Production Techniques

Sewing Skills: Knitting - Basic knitting stitches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of knitting
- Identify basic knitting stitches
- Appreciate knitting as a useful skill

- Search for information and pictures on knitting stitches (knit and purl)
- Discuss findings and write short notes
- Share findings with classmates

How do you knit an article for household use?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 64
- Digital resources
- Print media
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Production Techniques

Sewing Skills: Knitting - Identifying knit and purl stitches
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Casting on
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Making a knit stitch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify knit and purl stitches from pictures
- Distinguish between knit and purl stitches
- Show interest in knitting techniques

- Study pictures showing knitting stitches
- Identify and explain the knitting stitches shown
- Identify knit and purl stitches on garments
- Take pictures if possible
- Share ideas with classmates

What are the differences between knit and purl stitches?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 65
- Pictures showing knitting stitches
- Knitted garments
- Digital camera
- Two knitting needles
- Yarn
- Scissors
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 66
- Cast on stitches made previously
- Knitting needles

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Sewing Skills: Knitting - Making a purl stitch
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Continuing knitting rows
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Understanding patterns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate making a purl stitch
- Follow correct purling procedures
- Work carefully with knitting equipment

- Hold needle with knit stitch with left hand
- Insert right needle into first stitch from right to bottom
- With yarn in front, wrap from back to front of right needle
- Push right needle back and grab the loop
- Push right needle up through the loop
- Slide the old stitch off the left needle
- Continue for all stitches
- Describe and show classmates how to make purl stitches

How do we make a purl stitch in knitting?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 67
- Knit stitches made previously
- Knitting needles
- Yarn
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 68
- Knitting in progress from previous lessons
- Sample knitting patterns
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Production Techniques

Sewing Skills: Knitting - Identifying household knitted articles
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Making a household article

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify household articles that can be knitted
- Explain the purpose of different knitted articles
- Appreciate the utility of knitted items

- Study pictures showing knitted articles (scarves, mats, table wipers, etc.)
- Identify the knitted household articles shown in the pictures
- Discuss other articles that can be made by knitting
- Share ideas with classmates

What household articles can be made using knitting?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 69
- Pictures showing knitted articles
- Actual knitted household items
- Digital resources
- Two knitting needles
- Yarn
- Scissors

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Sewing Skills: Knitting - Finishing a knitted article
Adding Value to Crop Produce - Ways of adding value

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate finishing techniques for knitted articles
- Cast off properly
- Show pride in completed work

- Cast off once the article is finished
- Cut the working yarn leaving a few inches of tail
- Pull the tail through the last stitch and tighten to secure the end
- Weave in loose ends neatly
- Display the finished article to classmates

How do we properly finish a knitted article?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 70
- Knitted article in progress
- Knitting needles
- Scissors
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 77
- Pictures of crop produce
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical assessment - Product evaluation

Production Techniques

Adding Value to Crop Produce - Value-added products

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify value-added crop products
- Explain how raw crops are transformed into value-added products
- Value innovation in food processing

- Study pictures showing value-added products
- Identify the products shown in the pictures
- Discuss the process of transforming raw crops into these products
- Share ideas with classmates

How can we transform raw crop produce into value-added products?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 78
- Pictures of value-added products
- Actual value-added products if available
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Adding Value to Crop Produce - Field visit
Adding Value to Crop Produce - Value addition through drying

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe value addition in a real setting
- Ask relevant questions about value addition
- Show interest in food processing

- Take a field visit to study methods of adding value to crop produce
- Ask questions to a resource person about methods and importance of value addition
- Take pictures if possible
- Share experiences when back in class

What methods are used commercially for adding value to crop produce?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 79
- Exercise book and pen
- Protective equipment
- Digital camera
- Raw crop produce (cassava, sweet potato)
- Knife
- Drying rack or tray
- Clean water
- Basins
- Packaging materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written report

Production Techniques

Adding Value to Crop Produce - Value addition by frying
Adding Value to Crop Produce - Value addition of groundnuts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate value addition by frying method
- Follow correct frying procedures
- Maintain safety when cooking

- Wash and rinse potatoes in clean water
- Peel if necessary and slice into thin round pieces
- Put cooking oil in pan over heat source for deep frying
- Put potato slices in hot oil and add salt to taste
- Keep turning to cook evenly until crispy
- Remove from heat and cool down
- Pack in packaging materials and store

How can we add value to crop produce through frying?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 80
- Raw potatoes
- Knife
- Source of heat
- Wide pan or sufuria
- Cooking oil
- Salt
- Clean water
- Basins
- Packaging materials
- Protective equipment
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 81
- Raw groundnuts
- Sufuria
- Pestle and mortar

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Production Techniques

Adding Value to Crop Produce - Marketing value-added products

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to market value-added products
- Identify marketing strategies for value-added products
- Appreciate the economic benefits of value addition

- Discuss different marketing strategies for value-added products
- Create attractive packaging for value-added products
- Calculate potential profit margins for value-added products
- Create a marketing plan for a value-added product
- Share marketing plans with classmates

How can we market value-added crop products?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 82
- Value-added products
- Packaging materials
- Chart paper
- Markers
- Calculator

- Observation - Oral questions - Marketing plan assessment

Production Techniques

Adding Value to Crop Produce - Review of value addition
Making Homemade Soap - Forms of soap

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize methods of adding value to crop produce
- Explain the importance of value addition
- Show commitment to value addition

- Review all methods of adding value to crop produce
- Discuss the importance of value addition for economic benefits and storage
- Complete an assessment on value addition to crop produce
- Share assessments with classmates

Why is value addition important for crop produce?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 83
- Assessment sheets
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Value-added products
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 84
- Pictures of different forms of soap
- Samples of soap if available

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assessment

Production Techniques

Making Homemade Soap - Uses of household soaps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of different forms of soap
- Match soap forms with appropriate uses
- Value cleanliness and hygiene

- Study pictures showing uses of homemade soaps
- Discuss the uses shown in the pictures
- Identify the form of soap used in each picture
- Discuss how different forms of soap are used at home
- Share ideas with classmates

What are the uses of different forms of soap?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 85
- Pictures showing soap uses
- Samples of different soap forms
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Making Homemade Soap - Natural ingredients for soap
Making Homemade Soap - Field visit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify natural ingredients for making soap
- Explain the purpose of each ingredient
- Show interest in natural products

- Discuss natural ingredients for making soap (ashes, water, animal fats, plant oils, salt)
- Study pictures showing ingredients for making homemade soap
- Identify the ingredients shown in the pictures
- Discuss how to obtain each ingredient locally
- Share ideas with classmates

What natural ingredients can be used for making homemade soap?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 86
- Pictures of soap ingredients
- Samples of ingredients if available
- Digital resources
- Exercise book and pen
- Protective equipment
- Digital camera

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Making Homemade Soap - Making liquid soap

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate making of liquid soap
- Follow correct soap-making procedures
- Work safely with soap ingredients

- Boil water and add grated bar soap until it dissolves
- Add salt and stir until it thickens to the desired consistency
- Allow to cool before adding coloring or fragrance if desired
- Let the soap settle for a few days to develop final consistency
- Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling fumes

How do we make homemade liquid soap?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 87
- Wood ash
- Table salt
- Animal fat
- Distilled water
- Buckets
- Source of heat
- Utensils for mixing
- Storage containers
- Protective equipment

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Production Techniques

Making Homemade Soap - Making bar and powder soap
Making Homemade Soap - Making paste soap

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate making of bar and powder soap
- Follow correct soap-making procedures
- Maintain safety throughout the process

- Mix wood ash with distilled water and filter to make lye
- Heat animal fat until melted and strain to remove impurities
- Add lye water to melted fat and stir constantly
- Heat mixture and stir until it thickens
- Pour into molds lined with parchment paper
- Allow to rest, harden, and cure for several weeks
- Grind some pieces into powder for powder soap

How do we make homemade bar and powder soap?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 88
- Wood ash
- Table salt
- Animal fat
- Distilled water
- Buckets
- Source of heat
- Utensils for mixing
- Molds
- Grater
- Storage containers
- Protective equipment
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 90
- Bucket

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Production Techniques

Making Homemade Soap - Review of homemade soap making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize the process of making different forms of soap
- Explain the importance of homemade soap
- Value creativity in making household products

- Review all forms of homemade soap and their making processes
- Discuss the importance of homemade soap (cost-effective, environmentally friendly)
- Complete an assessment on making homemade soap
- Share assessments with classmates

What have we learned about making homemade soap?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 92
- Assessment sheets
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Homemade soap samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assessment