuss hazards and prevention

What safety measures should be observed when using driving tools?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 111
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Safety goggles
- Gloves
- First aid box

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Safe use of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain safety precautions when using driving tools
- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools
- Develop safe working habits

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital devices to search for information on safe use
- Watch videos on how to safely use each tool
- Role-play safe use of hammers, mallets, screwdrivers, spanners and punches
- Discuss hazards and prevention

What safety measures should be observed when using driving tools?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 111
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Safety goggles
- Gloves
- First aid box

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using hammers and mallets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a hammer to join pieces of wood
- Use a mallet to drive dowels into wood
- Apply correct techniques in using driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Join two pieces of wood using a hammer and nails
- Join two pieces of wood using a wooden mallet and dowel
- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools when performing tasks
- Practice correct striking technique

How do we use hammers and mallets to perform tasks safely?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 112
- Claw hammer
- Wooden mallet
- Pieces of wood
- Nails
- Dowels
- Workbench
- Clamp

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using screwdrivers, spanners and punches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a screwdriver to fasten screws
- Use a spanner to tighten bolts and nuts
- Use a punch to make holes in leather

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Fasten pieces of wood using a screwdriver and screws
- Tighten a bolt and nut using a spanner and pliers
- Make holes in a leather belt using a revolving leather hole punch
- Practice technique and precision

How are screwdrivers, spanners and punches used in practical tasks?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 113
- Screwdriver
- Wood screws
- Spanner
- Pliers
- Bolt and nut
- Leather hole punch
- Leather belt

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Care and importance of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Clean and store driving tools properly
- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Appreciate the need for proper tool maintenance

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use a dry piece of cloth to wipe off dirt from tools
- Clean and safely store driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Present discussion points in class

Why is it important to care for driving tools properly?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 115
- Driving tools
- Clean piece of cloth
- Soft brush
- Tool box
- Storage shelf
- Digital devices

- Observation - Practical work - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify financial institutions available in Kenya
- Classify financial institutions in Kenya
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions in the economy

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss and identify financial institutions in the locality and Kenya
- Use digital devices or print media to search for types of financial institutions
- Classify financial institutions in a table (banks, insurance companies, SACCOs, microfinance)
- Present completed classification table

Which financial institutions are available in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 128
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Newspapers and business magazines
- Exercise books and pens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
Entrepreneurship - Case study on financial services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
- Explain services offered by banks, insurance companies, SACCOs and microfinance institutions
- Appreciate the importance of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital devices or print media to search for services offered by financial institutions
- Discuss services: deposit products, lending, payments, insurance, savings, credit facilities
- Make notes and present findings
- Visit a financial institution near school with teacher guidance

What services are offered by different financial institutions in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 130
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Banking and insurance brochures
- Charts and reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 132
- Case study materials
- Exercise books and pens

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Written reports

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan how to utilize financial services for business development
- Select appropriate financial institutions for specific business needs
- Value financial services in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Identify a business idea
- Determine financial institutions to visit and services needed
- Write a short report on findings
- Present report to teacher for assessment

What financial services would you utilize to start and develop a business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Access to local financial institutions
- Business planning templates
- Report writing guidelines
- Digital devices

- Written reports - Observation - Oral questions - Self assessment

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
Entrepreneurship - Ways in which government is involved in business activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
- Describe how government promotes economic development and infrastructure
- Appreciate the government's role in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss government involvement in infrastructure, defense, subsidies and regulation
- Study role of Competition Authority of Kenya (CAK)
- Examine government involvement in mining, energy and vital documents processing
- Make short notes and present to class

Why is it important for the government to get involved in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
- Business Studies textbooks
- Symbol for Competition Authority of Kenya
- Charts and digital resources
- Pictures of infrastructure projects
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Digital devices with internet
- E.P.Z symbol
- Charts and print media

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of paying taxes
- Identify types of taxes in Kenya
- Appreciate the contribution of taxes to national development

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find meaning of 'tax' from dictionary and discuss importance
- Study types of taxes: income tax, VAT, corporate tax, fuel levy, excise duty
- Identify projects in locality that succeeded because of taxes
- Discuss and present on types of taxes

Why does the government levy different types of taxes?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- English dictionary
- Business Studies textbooks
- Charts showing types of taxes
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Presentations

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - E-Government services in business
Entrepreneurship - Importance of complying with government regulations in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze e-Government services in business
- Navigate e-Government platforms for business services
- Appreciate the convenience and importance of e-Government services

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Read case study about e-Government experience
- Learn to navigate e-Citizen platform with teacher guidance
- Study e-Government services: registration, licensing, tax, procurement, intellectual property
- Visit Huduma Centre if possible

What e-Government services are available to businesses in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Digital devices with internet
- Access to e-Citizen platform
- Case study materials
- Huduma Centre information
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 145
- Business Studies textbooks
- Case studies on compliance
- Charts and digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work - Rubrics

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Government and Business)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts on government and business
- Apply knowledge of government involvement and taxes
- Demonstrate understanding of e-Government services and compliance

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Review reasons for government involvement and ways government is involved
- Discuss types of taxes and their importance
- Review e-Government services and compliance importance
- Complete assessment exercises

How does government involvement benefit businesses and the economy?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 146
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Self-reflection

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Components of a business plan in financial management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the components of a business plan in financial management
- Explain the purpose of each component
- Show understanding of the order of preparing components

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital devices or print media to search for components of business plan
- Describe each component: business description, product/service, market analysis, marketing plan
- Study management team, cost plan, financial projection and executive summary
- Write short notes and present to class

What are the components of a business plan?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 150
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Analyzing a business plan example

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze a complete business plan example
- Identify all components in the example
- Show understanding of how components relate to each other

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study example business plan provided in textbook
- Analyze all components: executive summary, business description, product, market analysis
- Examine marketing plan, management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Discuss how components connect

How are all components of a business plan connected?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Example business plan
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and analysis guides

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Filling in a business plan template for a given business project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Fill in a business plan template for a given business project
- Develop a complete business plan for own business idea
- Demonstrate ability to apply business planning knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Think of a business idea and copy business plan template
- Complete all components: business description, product, market analysis, marketing plan
- Fill in management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Review and refine complete business plan

How do we create a business plan for our own business idea?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Business plan template
- Exercise books and pens
- Calculators
- Sample business plans

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Presenting and using a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present complete business plan to class
- Accept and use feedback to improve business plan
- Embrace the use of a business plan in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Present complete business plan in class
- Receive comments and use feedback to improve business plan
- Discuss why business without plan is unlikely to succeed
- Advise family members about importance of business plan

Why is a business plan essential for entrepreneurial success?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Completed business plans
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Self assessment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Presenting and using a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present complete business plan to class
- Accept and use feedback to improve business plan
- Embrace the use of a business plan in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Present complete business plan in class
- Receive comments and use feedback to improve business plan
- Discuss why business without plan is unlikely to succeed
- Advise family members about importance of business plan

Why is a business plan essential for entrepreneurial success?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Completed business plans
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Self assessment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise