MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Classifying wood according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of wood.
- identify the physical characteristics of wood.
- appreciate the value of wood as a natural resource.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for the meaning of the term 'wood'.
- take a walk in the locality to observe trees and their characteristics.
- observe the leaves of different trees.
- ask people about different types of trees in the locality.

How is wood classified according to physical characteristics?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 83

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Classifying wood according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify the physical characteristics of trees.
- classify trees as either softwood or hardwood.
- value the importance of sustainable use of wood resources.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the characteristics of trees based on observations.
- create a checklist for the identification of trees as softwood or hardwood.
- visit a workplace where wood is used to make items.
- observe the color of different types of wood.

How is wood classified according to physical characteristics?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 84
P.B pg. 85

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Classifying wood according to physical characteristics
Wood - Describing the preparation of wood for use
Wood - Describing the preparation of wood for use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- develop a checklist to classify wood into softwood or hardwood.
- classify wood based on physical characteristics.
- appreciate the importance of wood classification in its use.

The learner is guided to:
- develop a checklist to classify wood into softwood or hardwood based on physical characteristics.
- use the checklist to classify various wood samples.
- summarize points on the classification of wood according to physical characteristics.

What are the physical characteristics used to differentiate softwood from hardwood?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 86
P.B pg. 87
P.B pg. 88

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Describing the preparation of wood for use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- describe the methods of wood seasoning.
- compare natural and artificial wood seasoning methods.
- appreciate the importance of proper wood seasoning.

The learner is guided to:
- listen to a resource person explain methods of wood seasoning.
- discuss the methods of wood seasoning.
- compare and contrast natural and artificial seasoning methods.

What methods are used in wood seasoning?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 89
P.B pg. 90

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Relating types of wood to their uses
Wood - Valuing the importance of wood in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify items made from different types of wood.
- match wood types to appropriate uses.
- appreciate the versatility of wood as a material.

The learner is guided to:
- visit a workplace in the locality where wood is used to make items.
- identify items made from different types of wood.
- ask the workers about the items made from different types of wood.

How are different types of wood used in various workplaces?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 91
P.B pg. 92
P.B pg. 93

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Valuing the importance of wood in day-to-day life
Hazardous Materials - Identifying waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the importance of wood in different industries.
- create presentations about the importance of wood.
- value the need for sustainable use of wood resources.

The learner is guided to:
- make a presentation to promote the use of different types of trees.
- discuss the importance of nurturing tree nurseries.
- develop strategies for conservation of trees in their locality.

How can we promote sustainable use of wood resources?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 94
Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
P.B pg. 95

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Hazardous Materials - Identifying waste materials in the environment
Hazardous Materials - Describing ways of handling waste materials safely
Hazardous Materials - Describing ways of handling waste materials safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- classify waste materials into different categories.
- identify potential hazards associated with various waste materials.
- value the importance of proper waste identification.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the waste materials collected.
- discuss other waste materials found in the environment.
- group the waste materials according to their type.
- summarize points about waste materials found in the environment.

How can waste materials be classified?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 96
P.B pg. 97
P.B pg. 98

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Hazardous Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify methods of disposing waste materials.
- explain the suitability of different disposal methods for various waste types.
- appreciate the importance of proper waste disposal.

The learner is guided to:
- engage a resource person on methods of disposing waste materials.
- discuss the steps to follow when disposing waste materials using different methods.
- observe the resource person demonstrating how to dispose of waste materials using different methods.

What methods are appropriate for disposing different types of waste materials?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 99
P.B pg. 100
P.B pg. 102

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Hazardous Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods
Hazardous Materials - Appreciating the need for proper handling of waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- demonstrate waste reusing and recycling techniques.
- create useful items from waste materials.
- value the creative potential of waste materials.

The learner is guided to:
- practice reusing waste materials (plastic bottles, old newspapers, fabric, containers).
- demonstrate recycling techniques for different waste materials.
- create useful items from waste materials.

How can waste materials be reused and recycled?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 104
P.B pg. 108

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION
TOOLS AND PRODUCTION
TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Hazardous Materials - Appreciating the need for proper handling of waste materials
Holding Tools - Identifying holding tools used in a workplace
Holding Tools - Identifying holding tools used in a workplace

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- create waste disposal containers using locally available materials.
- explain the importance of proper waste management.
- promote responsible waste handling in the community.

The learner is guided to:
- improvise or use locally available materials to make containers for disposing waste materials.
- share the containers with other members of the class.
- summarize points on the need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment.
- conduct a clean-up exercise in the school or locality.

How can we promote proper waste handling in our community?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 109
Pliers, clamps, vices, tongs, clips, photographs, digital devices
P.B pg. 113
P.B pg. 114

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for a given task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain how to select appropriate holding tools for specific tasks.
- match different holding tools to their suitable tasks.
- appreciate the importance of using appropriate tools for specific tasks.

The learner is guided to:
- visit a workplace in the locality to learn about holding tools suitable for different tasks.
- observe the types of holding tools used for different tasks.
- ask the workers about the types of holding tools suitable for different tasks.

How are holding tools selected for specific tasks in a workplace?

Pliers, clamps, vices, tongs, clips, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 116
P.B pg. 117

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Using holding tools to perform a given task
Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the proper techniques for using holding tools.
- demonstrate the safe use of different holding tools.
- appreciate the importance of proper tool usage.

The learner is guided to:
- take one holding tool at a time.
- discuss the instructions on how to use the holding tool safely.
- observe the teacher demonstrating using a holding tool to perform a given task.
- practice how to use the holding tool to perform a given task.

How are holding tools used to perform tasks safely and effectively?

Pliers, clamps, vices, tongs, clips, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 124
P.B pg. 125
P.B pg. 127

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Appreciating the importance of holding tools
Driving Tools - Identifying driving tools used in a workplace

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the importance of holding tools in a workplace.
- identify various applications of holding tools.
- value the role of holding tools in improving work efficiency.

The learner is guided to:
- study the diagram showing the importance of holding tools.
- discuss the role of holding tools as shown in the diagram.
- discuss other roles of holding tools in a workplace.

Why are holding tools important in a workplace?

Pliers, clamps, vices, tongs, clips, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 129
Hammers, screwdrivers, spanners, punches, mallets, photographs, digital devices
P.B pg. 133

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Driving Tools - Identifying driving tools used in a workplace
Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for a given task
Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for a given task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- name different types of driving tools.
- describe the features of various driving tools.
- value the role of driving tools in a workplace.

The learner is guided to:
- continue observing and naming different driving tools.
- discuss the features of various driving tools.
- name any other driving tools used in the workplace that may not be on display.
- summarize points on driving tools used in the workplace.

What types of driving tools are used in a workplace?

Hammers, screwdrivers, spanners, punches, mallets, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 134
P.B pg. 136
P.B pg. 141

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Driving Tools - Using driving tools to perform a given task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the proper techniques for using driving tools.
- demonstrate the safe use of different driving tools.
- appreciate the importance of proper tool usage.

The learner is guided to:
- take one driving tool at a time.
- discuss the instructions on how to use the driving tool safely.
- observe the teacher demonstrating using a driving tool to perform a given task.
- practice how to use the driving tool to perform a given task.

How are driving tools used to perform tasks safely and effectively?

Hammers, screwdrivers, spanners, punches, mallets, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 142
P.B pg. 146

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools
Driving Tools - Valuing the need for driving tools
Project - Identifying a problem in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the proper maintenance of driving tools.
- demonstrate proper cleaning and storage of driving tools.
- appreciate the importance of tool maintenance and care.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the phrase 'caring for driving tools'.
- select one driving tool at a time and discuss how to care for it.
- practice how to care for driving tools.
- summarize points on how to care for driving tools.

How should driving tools be maintained and stored?

Hammers, screwdrivers, spanners, punches, mallets, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 148
P.B pg. 150
Digital devices, reference materials, local environment, manila papers
P.B pg. 153

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Selecting an item to solve the identified problem
Project - Making an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- suggest possible solutions to the identified problems.
- select an appropriate item that can be made to solve the identified problem.
- appreciate the creativity involved in problem-solving.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for information on possible items to solve the identified problem.
- discuss possible items that can be made to solve the identified problem.
- select one item that can be made using the skills acquired to solve the identified problem.

What items can be made to solve identified problems in the locality?

Digital devices, reference materials, local environment, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 154
P.B pg. 155

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Making an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- prepare materials for making the item.
- use appropriate tools to work on the materials.
- value precision and attention to detail in project work.

The learner is guided to:
- gather and prepare the materials needed for making the item.
- select appropriate tools for working on the materials.
- begin working on the materials following the planned steps.

How can materials be prepared and worked on to make useful items?

Digital devices, reference materials, locally available materials, tools
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 156

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Making an item to solve the identified problem
Project - Utilizing skills learnt in solving problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- calculate the cost of the item made.
- demonstrate the use of the item in solving the identified problem.
- appreciate the economic value of handmade items.

The learner is guided to:
- estimate the cost of the materials used in making the item.
- calculate the selling price for the item.
- demonstrate how the item solves the identified problem.
- display the item for peer assessment.

How can the cost and effectiveness of the made item be determined?

Digital devices, reference materials, locally available materials, tools
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 157
Digital devices, reference materials, made items, manila papers

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Project - Utilizing skills learnt in solving problems
Financial Services - Identifying financial institutions in Kenya
Financial Services - Identifying financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- present the made item and its application in solving the identified problem.
- suggest improvements for future projects.
- value lifelong learning and skill development.

The learner is guided to:
- make a presentation at a school forum on the role of the knowledge and skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies in the community.
- display the made item and explain how it solves the identified problem.
- discuss possible improvements for future projects.
- summarize points about the role of the knowledge and skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies in day-to-day life.

How can knowledge and skills in Pre-Technical Studies improve life in the community?

Digital devices, reference materials, made items, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 158
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
P.B pg. 160
P.B pg. 161

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Classifying financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain classification of financial institutions.
- categorize financial institutions in Kenya.
- appreciate the diversity of financial institutions in Kenya.

The learner is guided to:
- engage a resource person on the meaning of the word 'classification' in relation to financial institutions.
- listen to the resource person explain how financial institutions are classified.
- discuss examples of financial institutions in each classification.

How are financial institutions classified in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 162
P.B pg. 164

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Analyzing services offered by financial institutions
Financial Services - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify services offered by different financial institutions.
- explain the functions of various financial services.
- appreciate the importance of financial services.

The learner is guided to:
- read the case study on Mrembo and Baraka's experience with financial institutions.
- discuss the financial institutions mentioned in the case study.
- discuss the services offered by the financial institutions mentioned in the case study.

What services are offered by different financial institutions in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 165
P.B pg. 166
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, financial institution
P.B pg. 167

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development
Government and Business - Explaining reasons for government involvement in business
Government and Business - Explaining reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- demonstrate use of financial services.
- explain how financial services support entrepreneurial development.
- appreciate the importance of financial literacy for entrepreneurs.

The learner is guided to:
- share experiences from visiting financial institutions or participating in role play.
- discuss how financial services can be utilized for entrepreneurial development.
- summarize points on the importance of financial services for entrepreneurial development.

What benefits do financial services offer to entrepreneurs?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, financial institution
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 168
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
P.B pg. 169
P.B pg. 171

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Describing ways of government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify different ways government involves itself in business.
- describe how government regulates business activities.
- appreciate the balance between government regulation and free enterprise.

The learner is guided to:
- engage a resource person on ways of government involvement in business.
- discuss the responses given by the resource person.
- discuss other ways of government involvement in business.

In what ways does the government involve itself in business activities?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 172
P.B pg. 173

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Exploring types of taxes in Kenya
Government and Business - Analyzing e-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of tax.
- identify reasons for paying taxes.
- appreciate the importance of tax compliance.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the term 'tax'.
- use print and digital media to search for information on the importance of paying taxes.
- visit a business in the locality to learn about taxes paid.

What types of taxes are collected in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, businesses in locality
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 174
P.B pg. 176
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, e-government platforms
P.B pg. 177

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Analyzing e-Government services in business
Government and Business - Acknowledging the need to comply with government regulations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- analyze various e-government services for businesses.
- demonstrate use of e-government platforms.
- value the convenience of e-government services.

The learner is guided to:
- use a digital device to search for information on other e-government services in business.
- where possible, explore an e-government platform.
- summarize points on e-government services in business.

How have e-Government services improved business operations?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, e-government platforms
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 178
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, business regulations
P.B pg. 179

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Explaining the importance of a business plan
Business Plan - Describing the components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of a business plan.
- identify the importance of a business plan.
- appreciate the role of planning in business success.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the term 'business plan'.
- engage a resource person on the importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship.
- discuss the responses given by the resource person.

Why is a business plan important to an entrepreneur?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 180
P.B pg. 181
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, sample business plans
P.B pg. 182

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Describing the components of a business plan
Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template
Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template
Business Plan - Embracing the use of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the details required in each component of a business plan.
- analyze the relationships between different components.
- value the importance of thorough planning in business.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for more information on the components of a business plan.
- present findings to classmates.
- summarize points on the components of a business plan.

How do the components of a business plan relate to each other?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, sample business plans
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 183
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, business plan templates
P.B pg. 184
P.B pg. 185

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation