Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Components of Integrated Science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term Integrated Science
- Identify the three components of Integrated Science
- Show interest in learning about science components

- Brainstorm on the components of Integrated Science in groups
- Use charts to identify Physics, Chemistry and Biology
- Discuss the meaning of Integrated Science
- Draw and label a diagram showing the three components

How does integration help us understand science better?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 1
- Charts showing science components
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Physics as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Chemistry as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Biology as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in agriculture
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in health
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in transport

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Physics
- Give examples of Physics concepts
- Appreciate the role of Physics in daily life

- Explain how science improves farming
- Identify scientific tools used in agriculture
- Appreciate science applications in food production

- Discuss the definition of Physics
- Identify Physics concepts from given examples
- Use digital devices to search for Physics applications
- Share findings with classmates
- Study pictures showing modern farming methods
- Discuss how science helps increase crop production
- Visit the school garden to observe scientific practices
- Create a chart on science in agriculture

What is the study of Physics all about?
How has science transformed agriculture?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Laboratory chemicals
- Charts
- Living specimens
- Magnifying glass
- Master Integrated Science pg. 3
- Pictures of farming tools
- School garden
- Master Integrated Science pg. 4
- Pictures of medical equipment
- First aid kit
- Master Integrated Science pg. 5
- Pictures of vehicles
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Practical activities
- Practical observations - Chart making - Oral presentations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in food and textile
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain science applications in food processing
- Identify synthetic materials
- Appreciate food preservation methods

- Observe food packaging and preservation
- Discuss synthetic fabrics and natural materials
- Visit the school kitchen to observe food processing
- Create a display of different textiles

How does science help in food and textile production?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 5
- Food packages
- Fabric samples
- Master Integrated Science pg. 6
- Pictures of industries
- Recycled materials

- Practical observations - Display creation - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify science-related careers
- Explain pathways in STEM education
- Show interest in science careers

- Create a career chart using available materials
- Research science careers using digital devices
- Interview a science professional
- Display career information

What career opportunities does science offer?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 7
- Career magazines
- Digital devices

- Career chart assessment - Interview reports - Presentations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - STEM pathways
Introduction to Integrated Science - Project work and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain STEM pathway components
- Identify senior school science options
- Appreciate the importance of STEM education

- Study STEM pathway diagram
- Discuss Pure Sciences, Applied Sciences, and Technical Engineering
- Create a pathway flow chart
- Share findings with peers

How does Integrated Science prepare us for senior school?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 8
- STEM pathway charts
- Manila papers
- Master Integrated Science pg. 9
- Project materials
- Assessment rubrics

- Flow chart creation - Peer discussions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Defining a laboratory
Laboratory Safety - Common hazards and symbols
Laboratory Safety - Flammable substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term laboratory
- Identify places where laboratories are found
- Appreciate the importance of laboratories

- Identify common laboratory hazards
- Recognize hazard symbols
- Show concern for laboratory safety

- Visit the school laboratory
- Discuss what a laboratory is used for
- Identify different types of laboratories
- Share experiences about laboratory visits
- Observe hazard symbols on chemical containers
- Draw and name different hazard symbols
- Discuss the meaning of each symbol
- Create a safety symbols chart

What is a laboratory and why is it important?
What do laboratory hazard symbols tell us?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 13
- School laboratory
- Pictures of laboratories
- Master Integrated Science pg. 14
- Chemical containers with labels
- Drawing materials
- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Flammable substance containers
- Safety equipment

- Practical observations - Oral questions - Written definitions
- Symbol identification - Chart creation - Practical work

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Toxic substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify toxic substances
- Explain dangers of toxic materials
- Practice safety measures when near toxic substances

- Identify the toxic symbol
- Discuss harmful effects of toxic substances
- Practice using protective equipment
- Demonstrate proper disposal methods

Why are some laboratory substances dangerous to our health?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Protective equipment
- Toxic substance labels

- Practical demonstrations - Safety assessment - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Corrosive substances
Laboratory Safety - Radioactive and carcinogenic substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify corrosive substances
- Explain the effects of corrosive materials
- Practice safe handling of corrosive substances

- Identify the corrosive symbol
- Discuss damage caused by corrosive substances
- Practice emergency procedures
- Demonstrate proper storage

What happens when corrosive substances touch our skin?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 16
- Corrosive warning labels
- Safety equipment
- Radioactive warning labels
- Safety protocols chart

- Emergency procedure practice - Safety demonstrations - Oral assessments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Causes of laboratory accidents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common causes of laboratory accidents
- Explain how accidents occur
- Develop awareness to prevent accidents

- Discuss common laboratory accidents
- Analyze case studies of laboratory incidents
- Identify unsafe practices
- Create an accident prevention checklist

How do accidents happen in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 17
- Case study materials
- Accident report forms

- Case study analysis - Checklist creation - Group discussions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Burns and scalds
Laboratory Safety - Cuts and injuries
Laboratory Safety - Ingestion of harmful substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between burns and scalds
- Identify causes of burns and scalds
- Practice prevention measures

- Explain how harmful substances can be ingested
- Practice hygiene measures in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency response procedures

- Differentiate between dry heat burns and wet heat scalds
- Identify sources of burns and scalds in the laboratory
- Practice proper handling of hot equipment
- Demonstrate safety procedures
- Discuss how chemicals can accidentally enter the body
- Practice proper hand washing techniques
- Learn about eating restrictions in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency first aid

What is the difference between burns and scalds?
Why should we never eat or drink in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Hot water demonstration setup
- Safety equipment
- Glassware samples
- Safety gloves
- Master Integrated Science pg. 19
- Hand washing stations
- Emergency contact information

- Practical demonstrations - Safety procedure assessment - Oral questions
- Hygiene practice assessment - Emergency procedure demonstration - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for burns
- Demonstrate first aid for scalds
- Practice emergency response procedures

- Learn the steps for treating burns
- Practice cooling burn injuries
- Demonstrate proper wound covering
- Role-play emergency situations

What should we do immediately when someone gets burned?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 20
- First aid kit
- Cold water supply

- First aid demonstration - Role-play assessment - Practical skills test

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for cuts
Laboratory Safety - First aid for ingestion emergencies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for cuts
- Practice wound cleaning procedures
- Show competence in bandaging techniques

- Learn proper wound cleaning methods
- Practice applying pressure to stop bleeding
- Demonstrate bandaging techniques
- Role-play cut injury scenarios

How do we properly treat a cut to prevent infection?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 21
- Bandages and gauze
- Antiseptic solution
- Emergency contact numbers
- Poison control information

- Bandaging skills assessment - First aid demonstration - Practical evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Importance of safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain why laboratory safety is important
- Value personal and others' safety
- Appreciate the role of safety in learning

- Discuss benefits of following safety rules
- Analyze consequences of ignoring safety
- Create safety promotion materials
- Present safety importance to younger students

Why is it important to follow safety rules in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 22
- Safety promotion materials
- Presentation equipment

- Safety presentation assessment - Material creation evaluation - Peer teaching assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Basic skills in science
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Manipulative skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Observation skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define basic skills in science
- Identify different science process skills
- Appreciate the importance of scientific skills

- Define observation skills
- Practice using different senses for observation
- Record observations accurately

- Brainstorm on scientific skills
- Identify skills used in daily activities
- Practice observation and classification
- Discuss the importance of each skill
- Use all senses to observe objects
- Practice detailed observation techniques
- Record observations systematically
- Compare observations with classmates

Why are basic skills important in science?
What can we learn by observing carefully?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25
- Observable objects
- Classification materials
- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Laboratory equipment
- Safety gloves
- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Various objects for observation
- Observation recording sheets

- Skills demonstration - Practical observations - Oral assessments
- Observation recording assessment - Accuracy evaluation - Systematic recording check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Measurement skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Classification skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define measurement skills
- Use appropriate measuring instruments
- Record measurements accurately

- Practice using rulers and tape measures
- Measure various objects in the classroom
- Record measurements in proper units
- Compare measurement accuracy

How do we measure objects accurately?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Rulers and measuring tapes
- Objects to measure
- Various objects for sorting
- Classification charts

- Measurement accuracy assessment - Unit usage evaluation - Recording skills check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Prediction and communication skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define prediction and communication skills
- Make reasonable predictions
- Communicate findings effectively

- Make predictions about simple experiments
- Test predictions through observation
- Communicate results to classmates
- Practice scientific reporting

How do we share our scientific discoveries?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Simple experiment materials
- Communication aids

- Prediction accuracy assessment - Communication skills evaluation - Scientific reporting check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Heating apparatus identification
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Parts of a Bunsen burner

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify heating apparatus in the laboratory
- Name different heating instruments
- Understand the purpose of each heating device

- Observe different heating apparatus
- Identify Bunsen burners, spirit lamps, and hot plates
- Discuss uses of each heating device
- Create a chart of heating equipment

What equipment do we use for heating in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 28
- Various heating apparatus
- Equipment identification charts
- Master Integrated Science pg. 30
- Bunsen burner
- Labeling materials

- Equipment identification assessment - Chart creation evaluation - Purpose explanation check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Using and caring for heating apparatus
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Mass measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper use of heating apparatus
- Practice safety measures while heating
- Show proper care and maintenance procedures

- Identify instruments for measuring mass
- Distinguish between electronic and beam balances
- Practice proper use of weighing instruments

- Practice lighting a Bunsen burner safely
- Demonstrate proper flame adjustment
- Practice cleaning and storage procedures
- Follow safety protocols throughout
- Identify different types of balances
- Practice using electronic balances
- Compare beam balance and electronic balance
- Measure masses of various objects

How do we safely use and care for heating equipment?
What instruments do we use to measure mass?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 31
- Heating apparatus
- Safety equipment
- Master Integrated Science pg. 34
- Electronic and beam balances
- Objects for weighing

- Safe usage demonstration - Care procedure assessment - Safety protocol evaluation
- Balance usage assessment - Measurement accuracy evaluation - Comparison skills check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Temperature measuring instruments
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Length measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify temperature measuring instruments
- Read thermometers accurately
- Practice proper thermometer handling

- Identify different types of thermometers
- Practice reading temperature scales
- Measure temperatures of various substances
- Learn proper thermometer care

How do we measure temperature accurately?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 36
- Various thermometers
- Substances at different temperatures
- Master Integrated Science pg. 39
- Rulers, calipers, micrometers
- Objects for measurement

- Reading accuracy assessment - Handling skills evaluation - Care procedure check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Volume and weight measuring

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify volume measuring apparatus
- Use spring balances for weight measurement
- Practice accurate volume and weight measurements

- Use measuring cylinders and pipettes
- Practice with spring balances
- Measure volumes of liquids
- Determine weights of objects

How do we measure volume and weight in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 45
- Volume measuring apparatus
- Spring balances

- Volume measurement assessment - Weight determination evaluation - Apparatus usage check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Magnification tools and SI units
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Practical skills assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify magnification instruments
- Use microscopes and hand lenses
- Understand SI units for measurements

- Practice using hand lenses
- Learn microscope parts and functions
- Use microscopes to observe specimens
- Review all SI units covered

How do we see tiny objects and express measurements?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 49
- Microscopes and hand lenses
- SI unit reference charts
- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- All apparatus covered
- Assessment rubrics

- Microscope usage assessment - Magnification skills evaluation - SI unit application check

Scientific Investigation
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Review and consolidation
Mixtures - Components of Integrated Science as a field of study
Mixtures - Categorising mixtures as homogenous or heterogeneous
Mixtures - Solute, solvent and solution
Mixtures - Identifying solute, solvent and solution in mixtures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review all concepts covered in the strand
- Demonstrate understanding through assessment
- Appreciate the importance of scientific investigation

- Identify mixtures in the environment
- Categorise mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous
- Appreciate the importance of understanding different types of mixtures

- Review all sub-strand topics
- Complete comprehensive assessment
- Reflect on learning achievements
- Plan for future learning
- Take a walk in the school environment to identify mixtures
- Record different types of mixtures observed
- Use a table to categorise mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous

What have we learned about scientific investigation?
What makes a mixture homogeneous or heterogeneous?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- Review materials
- Assessment papers
Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Digital resources
- Internet access
Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Exercise books
- Environment for observation
Master Integrated Science pg. 74
- Salt and water
- Beakers and stirring rods
- Common salt
- Water
- Beakers
- Stirring rods

- Comprehensive written assessment - Reflection evaluation - Learning progress check
- Practical work - Observation - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by evaporation
Mixtures - Separation by crystallisation
Mixtures - Simple distillation setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the evaporation method of separation
- Demonstrate separation of salt solution using evaporation
- Appreciate the importance of evaporation in separation

- Prepare salt solution
- Set up apparatus for evaporation
- Heat the solution until crystals form
- Record observations and discuss results

How does evaporation help in separating mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 76
- Salt, water
- Evaporating dish
- Bunsen burner
- Tripod stand
Master Integrated Science pg. 78
- Salt, distilled water
- Filter paper and funnel
Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Distillation apparatus
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by simple distillation
Mixtures - Fractional distillation setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate simple distillation process
- Explain how simple distillation works
- Show interest in distillation methods

- Separate salt and water using simple distillation
- Observe temperature changes during heating
- Collect distillate and examine residue
- Record observations

How does simple distillation separate components of different boiling points?

Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Salt solution
- Complete distillation setup
- Thermometer
Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Fractional distillation apparatus
- Digital devices for research

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation schedule

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by fractional distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate fractional distillation process
- Explain separation of miscible liquids
- Show appreciation for advanced separation techniques

- Separate water and ethanol mixture using fractional distillation
- Monitor temperature changes
- Collect fractions at different temperatures
- Discuss applications

How are miscible liquids with close boiling points separated?

Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Water and ethanol mixture
- Complete fractional distillation setup

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by sublimation
Mixtures - Separation by solvent extraction
Mixtures - Separation by chromatography

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sublimation and deposition
- Demonstrate separation using sublimation
- Appreciate sublimation as a separation method

- Define paper chromatography
- Demonstrate chromatography technique
- Appreciate chromatography as an analytical tool

- Separate iodine from impurities using sublimation
- Observe purple vapour formation
- Collect pure iodine crystals on cool surfaces
- Discuss other substances that sublime
- Prepare filter paper strip
- Apply ink spot and dip in propanone
- Observe separation of ink components
- Measure distances travelled by components

How does sublimation help in purifying substances?
How does chromatography separate components of colored mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 84
- Impure iodine
- Evaporating dish
- Filter funnel
- Cotton wool
Master Integrated Science pg. 86
- Groundnuts or seeds
- Propanone
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper
Master Integrated Science pg. 88
- Black ink
- Filter paper
- Propanone
- Measuring cylinder

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions
- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Extended chromatography activity
Mixtures - Applications of separation methods in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply chromatography technique to different materials
- Explain solubility differences in separation
- Show interest in analytical chemistry

- Use different ink samples for chromatography
- Apply radial chromatography technique
- Compare results from different inks
- Discuss solubility and movement patterns

Why do different components move different distances in chromatography?

Master Integrated Science pg. 90
- Various pen inks
- Filter papers
- Propanone
- Droppers
Master Integrated Science pg. 92
- Digital devices
- Industrial application images
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Matching separation methods with applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Match separation methods with appropriate applications
- Explain choice of separation method for specific mixtures
- Show appreciation for scientific problem-solving

- Complete table matching activities with separation methods
- Discuss why specific methods are used for particular applications
- Analyze real-world separation scenarios

Which separation method is most suitable for a given mixture?

Master Integrated Science pg. 94
- Activity tables
- Course book
- Reference materials

- Written assignments - Assessment rubrics - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Review of separation methods
Mixtures - Assessment and application synthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize all separation methods learned
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
- Demonstrate understanding of separation principles

- Review all separation methods covered
- Create summary charts of separation techniques
- Discuss when to use each method
- Practice problem-solving with mixture separation

How do we choose the best separation method for a given situation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Summary charts
- Previous practical results
- Problem scenarios
- Assessment materials

- Written tests - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Introduction to acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Using litmus paper to identify acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define acids and bases
- Identify characteristics of acids and bases
- Show interest in learning about acids and bases

- Use litmus paper to test acids and bases
- Classify household solutions as acids or bases
- Appreciate the use of indicators in identification

- Brainstorm on acids and bases
- Discuss taste and texture of common substances
- Identify acidic and basic substances in daily life
- Share experiences with sour and bitter substances
- Test various household solutions with red and blue litmus papers
- Record color changes in a table
- Classify solutions as acids or bases
- Discuss results with classmates

What makes substances acidic or basic?
How do we use litmus paper to identify acids and bases?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95
- Common household items
- Course book
Master Integrated Science pg. 96
- Red and blue litmus papers
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Resource person on plant extract indicators
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Preparing indicators from plant extracts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of plant extracts as indicators
- Identify plants suitable for indicator preparation
- Show appreciation for natural indicators

- Listen to resource person on plant extract indicators
- Ask questions for clarification
- Write notes on key points discussed
- Discuss applications of natural indicators

Why can some plants be used as acid-base indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Resource person
- Note-taking materials
- Plant flowers
- Ethanol
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper

- Observation - Oral questions - Note-taking assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Alternative plant extract preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare indicators using red cabbage or beetroot
- Compare different plant extract indicators
- Appreciate variety in natural indicators

- Use red cabbage or beetroot to prepare indicators
- Follow extraction procedure with ethanol
- Compare color intensity with flower extracts
- Dispose of waste materials safely

Which plants give the best natural indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Red cabbage or beetroot
- Ethanol
- Extraction apparatus

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Testing solutions with plant extract indicators
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of acids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use plant extract indicators to test solutions
- Classify solutions as acidic or basic using natural indicators
- Show appreciation for natural indicator effectiveness

- Test various household solutions with plant extract indicators
- Record color changes observed
- Complete classification table
- Compare results with litmus paper tests

How effective are plant extract indicators compared to litmus paper?

Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Plant extract indicators
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes
- Droppers
Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Lemon juice
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Solubility of acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Electrical conductivity of acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of bases
- Compare properties of bases with acids
- Appreciate differences between acids and bases

- Investigate solubility of acids and bases in water
- Explain formation of homogeneous mixtures
- Show understanding of solution formation

- Observe appearance of baking powder solution
- Test texture and smell safely
- Test with litmus papers
- Compare with acidic solution properties
- Record comparative observations
- Add water to lemon juice and observe mixing
- Add water to baking powder solution and observe
- Discuss formation of homogeneous solutions
- Compare solubility characteristics

How do physical properties of bases differ from acids?
Why do acids and bases dissolve in water?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Baking powder solution
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers
- Comparison tables
Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Acidic and basic solutions
- Water
- Test tubes
- Observation sheets
- Battery and bulb setup
- Connecting wires
- Metal rods

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Comparative analysis
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of acids in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of acids in food, industry, and medicine
- Explain applications of acids in various sectors
- Appreciate importance of acids in society

- Use digital devices to research acid applications
- Study images of acid uses in various industries
- Discuss food preservation using acids
- Explore medicinal uses of acids

How are acids useful in our daily lives?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Digital devices
- Application images
- Reference materials

- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of bases in daily life
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of indicators in various sectors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of bases in cooking, cleaning, and medicine
- Explain applications of bases in agriculture
- Show appreciation for base applications

- Discuss baking soda uses in cooking
- Explore cleaning applications of bases
- Research medicinal uses of antacids
- Study soil treatment with bases

What important roles do bases play in our lives?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household base products
- Digital resources
- Application examples
- Test strips examples
- Laboratory indicators

- Observation - Research activities - Oral presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Reading product labels for acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify acidic and basic ingredients in household products
- Read and interpret product labels
- Show awareness of chemical content in daily products

- Collect household product containers
- Read ingredient labels carefully
- Identify acidic and basic components
- Create classification table of products
- Discuss findings with classmates

What acidic and basic substances are found in household products?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household product containers
- Label reading worksheets
- Classification tables

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Label interpretation skills

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in food and cooking
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in agriculture
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in medicine and health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of acids and bases in food preparation
- Identify preservative and flavoring applications
- Appreciate chemical processes in cooking

- Explain soil pH management using acids and bases
- Identify fertilizer applications
- Show understanding of agricultural chemistry

- Study food preservatives containing acids
- Explore baking powder use in cooking
- Discuss vinegar applications in food
- Analyze food flavoring with citric acid
- Discuss soil acidity testing
- Explore lime application to neutralize acidic soils
- Study fertilizer use in farming
- Connect with Agriculture and Nutrition concepts

How do acids and bases contribute to food preparation and preservation?
How do farmers use acids and bases to improve soil quality?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Food product examples
- Cooking ingredients
- Preservative labels
Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Soil testing materials
- Agricultural examples
- pH testing demonstrations
- Medicine examples
- Antacid products
- Medical application research

- Observation - Practical demonstrations - Oral questions
- Practical demonstrations - Assessment rubrics - Cross-curricular connections

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in cleaning and industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain cleaning applications of acids and bases
- Identify industrial uses of acids and bases
- Show appreciation for chemical solutions in industry

- Study toilet cleaners containing acids
- Explore soap and detergent base content
- Discuss car battery acid applications
- Research industrial acid and base uses

What roles do acids and bases play in cleaning and industrial processes?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Cleaning product examples
- Industrial application images
- Safety material examples

- Practical demonstrations - Assessment rubrics - Industrial application analysis

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Review and synthesis of concepts
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Problem-solving with acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Integration and future applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about acids, bases, and indicators
- Compare different identification methods
- Demonstrate comprehensive understanding

- Review acid and base definitions
- Compare litmus and plant extract indicators
- Summarize physical properties
- Create concept maps of applications

How do all the concepts about acids, bases, and indicators connect?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95-105
- Review materials
- Concept mapping resources
- Unknown solution samples
- Various indicators
- Problem scenarios
- Career information resources
- Future learning pathways

- Written tests - Assessment rubrics - Concept mapping