Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - General structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the general structure of an atom
- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Show interest in exploring the structure of atoms

- Observe a diagram showing the structure of an atom
- Discuss in groups the general structure of atoms
- Identify the particles shown in the atom

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 1)
- Charts showing structure of an atom
- Digital resources
- Models of atoms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Meaning of an atom
Structure of the atom - Atomic number
Structure of the atom - Mass number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of an atom
- Describe the characteristics of subatomic particles in an atom
- Appreciate the importance of understanding atomic structure

- Define mass number of elements
- Calculate the mass number of given elements
- Show interest in determining mass numbers of elements

- Discuss in groups and find out the meaning of an atom
- Research on the differences between subatomic particles
- Share findings with classmates
- Complete a table to determine mass numbers of different elements
- Calculate mass numbers using protons and neutrons
- Work out mass numbers for various elements

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 2)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing structure of atoms
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 3)
- Periodic table
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 4)
- Periodic table
- Digital resources
- Charts showing atomic structure

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Representation of elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write chemical symbols with atomic and mass numbers
- Interpret chemical symbols with atomic and mass numbers
- Appreciate the importance of standard atomic notation

- Complete a table showing representation of elements
- Practice writing chemical symbols with atomic and mass numbers
- Interpret given chemical symbols

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 5)
- Periodic table
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Energy levels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify energy levels in atoms
- Explain how electrons are organized in energy levels
- Show interest in understanding atomic structure

- Search for information on energy levels in atoms
- Discuss how energy levels are organized in atoms
- Study diagrams showing energy levels

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 6)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing energy levels
- Models

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangements of elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe electron arrangement in atoms
- Draw electron arrangement diagrams for different elements
- Show interest in understanding electron configurations

- Search for information on electron arrangement of elements
- Discuss the organization of electrons in energy levels
- Draw electron arrangement diagrams for various elements

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 6)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing electron arrangements
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 7)

- Observation - Practical work - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interpret energy level diagrams
- Draw energy level diagrams for different elements
- Show interest in representing atomic structures

- Draw electron arrangements for more complex elements
- Write electron arrangements numerically
- Appreciate the systematic organization of electrons

- Study energy level diagrams in the course book
- Practice drawing energy level diagrams
- Discuss the meaning of energy level diagrams
- Complete practice exercises on electron arrangements
- Draw electron arrangements for various elements
- Share work with peers for feedback

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 7)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing energy level diagrams
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 8)
- Periodic table
- Digital resources
- Exercise sheets

- Observation - Practical work - Written assignments
- Observation - Written work - Peer assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Modelling structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create models of atomic structures
- Identify suitable materials for modelling atomic structures
- Show creativity in making models of atomic structures

- Observe different models of atomic structures
- Identify materials for modelling atoms
- Create models of atomic structures in groups

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 8)
- Locally available materials
- Digital resources
- Sample models

- Observation - Project work - Peer assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify metals and non-metals using electron arrangement
- Explain the relationship between outer electrons and metallic properties
- Show interest in classifying elements

- Study examples of elements with their electron arrangements
- Identify patterns in electron arrangements of metals and non-metals
- Classify given elements as metals or non-metals

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 9)
- Digital resources
- Periodic table
- Charts showing electron arrangements

- Observation - Written work - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals classification
Structure of the atom - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify elements into metals and non-metals using electron arrangement
- Explain the relationship between electron arrangement and metallic properties
- Appreciate the diversity of elements

- Discuss classification of elements based on electron arrangements
- Complete tables to show metals and non-metals
- Match elements to their classifications

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 9)
- Digital resources
- Periodic table
- Charts showing classification of elements
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 10)
- Assessment items
- Models

- Observation - Written work - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Identifying metals
Metals and Alloys - Classification of materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify metals and non-metals in the environment
- Classify materials as metallic or non-metallic
- Appreciate the variety of materials in the environment

- Classify different materials into metals and non-metals
- Explain reasons for classification based on observable properties
- Show interest in materials in the environment

- Observe pictures of items made from different materials
- Identify and classify materials as metallic or non-metallic
- Walk around the school to identify metallic and non-metallic items
- Walk around the school compound to observe materials
- Classify observed materials as metallic or non-metallic
- Record findings and share with classmates

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 15)
- Samples of metallic and non-metallic items
- Digital resources
- Pictures
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 15)
- Samples of different materials
- Digital resources
- Worksheets

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Field activity - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties (state)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the state of different metals at room temperature
- Classify metals according to their state
- Show interest in investigating properties of metals

- Observe samples of common metals
- Record observations about the state of different metals
- Classify metals based on their state at room temperature

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 16)
- Samples of different metals
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Practical work - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Malleability
Metals and Alloys - Ductility

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the malleability of different metals
- Explain the property of malleability in metals
- Observe safety measures when investigating metal properties

- Carry out an investigation on malleability of different metals
- Record observations when metals are hammered
- Compare the malleability of different metals

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 17)
- Samples of different metals
- Hammer or mallet
- Safety equipment
- Metal wires
- Pliers

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Electrical conductivity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the electrical conductivity of different metals
- Explain why metals conduct electricity
- Show interest in investigating electrical properties of metals

- Set up simple circuits to test electrical conductivity
- Record observations on how different metals conduct electricity
- Compare the electrical conductivity of different metals

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 18)
- Simple circuit components
- Metal samples
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Thermal conductivity
Metals and Alloys - Causes of rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the thermal conductivity of different metals
- Explain why metals conduct heat
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Investigate causes of rusting in iron
- Explain conditions necessary for rusting to occur
- Appreciate the importance of understanding rusting

- Set up experiments to test thermal conductivity
- Record observations on how different metals conduct heat
- Compare the thermal conductivity of different metals
- Set up experiments to investigate rusting
- Record observations on rusting under different conditions
- Discuss factors that cause rusting

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 19)
- Metal samples
- Heat source
- Candle wax or cooking fat
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 20)
- Iron nails
- Test tubes
- Water and oil
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Effects of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Control of rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify effects of rusting on metal items
- Explain how rusting affects the usefulness of metals
- Show concern about effects of rusting in the environment

- Observe pictures of rusted items
- Discuss effects of rusting on different items
- Walk around to observe effects of rusting on items

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 21)
- Pictures of rusted items
- Actual rusted items
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 22)
- Items with rust prevention
- Pictures

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Investigating rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Carry out an investigation on rusting in the environment
- Record observations on rusted items
- Show concern about the effects of rusting

- Walk around the school or neighborhood to observe rusted items
- Record observations on rusted items
- Write a report on effects of rusting

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 22)
- Camera (if available)
- Observation sheets
- Rusted items

- Observation - Field activity - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of various metals in everyday life
- Match metals to their appropriate uses
- Appreciate the importance of metals in daily life

- Search for information on uses of metals
- Discuss uses of different metals in daily life
- Match metals to their uses

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 23)
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing uses of metals
- Charts

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Identifying alloys
Metals and Alloys - Alloys in locality
Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify items made from alloys in the locality
- Explain why certain items are made from alloys
- Show interest in exploring uses of alloys

- Collect items made from alloys in the locality
- Identify the alloys used to make different items
- Appreciate the use of alloys in everyday items

- Observe pictures of items made from alloys
- Discuss why certain items are made from alloys
- Identify items made from alloys in the school
- Walk around school to identify items made from alloys
- Collect or take photographs of items made from alloys
- Discuss why the items are made from alloys

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 24)
- Samples of items made from alloys
- Digital resources
- Pictures
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 24)
- Items made from alloys
- Camera (if available)
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 25)
- Pictures of different alloys
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Project work
- Observation - Field activity - Project work

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Uses of alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of common alloys in everyday life
- Match alloys to their appropriate uses
- Appreciate the importance of alloys in daily life

- Observe pictures showing uses of common alloys
- Discuss uses of different alloys
- Search for information on uses of alloys

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 26)
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing uses of alloys
- Charts

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Observing alloy uses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe uses of alloys in the locality
- Explain advantages of using alloys for specific purposes
- Show interest in applications of alloys

- Walk around the school or locality to observe uses of alloys
- Record observations on uses of alloys
- Discuss findings with classmates

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 27)
- Observation sheets
- Items made from alloys
- Digital resources

- Observation - Field activity - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of metals and alloys
- Explain uses of various metals and alloys
- Show confidence in applying knowledge of metals and alloys

- Answer assessment questions on metals and alloys
- Complete self-assessment checklist
- Identify properties and uses of metals and alloys

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 32)
- Assessment items
- Digital resources
- Samples of metals and alloys

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Physical properties
Water hardness - Water sources
Water hardness - Colour and odour

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect water samples from different sources
- Compare water from different sources
- Appreciate the variety of water sources in the locality

- Identify different sources of water in the locality
- Compare characteristics of water from different sources
- Show interest in water sources in the environment

- Tour the locality to observe water sources
- Collect water samples from different sources
- Compare water samples in terms of appearance, odor, taste and boiling point
- Discuss different sources of water in the locality
- Compare characteristics of water from different sources
- Record findings in a table

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 33)
- Water samples from different sources
- Containers for samples
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 33)
- Water samples
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Clear containers
- White paper

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports
- Observation - Oral discussions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Investigating color and odor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the color and odor of different water samples
- Record observations on water characteristics
- Appreciate the importance of clean water

- Carry out experiments to test color and odor of water samples
- Record observations in a table
- Draw conclusions about water quality based on observations

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Water samples
- Clear containers
- White paper
- Worksheets

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Boiling point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the boiling point of water
- Explain why water boils at a specific temperature
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Set up apparatus to determine boiling point of water
- Measure temperature changes as water heats
- Record observations about boiling water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 35)
- Thermometer
- Heat source
- Beaker
- Water

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between hard and soft water
- Explain the difference in lathering ability
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Compare lathering of soap in different water samples
- Distinguish between hard and soft water based on lathering
- Discuss differences between hard and soft water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 36)
- Soap
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Differences
Water hardness - Advantages of soft water
Water hardness - Hard water advantages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what makes water hard or soft
- Identify sources of hard and soft water
- Appreciate differences in water properties

- Identify advantages of hard water
- Discuss health benefits of minerals in hard water
- Appreciate the value of hard water in certain applications

- Discuss what causes water hardness
- Identify sources of hard and soft water
- Compare characteristics of hard and soft water
- Discuss benefits of minerals in hard water
- Research advantages of hard water
- Debate on usefulness of hard water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 37)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Water samples
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 38)
- Debate materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 39)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Research materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Methods of softening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of softening hard water
- Explain different water softening processes
- Show interest in water treatment methods

- Search for information on methods of softening hard water
- Discuss different methods of water softening
- Summarize findings on water softening methods

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 40)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Water samples

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Boiling method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water by boiling
- Explain how boiling removes hardness
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Carry out experiment to soften hard water by boiling
- Test lathering ability of water before and after boiling
- Explain observations from the experiment

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 41)
- Hard water samples
- Heat source
- Beakers
- Soap

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Chemical method
Water hardness - Distillation method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water using chemicals
- Explain how chemicals remove hardness
- Show care when handling chemicals

- Carry out experiment to soften hard water using chemicals
- Test lathering ability before and after treatment
- Explain observations from the experiment

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 42)
- Hard water samples
- Washing soda
- Beakers
- Soap
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 44)
- Distillation apparatus
- Heat source

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Living Things and their Environment

Water hardness - Applications
Nutrition in plants - External structure of the leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of hard and soft water in daily life
- Match water types to their appropriate uses
- Appreciate the different uses of water based on hardness

- Identify the external parts of a leaf
- Draw and label external parts of a leaf
- Show interest in exploring plant structures

- Search for information on applications of hard and soft water
- Discuss practical uses of different water types
- Match water types to specific applications
- Observe pictures showing external structure of a leaf
- Identify external parts of the leaf from the pictures
- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?
What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 45)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Pictures of water applications
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 49)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of external leaf parts
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Appreciate the diversity of leaf structures

- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Share findings with classmates

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 50)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Observing leaf structures
Nutrition in plants - Leaf adaptations for photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect and observe different types of leaves
- Identify external parts of leaves using a hand lens
- Draw and label parts of leaves

- Walk around the school compound to collect leaf samples
- Use a hand lens to observe external parts of leaves
- Draw and label parts of leaves observed
- Compare leaves with those identified previously

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 50)
- Hand lens
- Fresh leaves
- Drawing materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 51)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing leaf adaptations
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical work - Drawings

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of the leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the internal parts of a leaf
- Describe the arrangement of tissues in a leaf
- Show curiosity in learning about internal leaf structures

- Observe a diagram showing internal structure of a leaf
- Identify the internal parts of the leaf
- Discuss the functions of each internal part of the leaf

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 52)
- Charts showing internal structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Models

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Leaf tissues for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Internal adaptations for photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of internal leaf tissues
- Relate internal leaf structures to photosynthesis
- Appreciate the complexity of leaf tissues

- Describe how internal leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Relate specific adaptations to photosynthetic functions
- Show interest in plant adaptations

- Discuss the functions of different internal leaf tissues
- Relate the structure of internal leaf tissues to photosynthesis
- Share findings with classmates
- Discuss how internal leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Search for information about internal leaf adaptations
- Make summary notes on internal leaf adaptations

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 53)
- Charts showing internal leaf tissues
- Digital resources
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 54)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing internal leaf adaptations
- Reference materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Structure of chloroplast
Nutrition in plants - Chloroplast adaptations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure of a chloroplast
- Identify parts of a chloroplast and their functions
- Appreciate the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis

- Observe a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast
- Identify the parts of a chloroplast
- Discuss the functions of different parts of a chloroplast

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 55)
- Charts showing structure of chloroplast
- Digital resources
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 56)
- Photomicrographs of chloroplasts
- Charts showing chloroplast structure

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of photosynthesis
- Identify raw materials and products of photosynthesis
- Show interest in understanding photosynthesis

- Discuss conditions and raw materials necessary for photosynthesis
- Identify products of photosynthesis
- Search for information on the process of photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 57)
- Charts showing photosynthesis process
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Conditions for photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Explain the role of each condition in photosynthesis
- Appreciate the complexity of photosynthesis

- Search for information on conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Discuss the role of each condition in photosynthesis
- Make summary notes on conditions for photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 58)
- Charts showing conditions for photosynthesis
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Stages of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the light and dark stages of photosynthesis
- Explain where each stage occurs in the chloroplast
- Show curiosity in understanding photosynthetic stages

- Demonstrate the procedure for testing for starch in a leaf
- Explain why each step in the procedure is important
- Observe safety measures when carrying out experiments

- Study a chart showing stages of photosynthesis
- Discuss the light and dark stages of photosynthesis
- Explain the products of each stage of photosynthesis
- Set up an experiment to test for the presence of starch in a leaf
- Follow the correct procedure step by step
- Observe and record the results
- Explain why certain steps are necessary

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 59)
- Charts showing stages of photosynthesis
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 60)
- Apparatus for testing starch in leaves
- Chemicals (iodine solution)
- Fresh leaves
- Heat source

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral questions
- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Light and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Carbon (IV) oxide and photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate whether light is necessary for photosynthesis
- Control variables in an experiment
- Practice safety measures when conducting experiments

- Design an experiment to investigate the effect of light on photosynthesis
- Set up the experiment with appropriate controls
- Record and analyze results
- Draw conclusions from the experiment

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 61)
- Potted plants
- Aluminum foil/carbon paper
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 62)
- Conical flasks with corks
- Potassium hydroxide solution

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Chlorophyll and photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate whether chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
- Design a fair test using variegated leaves
- Draw conclusions based on evidence

- Design an experiment using variegated leaves to investigate the role of chlorophyll
- Test for starch in variegated leaves
- Record and analyze results
- Draw conclusions from the experiment

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 63)
- Variegated leaves
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals
- Heat source

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of photosynthesis in nature
- Relate photosynthesis to food production and oxygen release
- Appreciate the significance of photosynthesis

- Search for information on importance of photosynthesis
- Discuss how photosynthesis benefits plants, animals and the environment
- Make summary notes on importance of photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 64)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing importance of photosynthesis
- Reference materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Environmental impact of photosynthesis
Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition in animals
Nutrition in animals - Parasitic mode of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how photosynthesis affects carbon (IV) oxide levels
- Explain the role of photosynthesis in reducing global warming
- Value plants as contributors to environmental balance

- Explain the meaning of nutrition in animals
- Identify different modes of nutrition in animals
- Appreciate the diversity of feeding mechanisms in animals

- Discuss how photosynthesis affects the carbon cycle
- Explain how plants help reduce carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere
- Relate photosynthesis to environmental conservation
- Observe pictures of animals with different feeding mechanisms
- Discuss modes of nutrition in animals
- Categorize different animals based on how they feed
- Search for information on animal nutrition using digital devices or print materials

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?
How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 65)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing carbon cycle
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 73)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animals with different feeding habits
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 74)
- Pictures of parasitic animals

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Saprophytic mode of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain saprophytic mode of nutrition
- Identify organisms that exhibit saprophytic mode of nutrition
- Value the role of saprophytes in nutrient cycling

- Observe pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Discuss the characteristics of saprophytic organisms
- Research on examples of saprophytic organisms
- Discuss the importance of saprophytes in the ecosystem

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 74)
- Digital devices
- Pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Symbiotic mode of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain symbiotic mode of nutrition
- Identify organisms that exhibit symbiotic relationships in feeding
- Appreciate the interdependence of organisms in nutrition

- Observe pictures of symbiotic relationships
- Discuss examples of symbiotic relationships in feeding
- Research on symbiotic relationships
- Create presentations on symbiotic relationships

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 75)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of symbiotic relationships

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations