Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Features of a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define plain scale drawing
- Identify features of a plain scale used in drawing
- Appreciate the importance of plain scales in drawing

- Use print or digital media to search for information on plain scales
- Discuss the features of a plain scale
- Draw and label the features of a plain scale
- Create charts showing different plain scales

What are the features of a plain scale?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 41
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Digital devices
- Charts showing plain scales

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Constructing a plain scale
Plain Scale Drawing - Interpreting a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of constructing a plain scale
- Demonstrate how to construct a plain scale
- Show interest in scale drawing

- Use drawing instruments to construct a plain scale
- Follow step-by-step instructions for constructing plain scales
- Practice constructing plain scales with different representative fractions
- Share and evaluate constructed plain scales

How is a plain scale constructed?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 41
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain papers
- Charts showing construction steps
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 43
- Plain scales
- Measurement problems

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing plane figures to scale
Plain Scale Drawing - Applications of scale drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert actual measurements to drawing measurements using a given scale
- Draw plane figures according to a given scale
- Show accuracy in scale drawing

- Use visual aids to identify drawings drawn to different scales
- Practice drawing plane figures to a given plain scale
- Calculate drawing dimensions from actual dimensions using representative fractions
- Create scale drawings of simple objects

How do we convert actual measurements to drawing measurements?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 45
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain papers
- Rulers and calculators
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 48
- Examples of scale drawings

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Calculation accuracy - Practical demonstration

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Use of plain scale drawing in work environment
Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the uses of plain scale drawing in a work environment
- Identify professions that utilize scale drawing
- Value the importance of scale drawing in various industries

- Discuss the uses of plain scale drawing in the work environment
- Analyze examples of scale drawings used in different industries
- Research and present on how different professions use scale drawing
- Create presentations on the importance of scale drawing

How is plain scale drawing used in various work environments?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 49
- Drawing instruments
- Examples of professional scale drawings
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 51
- Pictures of visual programming environments

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Research evaluation

Communication

Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications
Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of visual programming applications used in day-to-day life
- Classify visual programming applications based on their purpose
- Appreciate the diversity of visual programming applications

- Use available resources to search for information on types of visual programming applications (Educational, Multimedia, Video games)
- Categorize visual programming applications based on their purpose
- Create presentations on different types of visual programming applications
- Discuss the uses of different visual programming applications

What types of visual programming applications are commonly used?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 52
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Examples of visual programming applications
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 54
- Icons of visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Research evaluation

Communication

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of visual programming applications
- Categorize features based on their function
- Value the user-friendly nature of visual programming applications

- Launch and discuss the different features of visual programming applications
- Identify features such as input, processing, output, and effects
- Categorize features based on their function
- Create presentations on the features of visual programming applications

What features make visual programming applications user-friendly?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Input features in visual programming
Visual Programming - Terminologies used in visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features in visual programming applications
- Demonstrate how to use input features
- Show confidence in using input features

- Open the scratch application and explore input features
- Use the "Ask command" from the sensing blocks
- Demonstrate how to input different types of data
- Create simple programs using input features

How do input features work in visual programming applications?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 56
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Programming glossaries

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Program assessment - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Sequence statements in programming
Visual Programming - Variables in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Appreciate the importance of proper sequencing in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Test and debug sequence-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why is the correct sequence important in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Repeating statements in programming
Visual Programming - Selection statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements
- Appreciate the efficiency of using loops in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements such as "forever," "repeat until," and "repeat n times"
- Test and debug loop-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why are repeating statements essential in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating a simple animation (Cat walking)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a simple animation program
- Create an animation of a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Show creativity in programming animations

- Follow guided steps to open a new project in Scratch
- Create a program that animates a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Test and debug the animation program
- Share and evaluate created animations

How can we create simple animations using visual programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating an animation (Flying bat)
Visual Programming - Creating an animation with user interaction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a complex animation program
- Create an animation of a flying bat
- Show creativity and problem-solving skills in programming

- Follow guided steps to create a new project in Scratch
- Select appropriate backgrounds and sprites for a flying bat animation
- Create a program that animates a bat flying
- Test and debug the animation program

How can we create more complex animations with multiple elements?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Visual programming applications

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication
Entrepreneurship

Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming
Bookkeeping - Importance of bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Identify applications of visual programming in different fields
- Value the role of visual programming in problem-solving

- Discuss on the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Research and present on applications of visual programming in education, entertainment, and other fields
- Debate on the impact of visual programming on learning and creativity
- Create presentations on the future of visual programming

How has visual programming transformed problem-solving and creativity?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Case studies on visual programming applications
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 114
- Charts on importance of bookkeeping

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Debate participation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Assets, liabilities and capital
Bookkeeping - Bookkeeping equation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define assets, liabilities and capital
- Identify examples of assets, liabilities and capital
- Appreciate the importance of differentiating business components

- Search for the meaning of assets, liabilities and capital using digital devices or textbooks
- Identify assets shown in pictures
- Discuss examples of liabilities and capital
- Present findings to other groups

What is the difference between assets, liabilities, and capital?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 115
- Pictures of business assets
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 119
- Calculators
- Charts showing bookkeeping equation
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Written test - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Business transactions
Bookkeeping - Cost and price of a product

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parties involved in business transactions
- Distinguish between cash and credit transactions
- Value honesty in business dealings

- List items bought and identify buyers and sellers
- Read and analyze a case study on business transactions
- Discuss differences between cash and credit transactions

What types of transactions occur in a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 122
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 126
- Calculators
- Charts on profit calculation
- Examples of business transactions

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Statement of financial position

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a statement of financial position
- Identify components of a statement of financial position
- Show interest in financial statements

- Discuss the components of a statement of financial position
- Study a sample statement of financial position
- Identify assets, liabilities and capital in the statement

How does a statement of financial position show a business's health?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 128
- Sample financial statements
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Question and answer - Written test - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Preparing a statement of financial position
Bookkeeping - Cash flow statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Organize financial data into appropriate categories
- Prepare a simple statement of financial position
- Value accuracy in financial reporting

- Study a sample statement of financial position
- Practice preparing statements of financial position from given information
- Present work for review and discussion

How is a statement of financial position prepared?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 129
- Sample financial statements
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 130
- Sample cash flow statements
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Question and answer - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Preparing a cash flow statement
Bookkeeping - Income statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate net cash flow from business operations
- Prepare a simple cash flow statement
- Value the importance of tracking cash movement

- Study a sample cash flow statement
- Follow step-by-step instructions to prepare a cash flow statement
- Calculate net movement in cash
- Compare opening and closing cash balances

How is a cash flow statement prepared?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 131
- Sample cash flow statements
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 133
- Sample income statements
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Calculation exercises - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Preparing an income statement
Bookkeeping - Importance of financial records

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate gross profit and net profit
- Prepare a simple income statement
- Value accuracy in profit calculation

- Study a sample income statement
- Follow step-by-step instructions to prepare an income statement
- Calculate gross profit and net profit
- Present work for review and discussion

How is an income statement prepared?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 134
- Sample income statements
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 135
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Calculation exercises - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Sources of income

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term 'income'
- Identify various sources of income for an individual
- Appreciate the importance of multiple income streams

- Search for the meaning of income using digital devices or textbooks
- Study examples of individuals with different income sources
- Identify the sources of income for each individual
- Discuss the meaning of 'sources of income'

What are the different ways people can earn income?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 137
- Charts showing sources of income
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing income-generating activities

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Types of income sources
Income and Budgeting - Importance of budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Categorize different sources of income
- Explain various income types like salary, business, investment
- Show interest in understanding income sources

- Study a chart showing various sources of income
- Discuss the meaning of various income sources
- Categorize income sources as active or passive
- Present findings to classmates

How can income sources be categorized?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 138
- Charts on income sources
- Digital devices
- Pictures
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 139
- Charts on importance of budgeting
- Case studies

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Ways of spending money wisely
Income and Budgeting - Preparing a simple budget

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of spending money wisely
- Explain the concept of needs versus wants
- Show responsibility in personal financial management

- Study a poster with tips on spending money wisely
- Discuss what they have learned from the tips
- Identify other ways of spending money wisely
- Create quotes on spending money wisely

How can we spend money wisely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 142
- Posters on wise spending
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 143
- Sample budget templates
- Calculators

- Question and answer - Creative writing assessment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Income allocation in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Budget tracking and adjustment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze different categories of expenses in a budget
- Allocate income to different expense categories
- Show responsibility in financial allocation

- Study different categories of expenses (needs, wants, savings)
- Discuss appropriate percentage allocation for each category
- Practice allocating a given amount to different budget categories
- Share and justify allocation decisions

How should income be allocated in a budget?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget allocation charts
- Calculators
- Sample budgets
- Budget tracking templates
- Case studies
- Digital devices

- Practical assessment - Question and answer - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Ethical practices in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Unethical practices in budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ethics and ethical practices
- Identify ethical practices in budgeting
- Value honesty and transparency in financial matters

- Discuss the meaning of ethics and ethical practices
- Read a case study about a community group making a budget
- Identify ethical practices that should be followed when budgeting

What are the ethical issues in income and budgeting?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 144
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 145
- Internet connectivity

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Financial planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of financial planning
- Discuss the importance of financial planning in income management
- Value long-term financial thinking

- Read a story about financial planning
- Discuss how financial planning helped the character
- Identify the importance of financial planning
- Share examples of financial planning from their experiences

How does financial planning help in income management?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 146
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Setting financial goals
Marketing Goods and Services - Importance of marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify short-term and long-term financial goals
- Set SMART financial goals
- Appreciate the importance of goal-setting in financial management

- Discuss the difference between short-term and long-term financial goals
- Learn about SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound)
- Set personal financial goals following the SMART framework
- Share goals with classmates for feedback

Why is goal-setting important in financial management?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Goal-setting templates
- Case studies
- Charts on SMART goals
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 147
- Pictures showing marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Written assignment - Peer assessment - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Elements of marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Sources of market information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the key elements of marketing (advertising, selling, delivery)
- Explain how each element contributes to successful marketing
- Show interest in understanding marketing processes

- Discuss the three main elements of marketing: advertising, selling, and delivery
- Study examples of each element in real businesses
- Create a diagram showing how these elements work together
- Present diagrams to classmates

What are the key elements of effective marketing?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Marketing diagrams
- Pictures of marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 150
- Newspaper articles
- Internet connectivity

- Diagram assessment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Consumer behavior
Marketing Goods and Services - Factors for market selection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what influences consumer buying decisions
- Identify factors that affect consumer preferences
- Value the importance of understanding customers

- Discuss factors that influence buying decisions (price, quality, trends)
- Analyze personal buying decisions and what influenced them
- Conduct simple surveys about consumer preferences
- Share findings with classmates

What factors influence consumer buying decisions?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Survey templates
- Digital devices
- Charts on consumer behavior
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 152
- Case studies
- Charts

- Survey project assessment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Tools for marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ICT tools used for marketing goods and services
- Explain how these tools are used in marketing
- Show interest in modern marketing methods

- Use digital devices to search for information on ICT applications used for marketing
- Discuss how social media platforms are used for marketing
- Prepare a chart showing different marketing tools and their uses

How do businesses use technology to market their products?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 153
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on marketing tools

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Suitable markets
Marketing Goods and Services - Ethics in marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify suitable markets for different goods and services
- Match products to appropriate market segments
- Value strategic thinking in marketing

- Brainstorm on suitable markets for different goods and services
- Discuss factors that make a market suitable for specific products
- Present findings to classmates

How do businesses identify suitable markets for their products?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 154
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pictures of different products
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 155
- Case studies

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Saving and Investment - Reasons for saving
Saving and Investment - Methods of saving

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define saving and investment
- Explain the reasons for saving and investment
- Value the importance of saving for future needs

- Discuss and present the meaning of saving and investment
- Brainstorm on reasons for saving and investment
- Share experiences on the benefits of saving

Why is saving and investing important?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Charts on saving and investment
- Digital devices
- Case studies
- Materials for making money boxes
- Charts

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Saving and Investment - Methods of investment
Saving and Investment - Preparing a saving plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different methods of investment
- Explain the advantages of different investment methods
- Value long-term financial planning

- Use digital devices to search for information on investment methods
- Discuss different investment options such as shares, bonds, real estate
- Compare different investment methods based on risk and return

What factors should be considered when choosing an investment?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on investment options
- Sample saving plans
- Calculators
- Charts

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Saving and Investment - Preparing an investment plan
Saving and Investment - Ethical practices
Saving and Investment - Unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of an investment plan
- Prepare a simple investment plan
- Value strategic financial planning

- Study sample investment plans
- Identify key components of an investment plan
- Prepare a simple investment plan
- Present investment plans to classmates for feedback

What should be included in an investment plan?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Sample investment plans
- Calculators
- Charts
- Case studies
- Digital devices

- Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignment