Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Identifying measuring tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify measuring tools in the work environment
- Explain the purpose of different measuring tools
- Appreciate the importance of measuring tools

- Use visual aids and realia to identify measuring tools (Tape measure, steel rule, callipers, weighing balance, stop watch, ammeter, voltmeter)
- Discuss what measuring tools are used for
- Find information about various measuring tools

Why are measuring tools important in a work environment?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 63
- Measuring tools
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Question and answer - Written test

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Identifying marking out tools
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Selection of appropriate measuring tools
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Selection of appropriate marking out tools
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a tape measure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify marking out tools in the work environment
- Explain the purpose of different marking out tools
- Value the importance of precision in marking

- Use visual aids and realia to identify marking out tools (divider, try-square, marking gauge, dot punch, scriber, pencil, marking knife)
- Discuss what each marking out tool is used for
- Find information about various marking out tools

How do marking out tools enhance precision in work?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 64
- Marking out tools
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 65
- Measuring tools
- Task cards
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 66
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 67
- Tape measures
- Objects to measure
- Recording sheets

- Observation - Question and answer - Written test

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a steel rule
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using vernier callipers
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using time and electrical measuring tools
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a divider

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a steel rule to perform a given task
- Demonstrate proper technique for using steel rules
- Show concern for precision in measurement

- Demonstrate the use of a steel rule to perform specific tasks
- Practice measuring objects with a steel rule
- Compare measurements with peers

What techniques ensure precision when using a steel rule?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 68
- Steel rules
- Objects to measure
- Recording sheets
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 69
- Vernier callipers
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 70
- Stopwatches
- Ammeters and voltmeters
- Electrical components
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 71
- Dividers
- Materials for marking
- Reference materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a try-square
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a marking gauge

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a try-square to perform a given task
- Check for squareness and mark right angles
- Appreciate precision in right-angle marking

- Demonstrate the use of a try-square
- Practice checking squareness of objects
- Mark 90-degree lines on various materials

Why is squareness important in construction and manufacturing?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 72
- Try-squares
- Materials for marking
- Sample objects
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 73
- Marking gauges
- Sample projects

- Practical assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a dot punch
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a scriber and marking knife

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a dot punch to perform a given task
- Create precise indentations for drilling
- Value the importance of precise starting points

- Demonstrate the use of a dot punch
- Practice creating indentations on materials
- Discuss the importance of center-punching before drilling

Why is center-punching important before drilling operations?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 74
- Dot punches
- Hammers
- Materials for marking
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 75
- Scribers and marking knives
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written test

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Caring for measuring tools
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Caring for marking out tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Care for measuring tools in the work environment
- Explain proper storage and maintenance procedures
- Value tool maintenance for longevity

- Practice cleaning measuring tools
- Demonstrate proper storage of measuring tools
- Discuss maintenance routines for different tools

Why is proper care of measuring tools important?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 76
- Measuring tools
- Cleaning supplies
- Storage containers
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 77
- Marking out tools
- Maintenance tools

- Practical assessment - Observation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Importance of measuring and marking out tools
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Field visit and tool observation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of measuring and marking out tools
- Discuss how these tools improve quality of work
- Recognize the importance of these tools

- Discuss the importance of measuring and marking out tools when performing tasks
- Create charts showing the importance of these tools
- Discuss accuracy, consistency, and efficiency benefits

Why are measuring and marking out tools essential in production?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 78
- Reference materials
- Chart papers
- Digital resources
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 79
- Field notebooks
- Digital cameras

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Application in project planning
Computer Hardware - Meaning of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply measuring and marking skills to project planning
- Design a simple project requiring these tools
- Show creativity in project design

- Identify a simple hands-on project to work on
- Sketch a plan with measurements and design features
- Discuss required measuring and marking tools for the project

How do measuring and marking tools contribute to successful project completion?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 80
- Project materials
- Drawing supplies
- Measuring and marking tools
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 85
- Computers and components
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Project assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Hardware - Input devices
Computer Hardware - Output devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input devices used in computing
- Explain the function of various input devices
- Appreciate the diversity of input devices

- Identify and use input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone)
- Practice typing, using a mouse, scanning documents, and recording voice
- Discuss the function of each input device

How do input devices enable human-computer interaction?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 86
- Input devices
- Computers
- Digital resources
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 87
- Output devices

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Hardware - Storage devices
Computer Hardware - Categorizing hardware devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify storage devices used in computing
- Differentiate between fixed and removable storage
- Show interest in data storage technologies

- Identify storage devices (hard drives, USB drives, memory cards, CDs/DVDs)
- Discuss the difference between fixed and removable storage
- Practice saving and retrieving files using different storage devices

How have storage devices evolved over time?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 88
- Storage devices
- Computers
- Digital resources
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 89
- Computer hardware components
- Classification materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Hardware - Using computer hardware
Computer Hardware - Importance of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use computer hardware to perform tasks
- Connect and operate different hardware devices
- Value the efficiency of computer hardware

- Perform tasks using input devices (typing, scanning, etc.)
- Create outputs using output devices (printing, displaying on screen)
- Save and retrieve files using storage devices

How do we select appropriate hardware for specific tasks?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 90
- Computer hardware
- Task cards
- Digital resources
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 91
- Reference materials
- Chart papers

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Entrepreneurship

Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Meaning of entrepreneurship
Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Importance of entrepreneurship
Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Qualities of an entrepreneur
Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Self-assessment of entrepreneurial qualities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of entrepreneurship
- Define the term entrepreneur
- Value the role of entrepreneurs

- Brainstorm and present the meaning of the terms 'entrepreneur' and 'entrepreneurship'
- Study pictures and stories about entrepreneurs
- Discuss the meaning based on examples

Why is entrepreneurship important in the community?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 92
- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 93
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 94
- Video clips
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 95
- Self-assessment tools

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Sources of business ideas
Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Evaluating business opportunities
Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Factors for business success
Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Role of entrepreneurship in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore sources of business ideas for a business venture
- Identify different ways to generate business ideas
- Show interest in business idea generation

- Use available resources to search for and present the meaning and sources of business ideas
- Discuss how entrepreneurs get business ideas from different sources
- Compile a list of business ideas

What are the sources of innovative business ideas?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 96
- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 97
- Evaluation tools
- Chart papers

- Question and answer - Practical assessment - Peer assessment

Entrepreneurship

Production Unit - Meaning of production unit
Production Unit - Factors for locating a production unit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of a production unit
- Identify different types of production units
- Value production units in the economy

- Discuss the meaning of the term 'production unit' based on pictures
- Take pictures or draw production units in the local area
- Create a poster of a production unit

What constitutes a production unit?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 98
- Digital cameras
- Poster materials
- Reference materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 99
- Digital resources
- Case studies

- Question and answer - Practical assessment - Peer assessment

Entrepreneurship

Production Unit - Visiting local production units
Production Unit - Size determinants of a production unit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze factors that influenced the location of a particular production unit
- Conduct field research on production units
- Appreciate location decisions in business

- Visit local production units (salon, barbershop, welding workshop, posho mill)
- Ask owners why they chose their location
- Present findings to the class

How do local entrepreneurs determine the best location for their businesses?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 100
- Field notebooks
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 101
- Case studies

- Field report assessment - Presentation assessment - Peer assessment

Entrepreneurship

Production Unit - Analysis of production unit size factors
Production Unit - Importance of suitable location

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present factors that determine the size of a production unit
- Explain the relationship between size factors
- Show interest in business scale considerations

- Analyze the size of production units visited in earlier lessons
- Discuss factors that determined their size
- Create a chart showing size determinants

How do entrepreneurs decide on the optimal size for their production units?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 102
- Chart papers
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Role-play materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Entrepreneurship

Production Unit - Online research on location importance
Financial Goals - Meaning of financial goals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Research the importance of production unit location
- Organize and present research findings
- Appreciate the impact of location on business success

- Search online for information on the importance of locating a production unit in a suitable area
- Organize findings into a structured presentation
- Share findings with classmates

What research shows about the impact of location on business success?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 102
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Presentation materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 103
- Mind map materials
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Research assessment - Presentation assessment - Peer assessment

Entrepreneurship

Financial Goals - Importance of financial discipline
Financial Goals - Importance of setting financial goals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of financial discipline
- Discuss how financial discipline supports goal achievement
- Value disciplined financial management

- Listen to a resource person on the importance of financial discipline
- Discuss the importance of financial discipline using dialogue examples
- Role-play scenarios demonstrating financial discipline

What are the benefits of practicing financial discipline?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 104
- Resource person
- Role-play materials
- Reference materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 105
- Chart papers
- Digital resources

- Observation - Role-play assessment - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Financial Goals - Factors in setting financial goals
Financial Goals - Setting SMART financial goals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyse the factors to consider when setting financial goals
- Apply these factors to personal goal setting
- Value thorough financial planning

- Brainstorm and present on the factors to consider when setting financial goals
- Choose a financial goal and discuss relevant factors
- Watch videos on factors to consider in financial goal setting

What factors should be considered when setting financial goals?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 106
- Digital resources
- Video materials
- Reference materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 107
- Goal planning templates

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Financial Goals - Peer review of financial goals
Financial Goals - Observing financial discipline

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Assess financial goals using SMART criteria
- Provide constructive feedback on goals
- Value peer input in goal development

- Share financial goals with peers
- Check if goals are SMART
- Provide feedback and suggestions for improvement

How can peer feedback help improve financial goals?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 107
- Goal worksheets
- Feedback forms
- Reference materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 108
- Role-play materials
- Planning templates

- Peer assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Entrepreneurship
Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Financial Goals - Financial goal achievement strategies
Financial Goals - Monitoring and adjusting financial goals
Fire Safety - Identifying possible causes of fire outbreak in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop strategies for achieving financial goals
- Create action plans for financial goals
- Show commitment to financial goal achievement

- Discuss strategies for achieving financial goals
- Create detailed action plans for personal financial goals
- Share and refine strategies based on feedback

What strategies help ensure financial goals are achieved?

Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 109
- Planning templates
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Booklyst Master Pre-Technical Studies pg. 110
- Monitoring templates
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Internet access and reference books
- Pictures of fire outbreaks

- Practical assessment - Presentation assessment - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Flammable and combustible materials
Fire Safety - Ways of preventing fire outbreaks in the environment
Fire Safety - Extinguishing fires in the environment
Fire Safety - Importance of fire safety in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between flammable substances and combustible materials
- Identify examples of flammable substances and combustible materials
- Appreciate the importance of proper handling of flammable and combustible materials

- Use digital devices or print resources to search for the meaning of flammable substances, combustible materials, and electrical faults
- Draw a table and fill in examples of flammable substances and combustible materials
- Identify flammable and combustible materials from given pictures

How can flammable and combustible materials cause fire in the environment?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 2
- Digital devices
- Pictures of flammable and combustible materials
- Internet access
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 4
- Pictures showing fire prevention measures
- Digital resources
- Charts showing fire prevention measures
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 6
- Pictures showing firefighting techniques
- Firefighting equipment
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 8
- Resource person
- Workplace in the locality
- Fire safety equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Importance of data in an electronic device
Data Safety - Identifying threats to data in an electronic device
Computer Hardware - Meaning and classification
Computer Hardware - Input devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the terms data and information
- Explain the importance of data in electronic devices
- Value the need to protect data in electronic devices

- Brainstorm the meaning of data and information in an electronic device
- Use digital devices or relevant print media to find out the importance of data in electronic devices
- Outline the main points and share with classmates

Why is data important in electronic devices?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 10
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Charts and posters
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 11
- Pictures showing threats to data
- Internet access
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer hardware components
- Computer input devices (keyboards, mouse, scanners, etc.)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Output devices
Computer Hardware - Storage devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various output devices used in computing
- Classify output devices as hardcopy or softcopy
- Value the role of output devices in computing

- Use available resources to search for information on output devices
- Categorize output devices into hardcopy and softcopy devices
- Discuss the functions of various output devices
- Demonstrate the use of different output devices

How do output devices enhance user experience in computing?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer output devices (monitors, printers, speakers, etc.)
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Computer storage devices (hard drives, flash drives, memory cards, etc.)

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Using input devices
Computer Hardware - Using output devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the proper use of input devices
- Perform basic tasks using input devices
- Show confidence in using input devices

- Demonstrate how to use various input devices
- Practice using keyboards, mouse, scanners, and other input devices
- Perform specific tasks such as typing, scanning documents, and capturing images
- Share experiences using different input devices

How do we effectively use input devices for specific tasks?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer input devices
- Digital devices
- Task sheets
- Computer output devices

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Peer assessment - Task completion

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Using storage devices
Computer Hardware - Importance of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the proper use of storage devices
- Perform data storage and retrieval tasks
- Appreciate the importance of proper data storage

- Demonstrate how to use various storage devices
- Practice using hard drives, flash drives, memory cards, and other storage devices
- Perform specific tasks such as saving files, creating backups, and retrieving data
- Share experiences using different storage devices

How do we effectively use storage devices for data management?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer storage devices
- Digital devices
- Task sheets
- Reference materials
- Case studies on computer hardware applications

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Peer assessment - Task completion

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Maintenance of computer hardware
Computer Hardware - Safety when using computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify proper maintenance practices for computer hardware
- Demonstrate basic hardware maintenance procedures
- Value the importance of proper hardware maintenance

- Discuss proper maintenance practices for computer hardware
- Demonstrate basic maintenance procedures such as cleaning keyboards and monitors
- Research and present on common hardware issues and their solutions
- Create maintenance schedules for computer hardware

Why is proper maintenance of computer hardware important?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer hardware components
- Cleaning materials
- Maintenance guides
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Safety posters
- Case studies on computer-related health issues

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Technological trends in computer hardware
Consumer and Investor Protection - Meaning and importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify current trends in computer hardware
- Explain how technological advancements have improved computer hardware
- Show interest in keeping up with technological trends

- Research and discuss current trends in computer hardware
- Compare older hardware with newer versions
- Create timelines showing the evolution of computer hardware
- Debate on the impact of technological advancements on computer hardware

How have technological advancements shaped computer hardware evolution?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Internet access
- Historical and current images of computer hardware
- Case studies on consumer and investor protection

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Debate participation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Consumer and Investor Protection - Ways of protecting consumers and investors
Consumer and Investor Protection - Role of organizations in protection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which consumers protect themselves
- Explain ways in which the government protects consumers and investors
- Show concern for consumer and investor rights

- Share experiences on ways in which consumers and investors protect themselves
- Discuss and present on ways in which the Government protects consumers and investors
- Research on consumer protection laws and regulations
- Role-play scenarios involving consumer and investor protection

How do consumers and investors protect themselves from exploitation?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Case studies on consumer and investor protection
- Government publications on consumer protection
- Resource person
- Publications from consumer protection organizations

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Role-play performance

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies
Communication
Communication

Consumer and Investor Protection - Government financial regulators
Business Communication - Forms of communication
Business Communication - Channels of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify government financial regulators in Kenya
- Explain the roles of financial regulators
- Appreciate the role of government in financial regulation

- Read and analyze a case study on Government financial regulators in Kenya
- Research on specific financial regulators such as the Central Bank of Kenya, Capital Markets Authority, and Insurance Regulatory Authority
- Discuss the functions of each regulator
- Create presentations on financial regulation in Kenya

How do government financial regulators protect consumers and investors?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Digital devices
- Case studies on financial regulation
- Reference materials
- Government publications on financial regulation
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 18
- Charts showing forms of communication
- Charts showing communication channels

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Case study analysis

Communication

Business Communication - Factors in selecting communication channels
Business Communication - Effective communication skills
Business Communication - Communication barriers
Business Communication - Ethical practices in communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors considered when selecting channels of communication
- Explain how these factors influence channel selection
- Demonstrate good judgment in selecting appropriate communication channels

- Discuss and present the factors considered when selecting channels of communication
- Analyze scenarios requiring different communication channels
- Create decision trees for selecting appropriate communication channels
- Role-play selecting communication channels for different situations

What factors should be considered when selecting a communication channel?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 18
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Case studies on communication channel selection
- Communication skills guides
- Case studies on communication barriers
- Case studies on ethical communication

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Role-play performance

Communication

Business Communication - Importance of effective communication
Plain Scale Drawing - Features of a plain scale
Plain Scale Drawing - Constructing a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of effective communication in a work environment
- Identify the consequences of poor communication
- Appreciate the role of communication in business success

- Discuss the importance of effective communication in different work environments
- Share experiences of how communication affects business outcomes
- Create presentations on the impact of effective communication
- Debate on the role of communication in business success

How does effective communication contribute to business success?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 18
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Case studies on communication impact
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 41
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Charts showing plain scales
- Plain papers
- Charts showing construction steps

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Debate participation

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Interpreting a plain scale
Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing plane figures to scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Read measurements from a plain scale
- Convert measurements according to the scale
- Show confidence in interpreting plain scales

- Discuss how to read plain scales
- Practice reading measurements from different plain scales
- Convert actual measurements to scaled measurements and vice versa
- Solve problems involving plain scale interpretation

How do we interpret measurements from a plain scale?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 43
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain scales
- Measurement problems
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 45
- Plain papers
- Rulers and calculators

- Observation - Problem-solving assessment - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Applications of scale drawing
Plain Scale Drawing - Use of plain scale drawing in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of scale drawing in different fields
- Draw objects to scale for specific purposes
- Appreciate the importance of scale drawing in real-life applications

- Practice drawing plane figures to a given plain scale
- Discuss applications of scale drawing in architecture, engineering, and cartography
- Create scale drawings of classroom objects or school buildings
- Share and evaluate scale drawings

How is scale drawing applied in different fields?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 48
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain papers
- Examples of scale drawings
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 49
- Examples of professional scale drawings
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral presentations - Peer evaluation

Communication

Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming
Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming and visual programming applications
- Identify characteristics of visual programming
- Show interest in visual programming

- Brainstorm on the meaning of the terms 'visual programming' and 'visual programming application'
- Study pictures of visual programming environments
- Discuss the characteristics of visual programming
- Compare visual programming to text-based programming

What is visual programming and how does it differ from traditional programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 51
- Digital devices
- Pictures of visual programming environments
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 52
- Internet access
- Examples of visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications
Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify specific examples of visual programming applications
- Explain the features of different visual programming applications
- Show interest in exploring visual programming applications

- Brainstorm on examples of visual programming applications (Microsoft MakeCode, Scratch, Sprite box)
- Identify visual programming applications shown by their icons
- Discuss the features of each visual programming application
- Compare different visual programming applications

What are the popular visual programming applications available today?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 54
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Icons of visual programming applications
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 55
- Visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Input features in visual programming
Visual Programming - Terminologies used in visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features in visual programming applications
- Demonstrate how to use input features
- Show confidence in using input features

- Open the scratch application and explore input features
- Use the "Ask command" from the sensing blocks
- Demonstrate how to input different types of data
- Create simple programs using input features

How do input features work in visual programming applications?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 56
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Programming glossaries

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Program assessment - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Sequence statements in programming
Visual Programming - Variables in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Appreciate the importance of proper sequencing in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Test and debug sequence-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why is the correct sequence important in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Repeating statements in programming
Visual Programming - Selection statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements
- Appreciate the efficiency of using loops in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements such as "forever," "repeat until," and "repeat n times"
- Test and debug loop-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why are repeating statements essential in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating a simple animation (Cat walking)
Visual Programming - Creating an animation (Flying bat)
Visual Programming - Creating an animation with user interaction
Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a simple animation program
- Create an animation of a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Show creativity in programming animations

- Follow guided steps to open a new project in Scratch
- Create a program that animates a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Test and debug the animation program
- Share and evaluate created animations

How can we create simple animations using visual programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 60
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Visual programming applications
- Case studies on visual programming applications

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration