Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Historical Information - Sources of historical information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various sources of historical information in society
- Categorize different sources of historical information
- Appreciate the importance of preserving historical information

- Match pictures in column A with their correct description in column B
- Identify sources of historical information they know about
- Discuss other sources of historical information
- Share findings with the rest of the class

How significant are sources of historical information in understanding past human accounts?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 65
- Pictures of historical sources
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Historical Information - Classification of sources
Historical Information - Primary and secondary sources
Historical Information - Preservation of historical sources
Historical Development of Agriculture - Areas of early agriculture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify sources of historical information
- Examine the importance of different historical sources
- Value the role of historical sources in preserving information

- Use digital or print resources to search for different sources of historical information
- Complete a table classifying sources as written, electronic, or unwritten sources
- Discuss the various sources of historical information listed in the table
- Present findings to the rest of the class

How significant are sources of historical information in understanding past human accounts?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 66
- Digital resources
- Print media
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 66-67
- Manila papers
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 68
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 70-71
- Map of Africa
- Atlas

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Historical Development of Agriculture - Crops and animals
Historical Development of Agriculture - Factors favoring agriculture
Historical Development of Agriculture - Contribution of Nile Valley

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify crops grown during early agriculture in Africa
- Identify animals kept during early agriculture in Africa
- Value the contribution of early agriculture to development

- Observe pictures showing crops that were grown during early agriculture
- Name the crops shown in the pictures
- Identify crops that were grown in Egypt, Nubia, and Eastern Rift Valley
- Observe pictures showing animals that were kept during early agriculture
- Identify animals that were kept in Egypt, Nubia, and Eastern Rift Valley

How did agriculture begin in Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 71-73
- Pictures of crops and animals
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 73-74
- Print media
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 74-75

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - Position of Africa
Maps and map work - Latitudes and longitudes
Maps and map work - Locating places using coordinates
Maps and map work - Calculating time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the position, shape, and size of Africa
- Locate Africa on a world map
- Appreciate Africa's unique geographical features

- Brainstorm on what a map, region, and continent are
- Research the position, shape, and size of Africa
- Study a world map and identify continents neighboring Africa
- Name oceans surrounding Africa
- Compare the size of Africa with other continents
- Discuss the shape of Africa

How are maps used?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 77-78
- World map
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 78-80
- Maps with grid coordinates
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80-81
- Maps with coordinates
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81-82
- Maps showing time zones

- Observation - Oral questions - Map work

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - Time calculations practice
Maps and map work - African features
Maps and map work - Appreciation of African features

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate time differences between locations
- Apply formulas for time calculation
- Value the importance of time calculations for global interactions

- Practice calculating local time when given reference locations
- Solve problems like: "What is the local time at Kinshasa 15°E when the local time at Malindi 40°E is 12.00 noon?"
- Apply the rule that locations east gain time, while locations west lose time
- Share calculations with the class

How do longitude differences affect time?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 82-83
- Maps showing longitudes
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 83-84
- Pictures of African features
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 84
- Creative writing materials

- Observation - Calculation exercises - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Earth and the Solar System - Origin of Earth
Earth and the Solar System - Earth characteristics
Earth and the Solar System - Rotation and revolution
Earth and the Solar System - Internal structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the origin of the earth
- Compare different theories of earth's origin
- Show interest in learning about earth's formation

- Read stories about the origin of earth
- Share stories of the origin of the earth from their communities
- Research how the earth was formed according to different theories (Creation theory, Nebula cloud theory, Passing star theory)
- Compare different theories of earth's origin

Why is it important to understand the solar system?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 85-86
- Pictures of the solar system
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 87-88
- Diagrams of the solar system
- Pictures of planets
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 88-89
- Diagrams showing rotation and revolution
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 90
- Diagrams of earth's structure
- Art materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Elements of weather
Weather - Weather instruments construction
Weather - Weather observation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe elements of weather in the environment
- Identify instruments used to measure weather elements
- Value the importance of weather observation

- Study pictures showing elements of weather
- Identify the elements of weather shown in each picture
- List other elements of weather
- Create flash cards showing elements of weather
- Observe weather conditions in the school compound
- Name weather instruments used to measure weather elements

Why are elements of weather in the environment important?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures of weather elements
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 92-95
- Materials for constructing instruments
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 96-97
- Weather instruments
- Recording charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Weather significance
Weather - Weather response
Fieldwork - Data collection methods
Fieldwork - Data collection practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the significance of weather to human environment
- Relate weather conditions to human activities
- Show interest in weather patterns

- Research the significance of weather to the human environment
- Visit the local environment to find out human activities during different weather conditions
- Study pictures of activities related to different weather conditions
- Create a chart showing human activities and associated weather conditions
- Write a report on the significance of weather

How does weather affect human activities?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98-99
- Pictures of weather-related activities
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99-100
- Pictures of weather responses
- Art materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
- Research materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 102-103
- Data collection tools

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written reports

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Importance of fieldwork
Fieldwork - Challenges and solutions
Fieldwork - Data analysis methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of fieldwork
- Identify benefits of fieldwork to learning
- Appreciate the value of firsthand information

- Research the importance of fieldwork
- Discuss the importance of fieldwork with peers
- Read a conversation between students discussing fieldwork benefits
- Identify the importance of fieldwork from the conversation
- Create a poster highlighting the benefits of fieldwork

What are the benefits of fieldwork in learning?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 103-104
- Research materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 104-105
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 105-106
- Sample data sets
- Calculators

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Valuing fieldwork
Fieldwork - Planning a project
Fieldwork - Conducting fieldwork

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to value fieldwork in investigating phenomena
- Identify the contributions of fieldwork to research
- Show appreciation for fieldwork as a research method

- Discuss the benefits of fieldwork to the immediate environment
- Answer "What value does fieldwork have to the immediate environment?"
- Research how fieldwork contributes to environmental awareness
- Create a summary of how to value fieldwork in investigating the environment
- Share work with classmates

How does fieldwork contribute to environmental awareness?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107
- Research materials
- Digital resources
- Planning templates
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107-108
- Data collection tools
- Notebooks

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa
Political Development and Governance

Fieldwork - Data analysis and presentation
Fieldwork - Report writing
Fieldwork - Project presentation
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Political organization

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze data collected during fieldwork
- Present findings in appropriate formats
- Value the importance of accurate analysis

- Use methods of data analysis to analyze collected data
- Organize data in tables, charts, or graphs
- Interpret patterns and trends in the data
- Prepare presentations of the findings
- Share findings with classmates for peer assessment

How should we analyze and present fieldwork data?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
- Collected data
- Analysis tools
- Presentation materials
- Report templates
- Writing materials
- Digital resources
- Visual aids
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
- Reference materials

- Observation - Analysis accuracy - Presentation skills

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Scramble for Africa
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - European roles
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Berlin Conference

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of "Scramble for and Partition of Africa"
- Identify European powers involved in the scramble
- Show interest in African colonial history

- Research the meaning of "Scramble for and Partition of Africa"
- Discuss the meaning with peers
- Write an essay explaining "Scramble for and Partition of Africa"
- Present essays for peer review
- Share work with parents or guardians

How did developments in Europe influence the scramble and partition of Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109-110
- Reference materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110-112
- Chart materials
- Reference books
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112-113
- Poster materials

- Observation - Essay assessment - Oral presentations

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Colonial territories
The Constitution of Kenya - Importance
The Constitution of Kenya - Upholding the constitution
The Constitution of Kenya - Promulgation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate the regions of partition by the European groups
- Identify colonial territories in Africa
- Show interest in African colonial geography

- Study a map showing the partition of Africa by European powers
- Identify which European power had the most colonies
- Identify which European power had the least colonies
- Identify countries in Africa that were not colonized
- Fill in a table matching European powers with their African colonies

How was Africa divided among European powers?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113-114
- Map of colonial Africa
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 118-119
- Constitution of Kenya
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 119-120
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Video resources

- Observation - Map work - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - National values
The Constitution of Kenya - Applying national values
Human Rights - Classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify national values in the Constitution of Kenya
- Explain the importance of national values
- Appreciate the role of values in governance

- Research national values provided in the Constitution of Kenya
- Complete a crossword puzzle containing Kenyan national values
- Complete a table explaining national values
- Discuss the importance of national values
- Create posters highlighting national values

How do national values promote good governance?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122-123
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123-125
- Song materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 126-128
- Human rights documents
- Reference materials

- Observation - Puzzle completion - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Characteristics
Human Rights - Equity and non-discrimination
Human Rights - Promoting equity
Human Rights - Valuing human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain characteristics of human rights
- Identify how human rights are manifested
- Show interest in human rights protection

- Research characteristics of human rights
- Study a summary on characteristics of human rights
- Discuss the characteristics identified
- Create a tree model showing characteristics of human rights
- Display models at the Social Studies learning corner

What are the key characteristics of human rights?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128-129
- Human rights documents
- Digital resources
- Art materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 130-132
- Pictures showing equity
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132-134
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134-135

- Observation - Model assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Concept
African Diasporas - Contributing factors
African Diasporas - Geographic locations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of African Diasporas
- Identify key characteristics of diasporas
- Show interest in diaspora communities

- Research the concept of African Diasporas
- Read messages about African Diasporas from African Union documents
- Compare research findings with the messages
- Read articles about African Diasporas
- Discuss the concept with peers

How can we promote collaboration between continental Africans and African Diasporas?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138-139
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139-140
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140-141
- World maps
- Atlas

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Political development
African Diasporas - Promoting unity
Citizenship - Interconnectedness
Citizenship - Globalization effects
Citizenship - Global citizen qualities
Citizenship - International contribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Assess the role of diasporas in political development in Africa
- Identify ways diasporas influence African politics
- Value diaspora contributions

- Research the role of African diasporas in political development in Africa
- Watch videos on diaspora contributions to African politics
- Debate on "African Diasporas have supported political development in Africa"
- Study a researcher's notes on diaspora contributions
- Create posters highlighting diaspora contributions

How have African Diasporas influenced political development in Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141-142
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Debate materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142-143
- Manila papers
- Art materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144-145
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145-147
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147-149
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149-151
- Creative materials

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments