Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Protons, electrons and neutrons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term atom
- Describe the structure of an atom
- Show interest in learning about atoms

- Discuss the meaning of an atom and illustrate its structure
- Search the Internet or use reference books to get information about the atom
- Draw the structure of an atom

How is the structure of the atom important?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Internet access and reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Protons, electrons and neutrons
Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number
Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Explain the location and electrical charges of subatomic particles
- Show interest in the study of atoms

- Determine the mass number of elements
- Work out the number of neutrons in various elements
- Appreciate the relationship between atomic number and mass number

- Discuss the composition of an atom
- Locate the components within the atom
- Discuss the electrical charges of protons, electrons and neutrons
- Work collaboratively to determine mass numbers
- Complete a table showing atomic numbers, number of neutrons and mass numbers
- Discuss the relationship between atomic number and mass number

How small are atoms and are they divisible?
How is the mass number of an element calculated?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 1
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts showing atomic structure
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 2
- Periodic table
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 3
- Periodic table
- Internet access
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 5

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests
- Observation - Oral questions - Written questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement
Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write electron arrangements for the first 20 elements
- Show the distribution of electrons in energy levels
- Appreciate the pattern in electron arrangements

- Write electron arrangements for the first 20 elements
- Organize the elements according to their electron arrangements
- Identify patterns in electron arrangements

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy each energy level?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 5
- Periodic table
- Reference books
- Internet access
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 7
- Manila paper and felt pens

- Written assignments - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams
Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw electron dot or cross diagrams for various elements
- Label the energy levels correctly
- Appreciate the importance of energy level diagrams

- Draw dot or cross diagrams for elements
- Compare diagrams with charts
- Display completed diagrams for assessment

What information can be derived from energy level diagrams?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 7
- Charts
- Manila paper
- Colored pencils
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 8
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Periodic table

- Observation - Portfolio assessment - Peer evaluation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals
Structure of the atom - Model the atomic structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the features of metals based on electron arrangement
- Identify the features of non-metals based on electron arrangement
- Distinguish metals from non-metals

- Study electron arrangements of metals and non-metals
- Identify the pattern in electron arrangements
- Draw conclusions on classification

What makes an element a metal or a non-metal?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 8
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Periodic table
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 9
- Locally available materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Model the atomic structure
Structure of the atom - Review and assessment
Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Model the atomic structure of selected elements
- Label different parts of the atomic models
- Show creativity in modeling atomic structures

- Identify metals and non-metals in the environment
- List characteristics used to identify metals
- Show interest in identifying metals and non-metals

- Construct models of atomic structures
- Label different parts of the models
- Present models to class for assessment
- Walk around the school compound to identify metallic and non-metallic substances
- Discuss reasons for identification
- Compare findings with other groups

What materials can be used to create effective atomic models?
How would you identify metallic and non-metallic substances in your environment?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 9
- Locally available materials
- Glue, scissors, colored papers
- Markers and labels
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 10
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 12
- Various metallic and non-metallic objects
- Writing materials
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts showing melting points

- Observation - Project assessment - Peer evaluation
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate electrical conductivity of metals
- Explain why metals conduct electricity
- Show interest in investigating properties of metals

- Set up an electric circuit
- Test conductivity of various metals
- Record and discuss observations

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 13
- Dry cells, connecting wires
- Metallic samples
- Bulbs and crocodile clips
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 14
- Metal rods
- Candles, matches
- Heat source
- Clamp and stand

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate malleability of metals
- Explain how malleability is used in making metal products
- Appreciate the application of malleability

- Place metal samples on iron block
- Strike with hammer and observe changes
- Discuss observations and applications

How is the property of malleability useful in daily life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 15
- Iron nails, copper wire
- Zinc rod, hammer
- Iron block
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 16
- Internet access
- Print media
- Wire samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define what an alloy is
- Describe the composition of common alloys
- Show interest in learning about alloys

- Search for information on alloy production
- Discuss the composition of common alloys
- Present findings in a table

What are alloys and how are they made?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 18
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Alloy samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 19
- Padlocks, keys, door hinges
- Spoons, kitchen knives
- Water taps, rivets

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals and alloys
Metals and Alloys - Rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of common metals in daily life
- Relate the properties of metals to their uses
- Appreciate the importance of metals

- Explain what rusting is
- Discuss the causes of rusting
- Show interest in causes of rusting

- Search for information on uses of metals
- Compile findings in a table format
- Present findings to class
- Search for information on rusting
- Discuss causes of rusting
- Write down findings

How are metals used in day-to-day life?
What causes metals to rust?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 21
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Metal samples
- Alloy samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 23
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Rusted metal samples
- Test tubes, nails
- Water, oil, cotton wool
- Anhydrous calcium chloride

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of rusting
- Discuss the economic impact of rusting
- Appreciate the importance of preventing rusting

- Discuss the effects of rusting
- Examine rusted items
- Calculate the cost of replacing rusted items

What are the effects of rusting?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 24
- Rusted metal samples
- Internet access
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 25
- Materials for demonstrations

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Review and assessment
Water Hardness - Physical properties of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about metals and alloys
- Attempt questions on metals and alloys
- Show confidence in understanding metals and alloys

- Review key concepts
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems

Why is knowledge about metals and alloys important?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 26
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 27
- Boiling tubes
- Colored solutions
- Test tubes rack
- Color chart

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Physical properties of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test for the odor of water
- Test for the taste of water
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Smell water samples using correct technique
- Taste water samples (safe samples only)
- Record observations

What makes water tasteless and odorless?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 27
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Test tubes
- Droppers
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 28
- Beaker, thermometer
- Heat source
- Tripod stand, clamp
- Distilled water

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare lathering abilities of different water samples
- Test water samples with soap
- Classify water as hard or soft

- Distinguish between temporary and permanent hardness
- Identify the compounds that cause hardness
- Show interest in types of water hardness

- Test lathering ability of water samples
- Observe formation of lather
- Group water samples based on lathering
- Discuss types of water hardness
- Identify compounds causing hardness
- Present findings to class

How is the lathering ability of water related to hardness?
What is the difference between temporary and permanent hardness?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 29
- Water samples
- Liquid soap
- Test tubes with corks
- Droppers
- Internet access
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 30
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Hard water samples
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water
Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline disadvantages of hard water
- Explain problems caused by hard water
- Appreciate the importance of understanding water hardness

- Research disadvantages of hard water
- Discuss effects on soap usage and appliances
- Present findings to class

What problems are associated with hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 31
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Scaled kettle elements
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 32
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by boiling
- Test the effectiveness of boiling
- Show interest in water treatment

- Boil samples of hard water
- Test water before and after boiling
- Compare results

How effective is boiling in softening hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 32
- Calcium hydrogen carbonate solution
- Soap solution
- Heat source
- Test tubes
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 33
- Sodium carbonate
- Filter paper and funnel

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by distillation
- Test the effectiveness of distillation
- Show interest in water treatment

- Set up distillation apparatus
- Distill hard water samples
- Test water before and after distillation

How effective is distillation in softening hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 34
- Round-bottomed flask
- Liebig condenser
- Heat source
- Hard water samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 35
- Previous experimental results
- Reference books
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Living Things and Their Environment

Water Hardness - Review and assessment
Nutrition in plants - Parts of a leaf
Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of a leaf
Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about water hardness
- Attempt questions on water hardness
- Show confidence in understanding water hardness

- Identify the internal structures of a leaf
- Draw and label the internal structure of a leaf
- Show interest in the internal structure of the leaf

- Review key concepts
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems
- Observe prepared slides of transverse sections of a leaf under a light microscope
- Identify various structures in the sections observed
- Draw and label the internal structure of the leaf

Why is understanding water hardness important in daily life?
How does the internal structure of a leaf relate to its function?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 36
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 64)
- Hand lens
- Variety of fresh leaves
- Labelled charts of a leaf
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 65)
- Prepared slides of leaf sections
- Light microscope
- Charts of leaf TS
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 66)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing leaf structures

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions
- Drawing skills - Observation checklist - Written questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Structure and function of chloroplast

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis
- Relate leaf adaptations to their functions
- Appreciate how adaptations enhance photosynthesis

- Search Internet or offline digital content for information on adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis
- Discuss how leaf features maximize photosynthesis
- Share findings with peers

How are leaves adapted to carry out photosynthesis efficiently?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 67)
- Digital resources
- Wall charts on leaf adaptations
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 68)
- Charts of chloroplast structure

- Oral questions - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Light and dark reactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of photosynthesis
- Identify raw materials and products of photosynthesis
- Appreciate the importance of photosynthesis

- Discuss pictorial summaries of photosynthesis
- Describe the light and dark stages of photosynthesis
- Discuss raw materials and their sources

What happens during the process of photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 69)
- Digital resources
- Charts on photosynthesis
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 70)
- Charts on photosynthesis stages

- Written test - Oral questions - Diagrams

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Products of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Gas produced during photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch in a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify products of photosynthesis
- Explain how products are formed and stored
- Appreciate the value of photosynthetic products

- Discuss the products of photosynthesis using reference materials
- Explain how each organic food substance is produced and stored
- Make notes on findings

What are the products of photosynthesis and how are they important?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 71)
- Charts on photosynthesis
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 72)
- Water plants (Elodea)
- Test tubes, beakers
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 73)
- Fresh leaves
- Iodine solution
- Methylated spirit, hot water

- Written test - Oral assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Conditions necessary for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Investigating light in photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Investigating carbon(IV) oxide in photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Investigating chlorophyll in photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Explain the role of different factors in photosynthesis
- Show interest in factors affecting photosynthesis

- Investigate the necessity of carbon(IV) oxide in photosynthesis
- Explain the role of carbon(IV) oxide in photosynthesis
- Demonstrate scientific skills in experimental design

- Search for information on conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Discuss the role of light, carbon(IV) oxide, chlorophyll, and water
- Share findings with class
- Set up apparatus with leaf in a flask containing sodium hydroxide
- Test the leaf for starch after exposure to light
- Compare with control leaf outside the flask

What conditions are necessary for photosynthesis to occur?
Why is carbon(IV) oxide necessary for photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 74)
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 75)
- Potted plant
- Light-proof material
- Iodine solution
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 76)
- Potted plant
- Conical flask, cork
- Sodium hydroxide pellets
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 77)
- Plant with variegated leaves
- Iodine solution
- Methylated spirit

- Written questions - Oral assessment - Observation
- Practical skills - Written reports - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Investigating water in photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the necessity of water in photosynthesis
- Explain how water shortage affects plant growth
- Design a project to compare plants under different water conditions

- Study photographs of plants exposed to different moisture conditions
- Discuss characteristics of each group of plants
- Design a simple investigation on water requirements

How does water availability affect photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 78)
- Photographs of plants under different water conditions
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 79)
- Reference books

- Project design - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss different modes of nutrition in animals
- Differentiate between heterotrophic modes of nutrition
- Show interest in animal nutrition

- Search for information on modes of nutrition
- Discuss parasitic, saprophytic, symbiotic and holozoic nutrition
- Share findings with the class

How do animals obtain their food?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 80)
- Digital resources
- Charts on animal nutrition
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 81)
- Models of animal teeth
- Charts of teeth

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Types and structure of teeth
Nutrition in animals - Functions of different teeth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of teeth
- Describe the structure of teeth
- Appreciate the relationship between structure and function in teeth

- Examine models or specimens of different teeth types
- Draw and label external and internal structure of teeth
- Discuss functions of different teeth parts

How are teeth adapted to their functions?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 82)
- Models of teeth
- Digital resources
- Charts of teeth
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 83)
- Charts

- Drawings - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Classification based on dentition
Nutrition in animals - Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
Nutrition in animals - Digestive system in humans
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify animals based on their dentition
- Determine dental formula of different animals
- Show interest in dentition patterns

- Identify parts of the human digestive system
- Draw and label the digestive system
- Appreciate the organization of the digestive system

- Study specimens or models of jaws of different animals
- Count teeth in upper and lower jaws
- Determine dental formula of different animals
- Study charts on human digestive system
- Identify parts of the digestive system
- Draw and label the system

How are animals classified based on their dentition?
What are the main parts of the human digestive system?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 84)
- Specimens or models of animal jaws
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 85)
- Models or specimens of animal jaws
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 86)
- Charts of digestive system
- Models
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 87)
- Charts of digestive process

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Practical skills
- Drawings - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Absorption and assimilation
Reproduction in plants - Functions of parts of a flower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the process of absorption in the ileum
- Explain the process of assimilation of nutrients
- Appreciate the efficiency of the digestive system

- Discuss adaptations of the ileum to absorption
- Draw and label the structure of a villus
- Discuss fate of absorbed food substances

How are digested food substances absorbed and utilized?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 88)
- Charts of villi structure
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 86)
- Fresh flowers
- Hand lens
- Charts of flower structure

- Written assessment - Drawings - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Pollination
Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to insect pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define pollination
- Differentiate between self and cross-pollination
- Appreciate the importance of pollination

- Discuss the meaning of pollination
- Distinguish between self and cross-pollination
- Illustrate different types of pollination

What is pollination and why is it important?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 87)
- Digital resources
- Charts on pollination
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 88)
- Insect-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens
- Charts

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to wind pollination
Reproduction in plants - Field observation of pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of wind-pollinated flowers
- Explain adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
- Compare wind and insect pollination

- Examine a wind-pollinated flower
- Record structural features
- Discuss adaptations to wind pollination

How are flowers adapted to wind pollination?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 94)
- Wind-pollinated flowers (grass/maize)
- Hand lens
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 95)
- Flowers in school compound
- Camera/smartphone

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants
Reproduction in plants - Double fertilization
Reproduction in plants - Fruit formation
Reproduction in plants - Types of fruits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe structures containing male and female gametes
- Explain the process of fertilization in flowering plants
- Appreciate sexual reproduction in plants

- Describe the process of fruit formation
- Explain development of ovary into fruit
- Show interest in post-fertilization changes

- Search for information on fertilization in plants
- Study diagrams of pollen grains and embryo sacs
- Discuss pollen tube growth and fertilization
- Search for information on fruit formation
- Discuss events in fruit development
- Draw labeled diagrams of fruits

How does fertilization occur in flowering plants?
How does a fruit develop after fertilization?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 96)
- Digital resources
- Charts on plant fertilization
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 97)
- Charts on double fertilization
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 98)
- Digital resources
- Various fruits
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 99)
- Knife/scalpel
- Specimen dishes

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Drawings
- Drawings - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal
Reproduction in plants - Animals as dispersal agents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe different methods of dispersal
- Appreciate adaptations for dispersal

- Collect fruits and seeds from different plants
- Observe external features
- Group fruits according to dispersal methods

How are fruits and seeds dispersed?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 102)
- Various fruits and seeds
- Hand lens
- Specimen dishes
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 106)
- Fruits with hooks (black jack)
- Succulent fruits

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Water as a dispersal agent
Reproduction in plants - Wind as a dispersal agent

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify fruits dispersed by water
- Explain adaptations for water dispersal
- Appreciate plant-environment interactions

- Observe fruits adapted for water dispersal
- Identify buoyancy adaptations
- Discuss features of water-dispersed fruits

How are fruits adapted for dispersal by water?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 107)
- Coconut fruit if available
- Pictures of water-dispersed fruits
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 108)
- Wind-dispersed fruits/seeds
- Hand lens

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Self-dispersal mechanism
Reproduction in plants - Importance of dispersal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe explosive dispersal mechanism
- Explain adaptations for self-dispersal
- Appreciate diversity in dispersal methods

- Observe fruits with explosive dispersal
- Identify legumes and other explosive fruits
- Discuss explosive mechanism process

How do some plants disperse their seeds without external agents?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 109)
- Pods of legumes
- Castor oil fruits if available
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 110)
- Reference books

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Effect of agrochemicals
Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature
The interdependence of life - Components of the environment
The interdependence of life - Competition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Discuss impact on plant reproduction
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Define ecosystem, ecology and environment
- Identify biotic and abiotic components
- Show interest in interactions in ecosystems

- Search for information on agrochemicals
- Discuss categories of agrochemicals
- Analyze effects on pollinators and plant reproduction
- Study diagrams of ecosystems
- Identify living and non-living components
- Discuss relationships between organisms

How do agrochemicals affect pollination and reproduction in plants?
What is an ecosystem?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 111)
- Digital resources
- Charts on agrochemicals
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 115)
- Digital resources
- Charts of ecosystems
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 116)
- Reference books

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions
- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Predation
The interdependence of life - Parasitism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define predation, predator and prey
- Explain adaptations of predators and prey
- Show interest in predator-prey relationships

- Search for information on predation
- Discuss adaptations of predators and prey
- Analyze predator-prey population dynamics

How does predation affect population dynamics?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 117)
- Digital resources
- Videos on predation
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 119)
- Charts on parasitism

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Symbiosis
The interdependence of life - Saprophytism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define symbiosis
- Describe examples of symbiotic relationships
- Appreciate mutual benefits in symbiosis

- Search for information on symbiotic relationships
- Discuss root nodules, lichens, and ox-pecker relationships
- Analyze benefits to each partner

How do organisms benefit from symbiotic relationships?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 120)
- Digital resources
- Charts on symbiosis
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 121)
- Photographs of fungi

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Temperature effects
The interdependence of life - Light effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure environmental temperature
- Explain effects of temperature on organisms
- Show interest in abiotic factors

- Suspend thermometer to measure air temperature
- Measure soil and water temperature
- Discuss effects of temperature on organisms

How does temperature affect living organisms?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 122)
- Thermometers
- Water in basin
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 123)
- Light meter if available
- Secchi disc

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Atmospheric pressure
The interdependence of life - Humidity effects
The interdependence of life - Wind effects
The interdependence of life - pH and salinity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define atmospheric pressure
- Explain effects of atmospheric pressure on organisms
- Show interest in pressure as an ecological factor

- Define wind and explain how it is measured
- Describe effects of wind on organisms
- Show interest in wind as an ecological factor

- Discuss meaning of atmospheric pressure
- Explain how pressure changes with altitude
- Analyze effects on organisms
- Discuss meaning of wind and wind parameters
- Explain effects of wind on plants and animals
- Construct simple wind measuring instruments

How does atmospheric pressure affect organisms?
How does wind affect living organisms?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 124)
- Digital resources
- Barometer if available
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 125)
- Cobalt(II) chloride paper
- Forceps
- Stopwatch
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 126)
- Digital resources
- Materials for windsock/wind vane
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 127)
- Universal indicator paper
- Soil and water samples
- Test tubes

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions
- Practical skills - Written assessment - Group work

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Energy flow
The interdependence of life - Food chains

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain energy flow in ecosystems
- Describe trophic levels
- Appreciate energy transfer in nature

- Discuss energy flow from sun to producers and consumers
- Explain the concept of trophic levels
- Analyze energy loss between trophic levels

How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 128)
- Digital resources
- Charts on energy flow
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 129)
- Charts on food chains

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Food webs
The interdependence of life - National Parks ecosystem
The interdependence of life - Decomposers
The interdependence of life - Human activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define food web
- Construct food webs from food chains
- Appreciate complexity of feeding relationships

- Observe feeding habits of organisms
- Construct multiple food chains
- Combine food chains into food webs

How do food chains interact to form food webs?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 130)
- Digital resources
- Charts on food webs
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 131)
- Reference books on National Parks
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 132)
- School compost site
- Hand lens
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 133)
- Reference books

- Food web construction - Written assessment - Group presentations