Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Importance of bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of bookkeeping
- Describe the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship
- Value the role of record-keeping in business success

The learner is guided to:- In groups, Brainstorm on the meaning of bookkeeping
- Discuss the importance of bookkeeping for a business
- Present discussion points to the class

Why is bookkeeping important to a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 114
- Charts on importance of bookkeeping
- Digital devices

- Question and answer  Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Assets, liabilities and capital
Bookkeeping - Bookkeeping equation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define assets, liabilities and capital
- Identify examples of assets, liabilities and capital
- Appreciate the importance of differentiating business components

The learner is guided to:      - Search for the meaning of assets, liabilities and capital using digital devices or textbooks
- Identify assets shown in pictures
- Discuss examples of liabilities and capital
- Present findings to other groups

What is the difference between assets, liabilities, and capital?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 115
- Pictures of business assets
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 119
- Calculators
- Charts showing bookkeeping equation
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Written test - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Business transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- describe parties involved in business transactions
- Distinguish between cash and credit transactions
- Value honesty in business dealings

- List items bought and The learner is guided to:     identify buyers and sellers in a market 
- Read and analyze a case study on business transactions
- Discuss differences between cash and credit transactions

What types of transactions occur in a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 122
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Question and answer -  Written test

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Cost and price of a product

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Differentiate between cost and price
- Calculate profit and loss from business transactions
- Appreciate the importance of pricing in business

The learner is guided to:- In groups, Study pictures showing buying and selling activities
- Discuss the difference between cost and price
- Calculate profit or loss from various transactions
- Present findings in a table

How is profit or loss determined in a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 126
- Calculators
- Charts on profit calculation
- Examples of business transactions

 Question and answer - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Statement of financial position
Bookkeeping - Preparing a statement of financial position

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a statement of financial position
- Identify components of a statement of financial position
- Show interest in financial statements

- The learner is guided to: in groups, Discuss the components of a statement of financial position
- Study a sample statement of financial position
- Identify assets, liabilities and capital in the statement

How does a statement of financial position show a business's health?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 128
- Sample financial statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 129
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Written test - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Cash flow statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a cash flow statement
- Identify components of a cash flow statement
- Show responsibility in monitoring cash flow

The learner is guided to: in groups,Discuss the components of a cash flow statement
- Study a sample cash flow statement
- Identify cash inflows and outflows in the statement

Why is monitoring cash flow important for a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 130
- Sample cash flow statements
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Preparing a cash flow statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate net cash flow from business operations
- Prepare a simple cash flow statement
- Value the importance of tracking cash movement

The learner is guided to:    In pairs, Study a sample cash flow statement shown in their textbooks
- Individually Follow step-by-step instructions to prepare a cash flow statement
- Calculate net movement in cash
- Compare opening and closing cash balances

How is a cash flow statement prepared?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 131
- Sample cash flow statements
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Written tests.  - observation 

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Income statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of an income statement
- Identify components of an income statement
- Show interest in tracking business performance

The learner is guided to: in groups, Discuss components of an income statement
- Study a sample income statement
- Identify revenue, expenses, and profit in the statement

How does an income statement show business performance?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 133
- Sample income statements
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Preparing an income statement
Bookkeeping - Importance of financial records

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate gross profit and net profit
- Prepare a simple income statement
- Value accuracy in profit calculation

The learner is guided to:      - individually Study a sample income statement
- Follow step-by-step instructions to prepare an income statement
- Calculate gross profit and net profit
- Present work for review and discussion

How is an income statement prepared?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 134
- Sample income statements
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 135
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts

-observation Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Sources of income

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term 'income'
- Identify various sources of income for an individual
- Appreciate the importance of multiple income streams

Th- Search for the meaning of income using digital devices or textbooks
- Study examples of individuals with different income sources
- Identify the sources of income for each individual
- Discuss the meaning of 'sources of income'

What are the different ways people can earn income?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 137
- Charts showing sources of income
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing income-generating activities

- Question and answer - Observation - tests 

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Types of income sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Categorize different sources of income
- Explain various income types like salary, business, investment
- Show interest in understanding income sources

The learner is guided to.      - in groups, Study a chart showing various sources of income
- Discuss the meaning of various income sources
- Categorize income sources as active or passive
- Present findings to classmates

How can income sources be categorized?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 138
- Charts on income sources
- Digital devices
- Pictures

- Question and answer - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Importance of budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Ways of spending money wisely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define budget and budgeting
- Explain the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life
- Value financial planning and discipline

The learner is guided to.      - in groups, Discuss questions about pocket money and how it's spent
- Search for the meaning of budget and budgeting
- Read a conversation about family budgeting
- Discuss the importance of budgeting

Why is it important to prepare a personal budget?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 139
- Charts on importance of budgeting
- Digital devices
- Case studies
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 142
- Posters on wise spending
- Charts

- Question and answer- Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Preparing a simple budget

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of a personal budget
- Prepare a simple personal budget
- Appreciate the value of planning for expenses

The learner is guided to.      - in groups, Discuss what to consider when preparing a simple budget
- Study a sample personal budget
- Prepare a simple budget for personal financial management
- Present budget to classmates for feedback

What should be included in a personal budget?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 143
- Sample budget templates
- Calculators
- Charts

Observation Written test

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Income allocation in budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze different categories of expenses in a budget
- Allocate income to different expense categories
- Show responsibility in financial allocation

The learner is guided to.       - in groups, Study different categories of expenses (needs, wants, savings)
- Discuss appropriate percentage allocation for each category
- Practice allocating a given amount to different budget categories
- Share and justify allocation decisions

How should income be allocated in a budget?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget allocation charts
- Calculators
- Sample budgets

 Question and answer - observation 

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Budget tracking and adjustment
Income and Budgeting - Ethical practices in budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain methods for tracking budget implementation
- Identify reasons for budget adjustments
- Value accountability in budget management

The learner is guided to.      - in groups, Discuss methods for tracking spending against budget
- Analyze scenarios requiring budget adjustments
- Develop simple budget tracking tools
- Role-play budget review meetings

How can we track and adjust our budget?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget tracking templates
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 144
- Charts

- oral questions  Observation

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Unethical practices in budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify unethical practices in budgeting
- Explain the consequences of unethical financial behavior
- Show commitment to ethical financial management

The learner is guided to.      - in groups, Use digital devices to search for information on unethical practices in budgeting
- Identify unethical practices that should be avoided
- Discuss the consequences of unethical financial practices

Why should unethical practices be avoided in budgeting?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 145
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Financial planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of financial planning
- Discuss the importance of financial planning in income management
- Value long-term financial thinking

The learner is guided to.      -in groups , Read a story about financial planning
- Discuss how financial planning helped the character
- Identify the importance of financial planning
- Share examples of financial planning from their experiences

How does financial planning help in income management?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 146
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Setting financial goals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe short-term and long-term financial goals
- Set SMART financial goals
- Appreciate the importance of goal-setting in financial management

The learner is guided to- Discuss the difference between short-term and long-term financial goals
- Learn about SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound)
- Set personal financial goals following the SMART framework
- Share goals with classmates for feedback

Why is goal-setting important in financial management?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Goal-setting templates
- Case studies
- Charts on SMART goals

- Written assignment - observation 

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Importance of marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Elements of marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define market and marketing
- Explain the importance of marketing to a business
- Appreciate the role of marketing in business success

The learner is guided to.      - in groups, Discuss scenarios involving buying and selling
- Define the terms 'market' and 'marketing'
- Study pictures showing marketing activities
- Discuss the importance of marketing to a business

Why is marketing important?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 147
- Pictures showing marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Marketing diagrams
- Pictures of marketing activities

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Sources of market information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify sources of information about the market
- Analyze different ways to get market information
- Show interest in understanding market dynamics

- Read an article containing information about a market
- Identify potential customers from the article
- Discuss sources of information about markets
- Use digital devices to search for market information sources

Where can information about the market and its potential customers be sourced from?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 150
- Newspaper articles
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity

- Question and answer - observation 

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Consumer behavior

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what influences consumer buying decisions
- Identify factors that affect consumer preferences
- Value the importance of understanding customers

- Discuss factors that influence buying decisions (price, quality, trends)
- Analyze personal buying decisions and what influenced them
- Conduct simple surveys about consumer preferences
- Share findings with classmates

What factors influence consumer buying decisions?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Survey templates
- Digital devices
- Charts on consumer behavior

- Survey project assessment - Question and answer

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Factors for market selection
Marketing Goods and Services - Tools for marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors considered when selecting a market
- Explain how these factors affect market selection
- Value informed decision-making in business

The learner is guided to:      - in groups, Read a case study about a business owner selecting a market
- Explore the factors considered when selecting the market
- Discuss other factors to consider when choosing a market
- Write down findings and present them to classmates

How is the market of goods and services selected?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 152
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 153
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on marketing tools

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written tests 

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Suitable markets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify suitable markets for different goods and services
- Match products to appropriate market segments
- Value strategic thinking in marketing

The learner is guided to:      - in groups, Brainstorm on suitable markets for different goods and services
- Discuss factors that make a market suitable for specific products
- Present findings to classmates

How do businesses identify suitable markets for their products?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 154
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pictures of different products

- Question and answer -  Written test

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Ethics in marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical practices in marketing
- Explain the importance of ethics in marketing
- Show commitment to ethical business practices

The learner is guided to:      - in groups, Discuss ethical practices in marketing goods and services
- Analyze scenarios showing ethical and unethical marketing practices
- Prepare a presentation on marketing ethics

What ethical considerations should guide marketing activities?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 155
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Question and answer - Case study analysis