Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Early forms of transport

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify main forms of early transport
- Describe characteristics of early forms of transport
- Appreciate evolution of transport

- Learners discuss the meaning of transport
- Learners use digital or print resources to find out the main early forms of transport (human porterage, pack animals, log boats and rafts)
- Learners sketch the early forms of transport and present in class

How were people and goods transported in the past?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 92
- Pictures of early forms of transport
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Observation - Oral questions - Projects

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Modern forms of transport

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify modern forms of transport in Kenya
- Classify different modern forms of transport
- Value modern forms of transport

- Learners develop self-confidence as they think, pair and share modern forms of transport in Kenya
- Learners discuss the modern forms of transport in Kenya
- Learners write down modern forms of transport identified and share in class

Why is transport important in development?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of modern forms of transport
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Road safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of maintaining road safety in society
- Draw and interpret road signs in Kenya
- Apply safety precautions in using means of transport

- Learners find out ways of observing road safety in Kenya
- Learners explain the meaning of different road signs
- Learners draw traffic lights and show red, green and amber colors with their meanings

Why is it important to observe road safety?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Pictures of road signs
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Resource person

- Observation - Written assignments - Projects

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Road safety practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Role play how to observe traffic rules
- Apply road safety measures in daily life
- Value the importance of observing road safety

- Learners role play how to observe traffic rules while using the road
- Learners observe safety precautions as they role play how to use means of transport
- Learners write a report on the safety measures that should be observed while using means of transport

How can we apply road safety measures in our daily lives?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Pictures of road signs
- Digital devices
- Traffic park (if available)

- Role play - Observation - Written assignments

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Road safety practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Role play how to observe traffic rules
- Apply road safety measures in daily life
- Value the importance of observing road safety

- Learners role play how to observe traffic rules while using the road
- Learners observe safety precautions as they role play how to use means of transport
- Learners write a report on the safety measures that should be observed while using means of transport

How can we apply road safety measures in our daily lives?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Pictures of road signs
- Digital devices
- Traffic park (if available)

- Role play - Observation - Written assignments

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Role in national development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of modern forms of transport in national development
- Create messages on importance of transport
- Appreciate the role of transport in national development

- Learners discuss the role of modern forms of transport in national development
- Learners create a communication message appreciating the role of modern forms of transport in national development
- Learners display the message on the school's noticeboard

How has transport contributed to our national development?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Manila paper
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Oral questions - Projects - Written assignments

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Communication - Early forms of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify main early forms of communication
- Describe characteristics of early forms of communication
- Value the evolution of communication

- Learners identify early forms of communication shown in pictures
- Learners discuss early forms of communication such as ululations, drumming, fire signals and smoke signals
- Learners outline other forms of early communication in their notebooks

Why is communication important?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
- Pictures of early forms of communication
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Communication - Modern means of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify modern means of communication
- Classify different modern means of communication
- Value the importance of modern means of communication

- Learners identify and name different means of communication shown in pictures
- Learners find seven means of communication from a wordsearch
- Learners discuss modern means of communication in Kenya using digital resources/print media

How have modern means of communication improved our lives?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 103
- Pictures of modern means of communication
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral questions

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Communication - Illustrating means of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Illustrate modern means of communication used in community
- Draw different modern means of communication
- Show creativity in illustrating means of communication

- Learners tick or cross the modern means of communication used in their community
- Learners draw the modern means of communication used in their community
- Learners exchange the drawings and peer assess each other's work

Which modern means of communication are used in our community?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 104
- Pictures of modern means of communication
- Drawing materials
- Digital devices

- Projects - Observation - Peer assessment

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Communication - Role in society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of modern means of communication in Kenya
- Role play telephone conversations
- Appreciate the importance of communication in society

- Learners discuss the role of modern means of communication in Kenya
- Learners role play telephone conversation between two people
- Learners recite a poem on communication
- Learners prepare a communication message on the role of modern means of communication

How has communication transformed our society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
- Pictures of modern means of communication
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Role play - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

Traditional Leaders in Kenya - Leadership qualities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the leadership qualities of selected traditional leaders in Kenya
- Discuss leadership qualities of Kivoi wa Mwendwa and Mekatilili wa Menza
- Appreciate the leadership qualities of traditional leaders

- Learners brainstorm leadership qualities of the selected traditional leaders in Kenya (Kivoi wa Mwendwa and Mekatilili wa Menza)
- Learners discuss in pairs the leadership qualities of Kivoi wa Mwendwa and Mekatilili wa Menza
- Learners present their findings in class

Why are traditional leaders important in the community?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
- Pictures of traditional leaders
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

Traditional Leaders in Kenya - Contributions
Traditional Leaders in Kenya - Role in communities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline the contributions of selected traditional leaders in Kenya
- Illustrate the contributions of selected traditional leaders in Kenya
- Value the contributions of traditional leaders

- Learners use digital devices to find contributions of Mekatilili wa Menza
- Learners use digital devices to find contributions of Kivoi wa Mwendwa
- Learners discuss the contributions of the two traditional leaders

What contributions did traditional leaders make to their communities?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 111
- Pictures of traditional leaders
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Political Systems and Governance

Traditional Leaders in Kenya - Creative displays
Early Forms of Government in Kenya - Traditional governance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a photomontage with pictures of traditional leaders
- Display portraits/pictures of traditional leaders
- Show creativity in displaying information about traditional leaders

- Learners create a photomontage with pictures of Kivoi wa Mwendwa and Mekatilili wa Menza with their contributions
- Learners collect and creatively display portraits/pictures of the selected traditional leaders in Kenya
- Learners draw, color and display in class pictures of selected traditional leaders

How can we preserve the legacy of traditional leaders?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112
- Pictures of traditional leaders
- Drawing materials
- Manila paper
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Resource person
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Projects - Observation - Peer assessment

Political Systems and Governance

Early Forms of Government in Kenya - The Maasai
Early Forms of Government in Kenya - The Ameru

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the early form of government among the Maasai
- Identify the duties of the Laibon and Morans
- Value the Maasai traditional governance system

- Learners discuss leaders from the Maasai community shown in pictures
- Learners research on the early form of government among the Maasai
- Learners discuss the duties of Laibon and Morans among the Maasai

How was the Maasai community governed in the past?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 114
- Pictures of Maasai leaders
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures of Ameru council of elders

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Research projects

Political Systems and Governance

Early Forms of Government in Kenya - Comparison

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare early forms of government of the Maasai and Ameru
- Identify similarities and differences between governance systems
- Show interest in learning about different governance systems

- Learners talk about similarities and differences between the Maasai and the Ameru traditional forms of government
- Learners identify differences and similarities between the Maasai and Ameru forms of government from a journal
- Learners write other similarities and differences among the Ameru and the Maasai early forms of government

What were the similarities and differences between the Maasai and Ameru governance systems?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 117
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Political Systems and Governance

Early Forms of Government in Kenya - Role play

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Role play the traditional form of government of the Maasai
- Role play the traditional form of government of the Ameru
- Appreciate different traditional governance systems

- Learners role play the traditional form of government of the Maasai where one learner is the paramount chief and others are chiefs
- Learners role play the traditional form of government of the Ameru where some boys form a Njuri Ncheke
- Learners present the role plays to the class

How can we better understand traditional governance systems?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 118
- Traditional attire (if available)
- Props for role play
- Digital devices

- Role play - Observation - Peer assessment

Political Systems and Governance

Early Forms of Government in Kenya - Best practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply best practices from the early forms of government
- Prepare a journal on importance of early forms of government
- Value traditional methods of governance

- Learners discuss how the early forms of government solved disputes among the people
- Learners discuss the importance of early forms of government in Kenya
- Learners prepare a journal on what they have learned on the importance of early forms of government in Kenya

How can we apply practices from traditional governance in modern governance?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Charts

- Journal entries - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

Citizenship in Kenya - Becoming a citizen

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State how one becomes a citizen in Kenya
- Identify different ways of acquiring Kenyan citizenship
- Appreciate the value of citizenship

- Learners talk about the country they belong to and give reasons
- Learners discuss who a Kenyan citizen is
- Learners use a digital device to find out ways in which one can become a Kenyan citizen

How can one become a Kenyan citizen?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Political Systems and Governance

Citizenship in Kenya - Dual citizenship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the requirements for dual citizenship in Kenya
- Identify documents needed for dual citizenship
- Appreciate the concept of dual citizenship

- Learners discuss what dual citizenship is
- Learners discuss how one can become a citizen of Kenya and another country
- Learners identify the requirements for dual citizenship in Kenya

What are the requirements for dual citizenship in Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Political Systems and Governance

Citizenship in Kenya - Good citizenship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate good citizenship for personal and social wellbeing
- Identify qualities of a good citizen
- Show willingness to be a good citizen

- Learners discuss the qualities of a good Kenyan citizen
- Learners discuss how one can demonstrate good citizenship at school and home
- Learners discuss why good citizenship is important
- Learners create a poster with a message on good citizenship

How can we promote responsible citizenship?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123
- Manila paper
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Observation - Projects - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

National Unity in Kenya - National symbols

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify national symbols in Kenya
- Describe the features of different national symbols
- Appreciate national symbols as unifying factors

- Learners brainstorm on national symbols in Kenya (The Coat of arms, The national flag, the national anthem and the Public Seal)
- Learners use appropriate media to identify the national symbols in Kenya
- Learners sing and write the three stanzas of the national anthem of Kenya

How can we promote national unity in our country?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
- Pictures of national symbols
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

National Unity in Kenya - Factors promoting unity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain factors which promote national unity in Kenya
- Identify ways of promoting national unity
- Develop national awareness for social cohesion

- Learners discuss the factors that promote national unity in Kenya
- Learners discuss how we can promote national unity
- Learners read a story and discuss how national days, symbols and language promote national unity

What factors promote national unity in Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Political Systems and Governance

National Unity in Kenya - Factors promoting unity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain factors which promote national unity in Kenya
- Identify ways of promoting national unity
- Develop national awareness for social cohesion

- Learners discuss the factors that promote national unity in Kenya
- Learners discuss how we can promote national unity
- Learners read a story and discuss how national days, symbols and language promote national unity

What factors promote national unity in Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Political Systems and Governance

National Unity in Kenya - Illustrating symbols

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Illustrate the national symbols using locally available materials
- Create models of national symbols
- Embrace a sense of nationhood and patriotism

- Learners discuss the national symbols with their friends
- Learners illustrate the national symbols in their drawing book
- Learners collect locally available materials and create models of national symbols

How can we show respect for our national symbols?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Colored papers
- Glue
- Paint and brushes
- Manila paper

- Projects - Observation - Peer assessment

Political Systems and Governance

Human Rights - Basic human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the basic human rights in Kenya
- Discuss different categories of human rights
- Value the importance of human rights

- Learners read and discuss what is written on cards about human rights
- Learners use the internet or relevant resources to find out the meaning of human rights
- Learners recite a poem on human rights

Why is it important to respect human rights?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

Human Rights - Importance in society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of human rights in society
- Write a report on the importance of human rights
- Appreciate the role of human rights in society

- Learners look at pictures and talk about what is happening in each picture
- Learners identify human rights represented in the pictures
- Learners discuss the importance of human rights shown in each picture
- Learners write a report on the importance of human rights

How does respecting human rights benefit society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 133
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Oral questions - Written reports - Observation

Political Systems and Governance

Human Rights - Creating awareness

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create awareness on the importance of respecting human rights
- Design posters promoting human rights
- Show commitment to respecting human rights

- Learners talk about how they can show respect for human rights
- Learners discuss how they would encourage others to respect human rights
- Learners create a poster on importance of respecting human rights

How can we create awareness about human rights?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134
- Manila paper
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Projects - Observation - Peer assessment

Political Systems and Governance

Human Rights - Assertiveness

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply assertiveness to protect human rights in society
- Act out scenarios showing protection of human rights
- Show responsibility in protecting human rights

- Learners use digital devices to find out the meaning of assertiveness
- Learners tell their classmates how they can apply assertiveness to protect human rights in society
- Learners act a skit on how to apply assertiveness in protecting human rights in various scenarios

How can we apply assertiveness to protect human rights?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 136
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Props for skit

- Skit performance - Observation - Oral questions

Political Systems and Governance

Democracy in Society - Types of democracy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of democracy in Kenya
- Distinguish between direct and indirect democracy
- Value democratic processes

- Learners discuss how their parents or guardians make decisions at home
- Learners discuss how teachers make decisions at school
- Learners use the internet to find out the meaning of democracy and types of democracy in Kenya

How can we practice democracy in our society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Political Systems and Governance

Democracy in Society - Types of democracy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of democracy in Kenya
- Distinguish between direct and indirect democracy
- Value democratic processes

- Learners discuss how their parents or guardians make decisions at home
- Learners discuss how teachers make decisions at school
- Learners use the internet to find out the meaning of democracy and types of democracy in Kenya

How can we practice democracy in our society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Political Systems and Governance

Democracy in Society - Benefits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain benefits of democracy in society
- Create a poster on benefits of democracy
- Appreciate the value of democracy

- Learners engage with a resource person who talks about the benefits of democracy
- Learners read a story and identify benefits of democracy from the story
- Learners make a colorful poster on the benefits of democracy in society

What are the benefits of democracy in our society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139
- Manila paper
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Observation - Projects - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

Democracy in Society - Practicing democracy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice democracy in governance in the community
- Demonstrate democratic processes
- Show commitment to democratic principles

- Learners discuss how they can practice democracy in governance in school and community
- Learners debate on the points raised in class
- Learners role play election of their class leadership

How can we ensure democracy in our day-to-day activities?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140
- Voting materials
- Digital devices
- Resource person

- Role play - Observation - Debate

Political Systems and Governance

National Government - Three arms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the three arms of the National Government in Kenya
- Illustrate the three arms of the National Government
- Desire to participate in national governance

- Learners discuss the three arms of the National Government in Kenya
- Learners identify the composition of the three arms of government from a radio program
- Learners complete a diagram showing the three arms of the National Government with their members

How does the government work?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Manila paper

- Oral questions - Projects - Written assignments