NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Human Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify human activities on topographical maps
-Describe how human activities are represented on topographical maps
-Appreciate the representation of human activities on topographical maps

- Learners study various map symbols and identify the human activities they represent
-Learners examine topographical map extracts to identify human activities
-In groups, learners discuss how human activities are represented on topographical maps

Why are topographical maps important?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 67
-Topographical map extracts
-Topographical map symbols
-Digital devices

- Oral questions -Written assignments -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Human Activities on Maps
Topographical Maps - Enlarging Maps
Topographical Maps - Reducing Maps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Analyze human activities on different topographical maps
-Describe how forestry and trading activities are represented on maps
-Value the importance of representing human activities on maps

- Learners study topographical map extracts of Oyugis and Kijabe
-In pairs, learners identify and describe human activities shown on the maps
-Learners discuss the ways human activities can be represented on topographical maps

How are human activities represented on topographical maps?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
-Topographical map extracts
-Chart paper
-Drawing materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 70
-Rulers
-Graph paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 71

- Oral questions -Written tests -Group presentations

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Cross-sections
Topographical Maps - Cross-sections with Human Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the procedure for drawing cross-sections from topographical maps
-Illustrate cross-sections from topographical maps
-Appreciate the use of cross-sections in representing landforms

- Learners study the steps followed in drawing a cross-section from a topographical map
-Learners identify contours and heights on topographical maps
-Learners practice drawing cross-sections showing physical features

How do we draw cross-sections from topographical maps?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
-Topographical map extracts
-Graph paper
-Straight edge papers
-Drawing materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 73
-Digital devices

- Practical assessment -Cross-section evaluation -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Practical Applications
Topographical Maps - Representation of Activities
Internal Land Forming Processes - Earth Movements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw sketch maps of local areas showing human activities
-Enlarge and reduce sections of sketch maps
-Apply mapping skills in real-life situations

- Learners draw sketch maps of the area around their school
-Learners identify parts of the sketch map to enlarge and reduce
-Learners practice enlarging and reducing selected parts of their sketch maps

How can we apply topographical map skills in real life?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 74
-Local area map
-Drawing materials
-Graph paper
-Rulers
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
-Topographical maps
-Library resources
-Survey office resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
-Blocks of wood
-Pictures of landforms
-Marker pens
-Digital resources

- Sketch map evaluation -Practical assessment -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Horizontal Earth Movements
Internal Land Forming Processes - Vertical Earth Movements
Internal Land Forming Processes - Causes of Earth Movements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe horizontal earth movements
-Explain how tensional, compressional, and shear forces affect crustal rocks
-Appreciate how horizontal movements shape the landscape

- Learners study diagrams showing forces causing horizontal movements of crustal rocks
-Learners discuss what happens to crustal rocks when subjected to different forces
-Learners identify natural environments formed as a result of horizontal earth movements

What causes horizontal earth movements?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80
-Diagrams of earth movements
-Clay or plasticine
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 83
-Diagrams showing causes of earth movements
-Drawing materials

- Oral questions -Demonstrations -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Continental Drift Theory
Internal Land Forming Processes - Plate Tectonics Theory

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the theory of continental drift
-Describe the formation of continents according to continental drift theory
-Appreciate the contribution of Alfred Wegener to understanding of earth's structure

- Learners use digital or print resources to research on the continental drift theory
-Learners discuss the super-continent Pangea and its subsequent breakup
-Learners complete a flow chart on the continental drift theory

How did the continents form according to the continental drift theory?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 85
-Digital resources
-Flow charts
-Drawing materials
-World maps
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 86
-World map showing major plates
-Cardboard or manila paper

- Oral questions -Flow chart evaluation -Written tests

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Formation of Rift Valley
Internal Land Forming Processes - Formation of Block Mountains
Internal Land Forming Processes - Formation of Tilt Blocks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the formation of Rift Valley by tensional forces
-Illustrate the formation of Rift Valley
-Appreciate the role of faulting in the formation of Rift Valley

- Learners study diagrams showing the formation of Rift Valley by tensional forces
-Learners draw diagrams showing the stages in the formation of Rift Valley
-Learners discuss how Rift Valley is formed by tensional forces

How is the Rift Valley formed by tensional forces?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 88
-Diagrams showing formation of Rift Valley
-Drawing materials
-Clay or plasticine
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 89
-Old carton boxes
-Manila papers
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 90
-Diagrams showing formation of tilt blocks

- Oral questions -Diagram evaluation -Written tests

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Formation of Escarpments
Internal Land Forming Processes - Types of Faults
Internal Land Forming Processes - Effects of Faulting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the formation of escarpments
-Illustrate the formation of escarpments
-Appreciate the role of faulting in the formation of escarpments

- Learners study diagrams showing the formation of escarpments
-Learners discuss how tensional forces create parallel faults leading to escarpment formation
-Learners illustrate the formation of escarpments in their notebooks

How are escarpments formed?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 90
-Diagrams showing formation of escarpments
-Drawing materials
-Clay or plasticine
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 91
-Wooden blocks
-Digital devices
-Video clips
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 92
-Digital resources
-Research materials
-Role play materials

- Oral questions -Illustration assessment -Written tests

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Landscape and Human Activities
Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the landscape in their locality
-Explain how the landscape affects human activities
-Create awareness on conservation of features formed by faulting

- Learners discuss how the landscape in their locality affects human activities
-Learners create posters or charts on the conservation of features formed as a result of faulting
-Learners take walks in their locality to identify the shape of the landscape

How does the landscape influence human activities in our locality?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 93
-Local environment
-Poster materials
-Chart paper
-Drawing materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
-Map of Africa
-Digital devices
-Pictures of dams

- Oral questions -Poster evaluation -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - River Tana Projects
Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Aswan High Dam
Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Economic Importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Outline the conditions that led to the establishment of multi-purpose river projects along River Tana
-Explain how these conditions favored the establishment of the project
-Value the importance of considering various factors before establishing river projects

- Learners study a map of Africa showing the location of River Tana Development project
-Learners draw or trace the map of Africa and locate the River Tana Development Project
-In pairs, learners discuss the conditions that led to the establishment of the multi-purpose river project along River Tana

What conditions led to the establishment of River Tana Projects?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
-Map of Africa
-Drawing materials
-Digital resources
-Pictures of River Tana
-Pictures of Aswan High Dam
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
-Pictures of river projects
-Chart paper

- Oral questions -Map work evaluation -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Challenges
Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Solutions to Challenges
Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Importance to Society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Assess challenges facing multi-purpose river projects in Africa
-Explain how factors like flooding, siltation, drought affect river projects
-Recognize the need to address challenges facing river projects

- Learners discuss what happens to local communities when governments plan to build dams
-Learners explain the effects of flooding, siltation, and drought on dams
-In pairs, learners identify challenges facing River Tana Projects and Aswan High Dam

What challenges face multi-purpose river projects in Africa?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 100
-Digital resources
-Chart paper
-Pictures showing challenges
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
-Pictures of dredgers
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 102
-Speech writing materials

- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group presentations

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Distinction
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Degradation Factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Distinguish between management of the environment and conservation of the environment
-Explain the key differences between management and conservation
-Appreciate the importance of both management and conservation

- Learners study pictures showing management and conservation of the environment
-In groups, learners distinguish between management of the environment and conservation of the environment
-Learners discuss key differences and write them in their notebooks

Why is it important to conserve degraded environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 105
-Pictures showing environmental management and conservation
-Digital resources
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
-Pictures showing environmental degradation

- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group presentations

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Effects of Degradation
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Conservation Measures
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Practical Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the effects of environmental degradation in the community
-Explain how degradation affects health, biodiversity, and economy
-Recognize the far-reaching consequences of environmental degradation

- Learners study pictures showing effects of environmental degradation
-Learners discuss how environmental degradation affects health, biodiversity, and economic stability
-Learners complete a table showing effects of environmental degradation

What are the effects of environmental degradation on the community?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
-Pictures showing effects of degradation
-Digital resources
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
-Pictures of conservation measures
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110
-Local materials for dustbins
-Tree seedlings
-Gardening tools

- Oral questions -Table completion assessment -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Project Planning
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Identification
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Cultural Heritage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plan for environmental conservation projects
-Identify environmental issues in the community
-Appreciate the importance of managing and conserving the environment

- Learners plan for projects on environmental issues like waste management, tree planting, pollution control, or soil conservation
-Learners identify specific actions to take in the school neighborhood
-Learners create posters to inform community members on proper environmental management

How can we implement environmental conservation projects?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 111
-Project planning materials
-Poster materials
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112
-Map of Africa
-Pictures of heritage sites
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
-Song composition materials

- Project plan evaluation -Poster assessment -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

World Heritage Sites in Africa - Conservation Measures
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Conservation Strategies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Design measures to conserve the selected world heritage sites
-Explain how heritage sites can be preserved
-Appreciate efforts to conserve heritage sites

- Learners plan a field visit to a nearby heritage site or invite a resource person
-Learners find out measures used to conserve heritage sites
-Learners conduct clean-up sessions around heritage sites or plant seedlings

What measures can we take to conserve heritage sites?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 114
-Digital resources
-Field visit materials
-Clean-up materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
-Poster materials
-Chart paper

- Oral questions -Field report evaluation -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

World Heritage Sites in Africa - Global Significance
The Constitution of Kenya - Stages in Constitution-Making
The Constitution of Kenya - Stages Arrangement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Recognize the global significance of Africa's world heritage sites
-Explain how heritage sites contribute to global understanding
-Appreciate Africa's contribution to world heritage

- Learners make cards about different world heritage sites in Africa
-Learners display the cards at the Social Studies corner
-Learners discuss the global significance of Africa's heritage sites

What is the global significance of Africa's heritage sites?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
-Card making materials
-Digital resources
-Pictures of heritage sites
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 118
-Digital devices
-Pictures of constitution-making process
-The Constitution of Kenya
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
-Poster materials

- Card evaluation -Oral questions -Written assignments

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

The Constitution of Kenya - Importance of Understanding
The Constitution of Kenya - Role of Parliament
The Constitution of Kenya - Role of Citizens

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain why it is important to understand the constitution-making process
-Discuss various stages in the constitution-making process
-Appreciate the value of understanding constitutional processes

- Learners share with classmates reasons why it is important to understand the constitution-making process
-Learners ask each other to name the various stages in the constitution-making process
-Learners explain each stage of the constitution-making process

Why should citizens understand the constitution-making process?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
-Digital devices
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Resource person
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
-Video clips
-Pictures of parliamentary sessions
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122
-Pictures of citizens' participation

- Oral questions -Peer assessment -Written assignments

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

The Constitution of Kenya - Citizen Participation
The Constitution of Kenya - Participating in Process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Debate on the role of citizens in the constitution-making process
-Create charts on the role of citizens in constitution-making
-Value active citizenship in democratic processes

- Learners debate on the role of citizens in the constitution-making process
-Learners create charts on the role of citizens in the constitution-making process
-Learners display their charts in the classroom

What responsibilities do citizens have in constitution-making?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123
-Chart materials
-Digital devices
-Debate materials
-Role-play materials
-The Constitution of Kenya

- Debate evaluation -Chart assessment -Observation

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

The Constitution of Kenya - Class Constitution
The Constitution of Kenya - Defending the Constitution
Civic Engagement - Individual Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plan for a class constitution-making session
-Discuss class rules to be followed by members
-Value the importance of consensual rule-making

- Learners plan for a class constitution-making session
-Learners discuss class rules that will be followed by members of the class
-Learners display the new class rules on the school noticeboard

How can we apply constitution-making principles in our class?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
-Writing materials
-Chart paper
-Display board
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital devices
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
-Slogans on civic engagement

- Process evaluation -Rules assessment -Observation

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Civic Engagement - Collective Activities
Civic Engagement - Creating Awareness
Civic Engagement - Political Parties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify collective civic engagement activities in Kenya
-Explain how collective activities promote democracy
-Value collaborative efforts in civic participation

- Learners study pictures showing collective civic engagement activities
-Learners discuss how activities like voting, maintaining peace, and seeking justice promote democracy
-Learners write points in their notebooks

How can citizens collectively engage in civic activities?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 126
-Pictures of civic activities
-Digital devices
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
-Poster materials
-Internet resources
-Civic journals
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
-Newspapers
-Political party manifestos

- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group discussions

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Civic Engagement - Democratic Governance
Civic Engagement - Elective Positions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Debate on the role of political parties in democratic governance
-Analyze successes and failures of political parties
-Value the importance of objective analysis

- Learners debate on the motion: "Political parties have failed to promote democratic governance in Kenya"
-Learners identify highlights of the role of political parties in democratic governance
-Learners document key points from the debate

Do political parties enhance or hinder democratic governance?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 129
-Debate materials
-Digital devices
-Political party information
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
-Pictures of ballot boxes
-Newspaper articles

- Debate evaluation -Oral questions -Documentation quality

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Civic Engagement - Electoral Positions
Civic Engagement - School Elections
Civic Engagement - Promoting Values

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Complete diagrams showing various elective positions in Kenya
-Explain the roles of different elective positions
-Value the democratic electoral system

- Learners complete diagrams showing various elective positions in Kenya
-Learners discuss the roles of different elected officials
-Learners file completed diagrams in their portfolios

How are elective positions structured in Kenya?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
-Diagram templates
-Digital devices
-The Constitution of Kenya
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
-Election materials
-Ballot boxes
-Campaign materials
-Poem composition materials
-Community resources

- Diagram completion assessment -Oral questions -Portfolio review

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Understanding
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Research
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Special Groups

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore Kenya's Bill of Rights for mutual social well-being
-Identify human rights and freedoms in the Constitution
-Appreciate the importance of the Bill of Rights

- Learners look at the Constitution of Kenya and identify Chapter Four
-Learners study pictures showing different human rights and freedoms
-Learners identify human rights and freedoms shown in the pictures

How can we protect the special groups in the community?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 133
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Pictures showing human rights
-Digital devices
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 135
-Pictures of special groups

- Oral questions -Rights identification assessment -Written assignments

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Protection of Special Groups
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Discuss how to protect special groups in the community
-Identify specific rights for each special group
-Value social justice and inclusivity

- Learners discuss how to protect special groups in the community
-Learners identify specific rights for elderly, refugees, and migrants
-Learners present their points in class

How can we promote social justice and inclusivity for special groups?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 136
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital devices
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 137
-Case studies

- Oral questions -Presentation assessment -Written assignments

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Assertiveness
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Empathy for Special Groups
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Strategies for Protection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Develop assertiveness necessary in standing up for human rights
-Role play situations demonstrating assertiveness
-Value the importance of standing up for rights

- Learners role play situations that bring out assertiveness in standing up for human rights
-Learners compose poems or songs that bring out assertiveness in standing up for human rights
-Learners create declarations to stand up for human rights

How can we develop assertiveness in defending human rights?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138
-Role play materials
-Digital devices
-Song/poem composition materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139
-Pictures showing empathy
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140
-Table templates
-The Constitution of Kenya

- Role play assessment -Song/poem evaluation -Declaration quality

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Practical Application
Cultural Globalisation - Global Recognition
Cultural Globalisation - Kenyan Cultural Items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify values that promote human rights
-Explain how these values promote respect for human rights
-Embrace respect for human rights in society

- Learners identify values from a "fruit tree" that promote human rights
-Learners explain how the values picked promote respect for human rights in society
-Learners visit nearby homes for the elderly to learn about human rights promotion

How do values translate into human rights protection?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141
-Human rights "fruit tree" diagram
-Digital devices
-Nearby homes for elderly
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142
-Pictures of Kenyan cultural items
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 143
-Pictures of cultural items
-Cultural artifacts

- Oral questions -Value explanation assessment -Visit reports

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Cultural Globalisation - African Cultural Practices
Cultural Globalisation - African Philosophies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine African cultural practices in promoting a common humanity
-Identify practices that enhance cultural globalisation
-Appreciate how cultural practices promote common humanity

- Learners study pictures showing African cultural practices
-Learners examine how the practices enhance cultural globalisation and common humanity
-Learners discuss how they promote humanity in school, home, and community

How do African cultural practices promote common humanity?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144
-Pictures of cultural practices
-Digital devices
-Cultural artifacts
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145
-Research materials
-Cultural information

- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group discussions

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Cultural Globalisation - Cultural Preservation
Cultural Globalisation - Healthy Relationships
Cultural Globalisation - Speeches on Cultural Relationships
Cultural Globalisation - Global Citizenship
Cultural Globalisation - International Cultural Exchange

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore ways of preserving cultural elements that promotes global citizenship
-Plan for preservation of cultural elements
-Value the importance of cultural preservation

- Learners visit local cultural centers with teacher guidance
-Learners prepare materials to preserve cultural elements that promote global citizenship
-Learners establish cultural museum centers in class

How can we preserve cultural elements that promote global citizenship?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 146
-Cultural preservation materials
-Digital devices
-Local cultural centers
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147
-Pictures of cultural activities
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 148
-Speech texts
-Chart materials
-Research materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149
-Road map diagrams
-Poster materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 150
-Debate materials
-Documentation materials

- Oral questions -Museum quality assessment -Participation observation