Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Identifying cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various cutting tools used in the work environment
- Distinguish between different types of cutting tools
- Show interest in learning about cutting tools

- Study pictures of cutting tools
- Identify each tool shown
- Discuss how the tools are used in working environments
- Name other cutting tools found in the locality

What cutting tools are used in work environments?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 80
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Realia of cutting tools

- Observation - Question and answer - Written test

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Collecting cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Hacksaws and handsaws

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect different cutting tools from the locality
- Identify the names of collected cutting tools
- Appreciate the importance of proper tool identification

- Collect different cutting tools available in the locality
- Identify and write down the names of the cutting tools
- Store the tools in a safe place

What types of cutting tools can we find in our locality?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 81
- Various cutting tools
- Storage boxes
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 82
- Hacksaws
- Handsaws
- Pictures and charts

- Observation - Portfolio assessment - Practical work

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Chisels, planes and snips
Cutting Tools - Scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of chisels, planes and snips
- Explain the uses of chisels, planes and snips
- Appreciate the importance of specialized cutting tools

- Examine chisels, planes and snips
- Discuss the uses of these tools in work environments
- Compare wood chisels and cold chisels
- Identify types of planes and snips

Why are there different types of cutting tools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 83
- Chisels
- Planes
- Snips
- Pictures and charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 84
- Scrappers
- Knives
- Strippers
- Cutters

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Selecting cutting tools for given tasks
Cutting Tools - Using a handsaw

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate cutting tools for specific tasks
- Match cutting tools to their uses
- Show responsibility when selecting tools for tasks

- Discuss the use of various cutting tools
- Sort tools according to their uses based on materials they cut
- Match cutting tools with their uses
- Share findings with other groups

How do we select the appropriate cutting tool for a task?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 84
- Various cutting tools
- Charts on tool selection
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 87
- Handsaw
- Timber
- Measuring tools
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Question and answer - Matching exercises

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a hacksaw
Cutting Tools - Using a wood chisel
Cutting Tools - Using snips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a hacksaw
- Cut metal and plastic pipes using a hacksaw
- Value the importance of safe tool handling

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a hacksaw
- Practice using a hacksaw to cut metal and plastic pipes
- Observe safety by clamping materials firmly
- Store the hacksaw safely after use

Why is it important to secure materials when using a hacksaw?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 88
- Hacksaw
- Metal rods
- Plastic pipes
- Bench vice
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 89
- Wood chisel
- Mallet
- Timber
- Clamp
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 90
- Snips
- Metal sheets
- Measuring tools

- Practical assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using wire cutters
Cutting Tools - Using a plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of wire cutters
- Cut wires of different sizes using wire cutters
- Show responsibility when working with cutting tools

- Observe a demonstration on how to use wire cutters
- Practice using wire cutters to cut wires of different sizes
- Observe safety by holding wires properly
- Store the wire cutters safely after use

What safety precautions should be observed when using wire cutters?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 92
- Wire cutters
- Wires of different sizes
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 93
- Plane
- Timber

- Practical assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a scrapper and stripper
Cutting Tools - Using a knife

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a scrapper and stripper
- Use a scrapper to remove embedded dirt
- Strip insulation from wires using a stripper
- Show responsibility when using tools

- Observe demonstrations on how to use a scrapper and stripper
- Practice using a scrapper to remove embedded dirt
- Practice using a stripper to strip wire insulation
- Observe safety precautions
- Store the tools safely after use

When would you use a scrapper versus a stripper?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 93
- Scrapper
- Stripper
- Surfaces with embedded dirt
- Insulated wires
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 95
- Knife
- Cardboard
- Ruler
- Pencil

- Practical assessment - Observation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Caring for cutting tools
Production Unit - Factors for locating a production unit
Production Unit - Assessing location factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of caring for cutting tools
- Explain the importance of tool maintenance
- Show responsibility in caring for tools

- Study pictures showing ways of caring for cutting tools
- Identify the cutting tools and discuss how they are being cared for
- Discuss other ways of caring for cutting tools

Why is it important to care for cutting tools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 96
- Various cutting tools
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage facilities
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Pictures of production units
- Charts
- Observation checklist
- Local production units

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Availability of raw materials and market
Production Unit - Infrastructure and labor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how availability of raw materials affects location
- Discuss the importance of market proximity
- Value the relationship between location and business success

- Use print or digital media to search for information on how availability of raw materials and market proximity affect location of production units
- Discuss findings in groups
- Present findings in class

How does market proximity affect a production unit's location?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts and diagrams

- Question and answer - Written assignment - Group presentation

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Factors determining size
Production Unit - Locating a production unit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors that determine the size of a production unit
- Explain how capital affects the size of a production unit
- Value informed decision-making in business planning

- Use print or digital media to search for information on factors that determine the size of a production unit
- Discuss how capital, market size, and technology affect the size of a production unit
- Share findings with peers

How is the size of a production unit determined?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts
- Maps

- Question and answer - Written test - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Importance of bookkeeping
Bookkeeping - Assets, liabilities and capital

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of bookkeeping
- Describe the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship
- Value the role of record-keeping in business success

- Brainstorm on the meaning of bookkeeping
- Discuss the importance of bookkeeping for a business
- Present discussion points to the class

Why is bookkeeping important to a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 114
- Charts on importance of bookkeeping
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 115
- Pictures of business assets
- Charts

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Bookkeeping equation
Bookkeeping - Business transactions
Bookkeeping - Cost and price of a product

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of bookkeeping equation
- Apply the bookkeeping equation in business scenarios
- Show interest in understanding financial relationships

- Discuss the bookkeeping equation (Assets = Capital + Liabilities)
- Calculate assets, liabilities and capital using the bookkeeping equation
- Solve practice exercises using the equation

How does the bookkeeping equation help in financial management?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 119
- Calculators
- Charts showing bookkeeping equation
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 122
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 126
- Charts on profit calculation
- Examples of business transactions

- Calculation exercises - Question and answer - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Statement of financial position
Bookkeeping - Preparing a statement of financial position

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a statement of financial position
- Identify components of a statement of financial position
- Show interest in financial statements

- Discuss the components of a statement of financial position
- Study a sample statement of financial position
- Identify assets, liabilities and capital in the statement

How does a statement of financial position show a business's health?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 128
- Sample financial statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 129
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Written test - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Cash flow statement
Bookkeeping - Preparing a cash flow statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a cash flow statement
- Identify components of a cash flow statement
- Show responsibility in monitoring cash flow

- Discuss the components of a cash flow statement
- Study a sample cash flow statement
- Identify cash inflows and outflows in the statement

Why is monitoring cash flow important for a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 130
- Sample cash flow statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 131
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Income statement
Bookkeeping - Preparing an income statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of an income statement
- Identify components of an income statement
- Show interest in tracking business performance

- Discuss components of an income statement
- Study a sample income statement
- Identify revenue, expenses, and profit in the statement

How does an income statement show business performance?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 133
- Sample income statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 134
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Importance of financial records
Income and Budgeting - Sources of income
Income and Budgeting - Types of income sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of financial records in decision-making
- Analyze how bookkeeping helps in financial management
- Appreciate the role of record-keeping in business success

- Read a story about a business owner who keeps records
- Discuss the role of bookkeeping in the business
- Explain how bookkeeping helped in making financial decisions

How do financial records help in making business decisions?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 135
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 137
- Charts showing sources of income
- Pictures showing income-generating activities
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 138
- Charts on income sources
- Pictures

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Importance of budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Ways of spending money wisely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define budget and budgeting
- Explain the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life
- Value financial planning and discipline

- Discuss questions about pocket money and how it's spent
- Search for the meaning of budget and budgeting
- Read a conversation about family budgeting
- Discuss the importance of budgeting

Why is it important to prepare a personal budget?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 139
- Charts on importance of budgeting
- Digital devices
- Case studies
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 142
- Posters on wise spending
- Charts

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Preparing a simple budget
Income and Budgeting - Income allocation in budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of a personal budget
- Prepare a simple personal budget
- Appreciate the value of planning for expenses

- Discuss what to consider when preparing a simple budget
- Study a sample personal budget
- Prepare a simple budget for personal financial management
- Present budget to classmates for feedback

What should be included in a personal budget?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 143
- Sample budget templates
- Calculators
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget allocation charts
- Sample budgets

- Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Budget tracking and adjustment
Income and Budgeting - Ethical practices in budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain methods for tracking budget implementation
- Identify reasons for budget adjustments
- Value accountability in budget management

- Discuss methods for tracking spending against budget
- Analyze scenarios requiring budget adjustments
- Develop simple budget tracking tools
- Role-play budget review meetings

How can we track and adjust our budget?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget tracking templates
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 144
- Charts

- Role-play assessment - Practical assignment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Unethical practices in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Financial planning
Income and Budgeting - Setting financial goals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify unethical practices in budgeting
- Explain the consequences of unethical financial behavior
- Show commitment to ethical financial management

- Use digital devices to search for information on unethical practices in budgeting
- Identify unethical practices that should be avoided
- Discuss the consequences of unethical financial practices

Why should unethical practices be avoided in budgeting?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 145
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 146
- Case studies
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Goal-setting templates
- Charts on SMART goals

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Importance of marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Elements of marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define market and marketing
- Explain the importance of marketing to a business
- Appreciate the role of marketing in business success

- Discuss scenarios involving buying and selling
- Define the terms 'market' and 'marketing'
- Study pictures showing marketing activities
- Discuss the importance of marketing to a business

Why is marketing important?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 147
- Pictures showing marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Marketing diagrams
- Pictures of marketing activities

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Sources of market information
Marketing Goods and Services - Consumer behavior

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify sources of information about the market
- Analyze different ways to get market information
- Show interest in understanding market dynamics

- Read an article containing information about a market
- Identify potential customers from the article
- Discuss sources of information about markets
- Use digital devices to search for market information sources

Where can information about the market and its potential customers be sourced from?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 150
- Newspaper articles
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Survey templates
- Charts on consumer behavior

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Factors for market selection
Marketing Goods and Services - Tools for marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Suitable markets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors considered when selecting a market
- Explain how these factors affect market selection
- Value informed decision-making in business

- Read a case study about a business owner selecting a market
- Explore the factors considered when selecting the market
- Discuss other factors to consider when choosing a market
- Write down findings and present them to classmates

How is the market of goods and services selected?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 152
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 153
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on marketing tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 154
- Pictures of different products

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Ethics in marketing
Saving and Investment - Reasons for saving

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical practices in marketing
- Explain the importance of ethics in marketing
- Show commitment to ethical business practices

- Discuss ethical practices in marketing goods and services
- Analyze scenarios showing ethical and unethical marketing practices
- Prepare a presentation on marketing ethics

What ethical considerations should guide marketing activities?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 155
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Charts on saving and investment

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Saving and Investment - Methods of saving
Saving and Investment - Methods of investment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different methods of saving
- Explain the advantages of different saving methods
- Show interest in developing saving habits

- Brainstorm and present on methods of saving and investment
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of different saving methods
- Make money boxes for personal savings using locally available materials

What are the different ways to save money?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Materials for making money boxes
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on investment options

- Practical assessment - Question and answer - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Saving and Investment - Preparing a saving plan
Saving and Investment - Preparing an investment plan
Saving and Investment - Ethical practices
Saving and Investment - Unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of a saving plan
- Prepare a simple saving plan
- Show commitment to financial discipline

- Study sample saving plans
- Identify key components of a saving plan
- Prepare a simple saving plan
- Present saving plans to classmates for feedback

How do you create an effective saving plan?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Sample saving plans
- Calculators
- Charts
- Sample investment plans
- Case studies
- Digital devices

- Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignment