AGRICULTURE

Introduction and Definition of Agriculture
Physical Factors: Climate

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define agriculture as growing crops and rearing livestock for human needs; Identify factors influencing agriculture; Explain scope of agricultural activities

Q/A on local farming; Discussion on agriculture definition; List agricultural activities; Introduction to influencing factors

Charts showing agricultural activities, Pictures of crops and livestock, Map of Kenya
Maps showing climate zones, Rainfall charts, Pictures of crops, Thermometers

KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 232-233

AGRICULTURE

Physical Factors: Relief and Soil
Biotic and Human Factors
Types of Agriculture: Simple Subsistence and Sedentary Agriculture
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture and Plantation Agriculture
Mediterranean Agriculture, Mixed Farming, and Livestock Farming
Distribution of Major Cash Crops in Kenya
Tea Farming in Kenya
Tea Marketing and Sugar-cane Farming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe relief types; Explain lowland cultivation advantages; Analyze soil composition and weathering; Evaluate soil properties
Describe Mediterranean agriculture regions; Explain farming aspects; Define mixed farming; Identify livestock farming types

Q/A on relief and mechanization; Study lowland advantages in Monsoon Asia; Examine soil formation from rocks; Discuss hygroscopic water and temperature
Study Mediterranean regions; Analyze orchard farming, viticulture; Discuss mixed farming areas; Introduction to livestock types

Soil samples, pH testing materials, Maps of Pampas and Prairies, Terraced farming pictures
Pictures of pests, Insect specimens, Wilson Airport maps, Price charts
Maps of tropical lands, Slash-and-burn pictures, Farming systems diagrams
Monsoon Asia maps, Rice terraces pictures, Plantation distribution charts
Mediterranean maps, Olive grove pictures, Crop combination charts
Figure 13.7 map, Cash crop pictures, Colonial agriculture photos
Figure 13.8 map, Plantation pictures, Processing flow chart, Tea samples
KTDA charts, Figure 13.10 map, Factory pictures, Processing diagrams

KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 236-238
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 248-252

AGRICULTURE

Maize Growing and Cocoa in Ghana
Oil Palm in Nigeria and Coffee Farming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify maize areas and Katumani variety; Describe growing conditions; Identify Ghana cocoa triangle; Explain cocoa conditions

Study Figure 13.14 maize areas; Discuss Portuguese introduction; Analyze Ghana cocoa using Figure 13.15; Cocoa processing to export

Figure 13.14 map, Maize pictures, Figure 13.15 Ghana map, Processing charts
Oil palm pictures, Figure 13.18 coffee map, Processing charts, pH testing materials

KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 262-270

AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
STATISTICAL METHODS
STATISTICAL METHODS
STATISTICAL METHODS
STATISTICAL METHODS

Wheat Growing and Horticulture
Pastoral Farming and Dairy Farming
Beef Farming and Agricultural Fieldwork
Introduction and Age-Sex Pyramids Concept
Analysis and Interpretation
Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications
Introduction, Concepts and Construction Factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify wheat areas and conditions; Compare with Canada's advantages; Define horticulture; Identify horticultural areas
Compare traditional and commercial beef farming; Describe Argentina's Pampas system; Plan agricultural fieldwork

Study Figure 13.20 wheat areas; Analyze Canadian Prairie advantages; Discuss horticultural companies; Export market analysis
Analyze KMC operations; Study Argentine estancias; Discuss Kaputiei Scheme; Practice fieldwork planning

Figure 13.20 map, Harvester pictures, Figure 13.25 horticulture map, Export charts
Figure 13.29 map, Pastoral pictures, Table 13.1, Cattle breed photos
Cattle breed pictures, Figure 13.40 Pampas map, Sample questionnaires, Data sheets
Sample age-sex pyramids; Kenya census data; Charts showing graph types; Textbook examples
Kenya and developed country pyramid examples; Comparison charts; Statistical data; Population analysis worksheets
Advantage/disadvantage charts; Planning scenario examples; Case study materials; Review worksheets
Sample dot maps; Livestock data tables; Calculators; Various sized dots; Dotting pens

KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 283-299
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 313-327

STATISTICAL METHODS

Practical Construction and Location Techniques
Introduction, Definition and Construction Steps
Shading Techniques and Practical Construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct complete dot maps using given data; Apply proper dot placement techniques; Use additional maps for accurate location; Create neat, professional dot maps

Practical construction of Bungoma County livestock map; Demonstration of dot placement using relief and settlement maps; Individual mapping exercise with quality control; Application of proper dotting techniques

Base maps; Dotting pens; Relief maps; Settlement maps; Bungoma livestock data; Practice materials
Sample choropleth maps; Calculators; Area data; Classification examples; Density calculation worksheets
Shading materials; Pattern examples; Region A data; Base maps; Rulers; Final presentation materials

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 11-12

STATISTICAL METHODS
LAND RECLAMATION AND REHABILITATION
LAND RECLAMATION AND REHABILITATION
LAND RECLAMATION AND REHABILITATION
LAND RECLAMATION AND REHABILITATION

Analysis, Comparison and Comprehensive Review
Introduction and Irrigation Schemes Overview
Mwea-Tebere Irrigation Scheme - Location and Development
Mwea-Tebere Scheme - Management and Cultivation
Mwea-Tebere Benefits, Problems and Perkerra Scheme
Significance and Problems of Irrigation in Kenya
Methods - Drainage, Irrigation Types and Pest Control
Afforestation, Soil Conservation and ASAL Management
Kenya Case Studies - Lambwe Valley and Swamp Drainage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Interpret choropleth map patterns; Compare all three statistical methods; Select appropriate methods for different data types; Demonstrate mastery through practical application
Explain significance of irrigation farming in Kenya; Analyze economic and social benefits; Identify major problems facing irrigation; Suggest solutions to irrigation challenges

Analysis of completed choropleth maps; Comprehensive comparison of age-sex pyramids, dot maps, and choropleth maps; Method selection scenarios; Final assessment and practical application exercise
Study of nine significance points including foreign exchange savings; Analysis of settlement benefits and infrastructure development; Comprehensive examination of 11 major problems; Discussion on collapsed schemes and solution strategies

Completed maps; Comparison charts; Various data sets; Assessment materials; Method selection guides
Chalkboard; Kenya map; Textbook; Notebook; Pen/pencil
Chalkboard; Kenya map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pencil; Ruler
Chalkboard; Textbook; Calculator; Exercise book; Pen
Chalkboard; Textbook; Kenya map; Exercise book; Pencil
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Kenya map
Chalkboard; Textbook; Water bucket; Small stones; Exercise book
Chalkboard; Kenya map; Textbook; Tree seedlings; Exercise book
Chalkboard; Kenya map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pencil

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 1-19
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 22-24

LAND RECLAMATION AND REHABILITATION

Netherlands Land Reclamation - Introduction and Methods
Zuyder Zee and Delta Plan Projects
Comparison and Review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Netherlands geography and reclamation history; Explain the concept of polders; Analyze three main reclamation methods; Understand polder construction process

Study of Netherlands' land below sea level; Historical analysis from 13th century to modern methods; Examination of sea/marsh/lake reclamation; Step-by-step analysis of polder construction with ring canals and dykes

Chalkboard; World map; Textbook; Exercise book; Ruler
Chalkboard; World map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Kenya and world maps

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 37-40

FISHING

Introduction and Factors Influencing Fishing - Plankton and Ocean Currents
Factors Influencing Fishing - Coastline, Capital, Technology and Market
Major World Fishing Grounds - Atlantic Ocean
Major World Fishing Grounds - Pacific Ocean and Comparison

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define fishing, fisheries, and fish farming; Explain the presence of plankton and its importance; Analyze the influence of ocean currents on fish distribution; Describe the relationship between water temperature and fish populations

Q/A on previous knowledge of water bodies and fish; Teacher explanation of fishing concepts and terminology; Study of plankton types (zoo and phyto-plankton); Analysis of ocean current effects using Africa map; Discussion on water depth limitations (180m) and temperature effects (24°C)

Chalkboard; Textbook; Kenya and Africa maps; Exercise book; Pen/pencil
Chalkboard; Textbook; World map; Exercise book; Pencil
Chalkboard; World map; Textbook; Exercise book; Ruler
Chalkboard; World map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 31-33

FISHING

Fishing Grounds in Africa - Marine and Inland Fisheries
Types and Methods of Fishing
Traditional Fishing Methods
Modern Fishing Methods
Fisheries in East Africa - Kenya Marine and Inland
Fish Farming in Kenya and Fishing in Tanzania/Uganda
Significance and Problems of Fishing Industry in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major fishing grounds in Africa; Explain why Africa is not a major fish producer; Describe marine fishing countries and their advantages; Analyze inland fisheries and their characteristics
Explain fish farming establishment and management; Describe fish pond construction and fish feeding; Compare fishing in Tanzania and Uganda; Analyze East African fishing patterns

Study of Africa's limited fish production (less than 8%); Analysis of warm ocean waters and coral reef limitations; Examination of major marine fishing countries (South Africa, Namibia, Morocco); Discussion on inland fishing in lakes and rivers using traditional methods
Study of fish pond construction on impervious soils; Analysis of fingerling sources and fish feeding methods; Examination of tilapia, trout, and mudfish farming; Comparison of Tanzania's Lake Victoria and Tanganyika fishing; Study of Uganda's landlocked fishing advantages

Chalkboard; Africa map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pencil
Chalkboard; Textbook; Fishing net sample; Exercise book; Pen
Chalkboard; Textbook; Basket sample; Exercise book; Pencil
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Small rope sample
Chalkboard; Kenya map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pencil
Chalkboard; Kenya map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Kenya map

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 39-42
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 53-56

FISHING
WILDLIFE AND TOURISM

Fishing in Japan - Factors and Development
Management and Conservation of Fisheries
Definition of Wildlife and Factors Influencing Distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors making Japan a leading fishing nation; Analyze Japan's fishing advantages; Describe Japanese fishing technology and methods; Compare Japanese and Kenyan fishing

Study of Japan's rugged terrain and island nature; Analysis of extensive continental shelf and current convergence; Examination of advanced technology and ship building; Discussion on lucrative markets and large population; Comparison of similarities and differences with Kenya

Chalkboard; World map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; World map
Chalkboard; Textbook; Kenya map; Exercise book; Pen/pencil

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 60-64

WILDLIFE AND TOURISM

Factors Influencing Wildlife Distribution - Climate, Soils and Human Activities
Game Parks - Types and Distinctions
Distribution of Parks and Significance of Wildlife
Problems Facing Wildlife in East Africa
Wildlife Management and Conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how climate affects wildlife distribution; Analyze the role of altitude and rainfall in wildlife patterns; Describe how soils influence wildlife habitats; Evaluate human impact on wildlife distribution

Study of temperature and altitude effects on wildlife; Analysis of rainfall distribution and vegetation variety; Discussion on soil types and plant species relationships; Examination of human activities impact (settlement, agriculture, chemicals, mining, hunting, fishing methods)

Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Kenya map
Chalkboard; Textbook; East Africa map; Exercise book; Pencil
Chalkboard; East Africa map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Wildlife photos

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 61-62

WILDLIFE AND TOURISM

Tourism - Definitions and Types
Factors Influencing Tourism in Kenya
Tourist Attractions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define tourism, tourists, and eco-tourism; Distinguish between domestic and international tourism; Explain characteristics of eco-tourism; Analyze mass tourism vs sustainable tourism concepts

Teacher explanation of tourism concepts and terminology; Study of eco-tourism principles and environmental protection; Analysis of domestic vs international tourism patterns; Discussion on sustainable tourism practices and community involvement; Examination of tourism statistics and origins of tourists to Kenya

Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; World map
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Kenya map
Chalkboard; Textbook; Kenya map; Exercise book; Pen

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 71-74

WILDLIFE AND TOURISM

Significance and Problems of Tourism in Kenya
Tourism in Switzerland and Comparison with Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze economic and social significance of tourism; Evaluate tourism's contribution to national development; Identify major problems facing tourism industry; Suggest solutions to tourism challenges

Study of foreign exchange earnings and employment creation; Analysis of agricultural promotion and revenue generation; Examination of problems: insecurity, terrorism, adverse publicity, high costs; Discussion on solutions and government initiatives to address challenges

Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Calculator
Chalkboard; World map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 80-83