COMMUNICATION IN PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Visual Programming - Explaining application areas of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of visual programming.
- identify application areas of visual programming software.
- appreciate the role of visual programming in solving problems.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the terms 'visual programming', 'mobile programming', and 'web development'.
- engage a resource person on the application areas of visual programming software in mobile programming and web development.
- discuss the responses given by the resource person.

How is visual programming software applied in solving problems?

Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, visual programming software
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 66
P.B pg. 67

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions

COMMUNICATION IN PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Visual Programming - Creating animations using visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify visual programming software for creating animations.
- explain the procedure for creating animations using visual programming software.
- appreciate the creative potential of visual programming.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the visual programming software that may be used to create animations.
- select a visual programming software to use (e.g., Scratch).
- use a digital device to search for and watch a video clip on how to create animations using the selected software.

How can visual programming software be used to create animations?

Digital devices, visual programming software, computer hardware, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 68
P.B pg. 69

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions

COMMUNICATION IN PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Visual Programming - Creating animations using visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain how to use coding blocks in visual programming software.
- create animations by selecting, dragging, and dropping coding blocks.
- appreciate the logical thinking required in programming.

The learner is guided to:
- explore different coding blocks in the visual programming software.
- select, drag, drop, and stack coding blocks for creating an animation.
- practice running the code and observing the animation.

How can coding blocks be used to create animations in visual programming software?

Digital devices, visual programming software, computer hardware, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 70
P.B pg. 71

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions

COMMUNICATION IN PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Visual Programming - Developing interactive stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain how interactive stories can be developed using visual programming.
- identify features needed for interactive storytelling.
- appreciate the creative aspects of interactive storytelling.

The learner is guided to:
- select a visual programming software to use (e.g., Scratch).
- use a digital device to search for and watch a video clip on how to develop an interactive story using the selected software.
- discuss the concept of interactive storytelling.

How can interactive stories be developed using visual programming software?

Digital devices, visual programming software, computer hardware, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 72
P.B pg. 73

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions

COMMUNICATION IN PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Visual Programming - Developing interactive stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- implement interactive elements in a story using coding blocks.
- add text and timing elements to an interactive story.
- appreciate the logical structure needed in storytelling.

The learner is guided to:
- select, drag, and drop coding blocks for developing the interactive story.
- enter lines of text for the interactive story.
- set timings to be used when running the interactive story.

How can text and timing be incorporated into an interactive story?

Digital devices, visual programming software, computer hardware, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 74
P.B pg. 75

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions

COMMUNICATION IN PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Visual Programming - Developing games using visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain how games can be developed using visual programming.
- identify elements required for game development.
- appreciate the role of games in learning and entertainment.

The learner is guided to:
- select a visual programming software to use (e.g., Scratch).
- use a digital device to search for and watch a video clip on how to develop a game using the selected software.
- discuss the concept of game development using visual programming.

How can games be developed using visual programming software?

Digital devices, visual programming software, computer hardware, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 76
P.B pg. 77

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions

COMMUNICATION IN PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Visual Programming - Developing games using visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- implement game mechanics using coding blocks.
- create variables and set points for the game.
- appreciate the logical thinking required in game development.

The learner is guided to:
- select, drag, and drop coding blocks for developing the game.
- create variables for tracking game state and score.
- set points and rewards for the game.

How can variables and scoring systems be implemented in a game?

Digital devices, visual programming software, computer hardware, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 78
P.B pg. 79

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions

COMMUNICATION IN PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Visual Programming - Embracing the use of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the benefits of visual programming in day-to-day life.
- develop a practical application using visual programming.
- appreciate the role of visual programming in problem-solving.

The learner is guided to:
- use the knowledge and skills learned to develop a simple calculator application.
- plan the calculator application, including interface and functionality.
- begin implementing the calculator application using visual programming software.

How can visual programming be used to solve problems in day-to-day life?

Digital devices, visual programming software, computer hardware, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 80
P.B pg. 81

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Classifying wood according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of wood.
- identify the physical characteristics of wood.
- appreciate the value of wood as a natural resource.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for the meaning of the term 'wood'.
- take a walk in the locality to observe trees and their characteristics.
- observe the leaves of different trees.
- ask people about different types of trees in the locality.

How is wood classified according to physical characteristics?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 83
P.B pg. 84

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Classifying wood according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- compare the weight of different types of wood.
- classify wood as either softwood or hardwood based on physical characteristics.
- appreciate the diverse properties of different wood types.

The learner is guided to:
- use a saw to cut equal pieces of wood with the guidance of a worker.
- compare the weight of pieces of the same size.
- engage with workers on other differences between softwood and hardwood.
- discuss the physical characteristics of wood.

What are the physical characteristics used to differentiate softwood from hardwood?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 85
P.B pg. 86

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Describing the preparation of wood for use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of wood preparation.
- describe the preparation process of wood for use in a workplace.
- appreciate the importance of proper wood preparation.

The learner is guided to:
- use print and digital media to search for the meaning of the terms: wood preparation, wood conversion, wood seasoning.
- request a resource person to explain the wood preparation process.
- discuss what happens in the wood preparation process.

How is wood prepared for use in a workplace?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 87
P.B pg. 88

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Describing the preparation of wood for use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- describe the methods of wood seasoning.
- compare natural and artificial wood seasoning methods.
- appreciate the importance of proper wood seasoning.

The learner is guided to:
- listen to a resource person explain methods of wood seasoning.
- discuss the methods of wood seasoning.
- compare and contrast natural and artificial seasoning methods.

What methods are used in wood seasoning?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 89
P.B pg. 90

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Relating types of wood to their uses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify items made from different types of wood.
- match wood types to appropriate uses.
- appreciate the versatility of wood as a material.

The learner is guided to:
- visit a workplace in the locality where wood is used to make items.
- identify items made from different types of wood.
- ask the workers about the items made from different types of wood.

How are different types of wood used in various workplaces?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 91
P.B pg. 92

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Valuing the importance of wood in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify various uses of wood in daily life.
- explain the importance of wood in different sectors.
- appreciate the role of wood in human development.

The learner is guided to:
- take a walk around the school to identify items made from wood.
- discuss the importance of the wooden items in day-to-day life.
- develop a chart to match different types of wood to their uses.

Why is wood an important material in day-to-day life?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplaces, wood samples
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 93
P.B pg. 94

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Hazardous Materials - Identifying waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of waste materials.
- identify types of waste materials in the environment.
- appreciate the importance of waste awareness.

The learner is guided to:
- use available resources to search for the meaning of the term 'waste material'.
- share findings with classmates.
- take a walk within the school compound and collect some waste materials.

What types of waste materials are found in our environment?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 95
P.B pg. 96

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Hazardous Materials - Describing ways of handling waste materials safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of handling waste materials.
- identify safe practices for handling waste materials.
- appreciate the importance of safe waste handling.

The learner is guided to:
- brainstorm on the meaning of the expression 'handling waste materials'.
- take a walk around the school compound to learn about how waste materials are handled.
- observe the way waste materials are handled.
- engage workers on how waste materials are handled safely.

How can waste materials be handled safely in the environment?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 97
P.B pg. 98

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Hazardous Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify methods of disposing waste materials.
- explain the suitability of different disposal methods for various waste types.
- appreciate the importance of proper waste disposal.

The learner is guided to:
- engage a resource person on methods of disposing waste materials.
- discuss the steps to follow when disposing waste materials using different methods.
- observe the resource person demonstrating how to dispose of waste materials using different methods.

What methods are appropriate for disposing different types of waste materials?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 99
P.B pg. 100

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Hazardous Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- demonstrate proper waste sorting techniques.
- categorize waste materials for appropriate disposal.
- appreciate the importance of waste segregation.

The learner is guided to:
- practice sorting waste materials into different categories (hazardous, recyclable, compostable, burnable, electronic).
- discuss the importance of proper waste segregation.
- create waste sorting bins for different categories.

How should waste materials be sorted for proper disposal?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 102
P.B pg. 104

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Hazardous Materials - Appreciating the need for proper handling of waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the importance of proper waste handling.
- identify the consequences of improper waste management.
- value environmental stewardship.

The learner is guided to:
- brainstorm on the need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment.
- discuss the environmental and health impacts of improper waste disposal.
- develop a program to promote the practice of proper handling of waste materials.

Why is proper handling of waste materials important?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, waste materials, charts
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 108
P.B pg. 109

Written questions, oral questions, observation, portfolio

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Identifying holding tools used in a workplace

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of holding tools.
- identify different types of holding tools used in a workplace.
- appreciate the importance of holding tools in a workplace.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the term 'holding tool'.
- take a gallery walk in a room with tools on display.
- handle tools with care and wear appropriate safety gear.
- pick one tool at a time and observe its features.

What types of holding tools are used in a workplace?

Pliers, clamps, vices, tongs, clips, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 113

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Identifying holding tools used in a workplace
Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for a given task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- name different types of holding tools.
- describe the features of various holding tools.
- value the role of holding tools in a workplace.

The learner is guided to:
- pick one tool at a time and name it.
- discuss the features of each tool.
- name other holding tools used in workplaces.
- summarize points on types of holding tools used in a workplace.

What types of holding tools are used in a workplace?

Pliers, clamps, vices, tongs, clips, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 114
P.B pg. 116

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for a given task
Holding Tools - Using holding tools to perform a given task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the criteria for selecting appropriate holding tools.
- select the most suitable holding tool for a given task.
- value the importance of using the right tool for a job.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss observations and responses given by the workers.
- use visual aids to discuss other types of holding tools suitable for different tasks.
- summarize points on selecting holding tools suitable for different tasks in a workplace.

What factors determine the selection of holding tools for specific tasks?

Pliers, clamps, vices, tongs, clips, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 117
P.B pg. 124

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Using holding tools to perform a given task
Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- safely use various holding tools to perform tasks.
- troubleshoot common problems when using holding tools.
- value the importance of safety when using tools.

The learner is guided to:
- continue practicing how to use different holding tools to perform given tasks.
- discuss common problems encountered when using holding tools and how to solve them.
- summarize points on how to use holding tools to perform a task.

How are holding tools used to perform tasks safely and effectively?

Pliers, clamps, vices, tongs, clips, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 125
P.B pg. 127

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Appreciating the importance of holding tools
Driving Tools - Identifying driving tools used in a workplace

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the importance of holding tools in a workplace.
- identify various applications of holding tools.
- value the role of holding tools in improving work efficiency.

The learner is guided to:
- study the diagram showing the importance of holding tools.
- discuss the role of holding tools as shown in the diagram.
- discuss other roles of holding tools in a workplace.

Why are holding tools important in a workplace?

Pliers, clamps, vices, tongs, clips, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 129
Hammers, screwdrivers, spanners, punches, mallets, photographs, digital devices
P.B pg. 133

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Driving Tools - Identifying driving tools used in a workplace
Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for a given task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- name different types of driving tools.
- describe the features of various driving tools.
- value the role of driving tools in a workplace.

The learner is guided to:
- continue observing and naming different driving tools.
- discuss the features of various driving tools.
- name any other driving tools used in the workplace that may not be on display.
- summarize points on driving tools used in the workplace.

What types of driving tools are used in a workplace?

Hammers, screwdrivers, spanners, punches, mallets, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 134
P.B pg. 136

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for a given task
Driving Tools - Using driving tools to perform a given task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the criteria for selecting appropriate driving tools.
- select the most suitable driving tool for a given task.
- value the importance of using the right tool for a job.

The learner is guided to:
- continue discussing the selection of driving tools for different tasks.
- analyze different tasks and determine the most appropriate driving tool for each.
- summarize points on selecting driving tools for given tasks in a workplace.

What factors determine the selection of driving tools for specific tasks?

Hammers, screwdrivers, spanners, punches, mallets, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 141
P.B pg. 142

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Driving Tools - Using driving tools to perform a given task
Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- safely use various driving tools to perform tasks.
- troubleshoot common problems when using driving tools.
- value the importance of safety when using tools.

The learner is guided to:
- continue practicing how to use different driving tools to perform given tasks.
- discuss common problems encountered when using driving tools and how to solve them.
- summarize points on how to use driving tools to perform a task.

How are driving tools used to perform tasks safely and effectively?

Hammers, screwdrivers, spanners, punches, mallets, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 146
P.B pg. 148

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION
ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Driving Tools - Valuing the need for driving tools
Financial Services - Identifying financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the importance of driving tools in a workplace.
- identify various applications of driving tools.
- value the role of driving tools in improving work efficiency.

The learner is guided to:
- study the diagram showing the importance of driving tools.
- discuss the role of driving tools as shown in the diagram.
- discuss other roles of driving tools in a workplace.

Why are driving tools important in a workplace?

Hammers, screwdrivers, spanners, punches, mallets, photographs, digital devices
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 150
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
P.B pg. 160

Oral tests, observation, checklist, written test, rubrics, practical work

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Identifying financial institutions in Kenya
Financial Services - Classifying financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- list various financial institutions in Kenya.
- explain the services offered by different financial institutions.
- value the importance of financial institutions in economic development.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for more information on other financial institutions available in Kenya.
- share findings with the class.
- summarize points on the financial institutions available in Kenya.

What financial institutions are available in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 161
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
P.B pg. 162

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Classifying financial institutions in Kenya
Financial Services - Analyzing services offered by financial institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- distinguish between banking and non-banking financial institutions.
- categorize financial institutions according to their services.
- value the role of different types of financial institutions.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the information given by the resource person.
- use relevant textbooks and other reference materials to search for more information on the classification of financial institutions in Kenya.
- share findings with the class.
- summarize points on the classification of financial institutions in Kenya.

What are the different categories of financial institutions in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 164
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
P.B pg. 165

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Analyzing services offered by financial institutions
Financial Services - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- analyze different financial services offered by various institutions.
- compare services offered by different financial institutions.
- value the importance of comparing financial services before use.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for more information on other services offered by financial institutions.
- share findings with the class.
- summarize points on the services offered by financial institutions in Kenya.

How do services differ across various financial institutions?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 166
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, financial institution
P.B pg. 167

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development
Government and Business - Explaining reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- demonstrate use of financial services.
- explain how financial services support entrepreneurial development.
- appreciate the importance of financial literacy for entrepreneurs.

The learner is guided to:
- share experiences from visiting financial institutions or participating in role play.
- discuss how financial services can be utilized for entrepreneurial development.
- summarize points on the importance of financial services for entrepreneurial development.

What benefits do financial services offer to entrepreneurs?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, financial institution
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 168
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
P.B pg. 169

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Explaining reasons for government involvement in business
Government and Business - Describing ways of government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- analyze various reasons for government intervention in business.
- explain the benefits of government involvement in business.
- value the regulatory role of government in business.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for more information on other reasons for government involvement in business.
- share findings with the class.
- summarize points on the reasons for government involvement in business.

How does government involvement benefit businesses and consumers?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 171
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
P.B pg. 172

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Describing ways of government involvement in business
Government and Business - Exploring types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain various government interventions in business.
- analyze the impact of government policies on business operations.
- value the importance of government involvement in promoting fair business practices.

The learner is guided to:
- continue discussing ways of government involvement in business.
- analyze how different government interventions affect business operations.
- summarize points on ways of government involvement in business in Kenya.

How do government interventions affect business operations?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 173
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, businesses in locality
P.B pg. 174

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Exploring types of taxes in Kenya
Government and Business - Analyzing e-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify different types of taxes in Kenya.
- explain the purpose of various tax types.
- value the role of taxes in national development.

The learner is guided to:
- engage with workers on the types of taxes they pay.
- discuss the responses given by the workers.
- discuss other types of taxes in Kenya.
- summarize points on the types of taxes in Kenya.

How do different types of taxes serve various economic purposes?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, businesses in locality
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 176
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, e-government platforms
P.B pg. 177

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Analyzing e-Government services in business
Government and Business - Acknowledging the need to comply with government regulations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- analyze various e-government services for businesses.
- demonstrate use of e-government platforms.
- value the convenience of e-government services.

The learner is guided to:
- use a digital device to search for information on other e-government services in business.
- where possible, explore an e-government platform.
- summarize points on e-government services in business.

How have e-Government services improved business operations?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, e-government platforms
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 178
Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, business regulations
P.B pg. 179

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Explaining the importance of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of a business plan.
- identify the importance of a business plan.
- appreciate the role of planning in business success.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the term 'business plan'.
- engage a resource person on the importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship.
- discuss the responses given by the resource person.

Why is a business plan important to an entrepreneur?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 180
P.B pg. 181

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Describing the components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify the components of a business plan.
- explain the purpose of each component.
- appreciate the comprehensive nature of a business plan.

The learner is guided to:
- read the case study on Waridi's business plan.
- discuss the components of a business plan as highlighted in the case study.
- analyze how each component contributes to the overall effectiveness of the business plan.

What components make up a comprehensive business plan?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, sample business plans
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 182
P.B pg. 183

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of a business plan template.
- identify various sections of a business plan template.
- appreciate the value of using templates in business planning.

The learner is guided to:
- brainstorm on the meaning of a business plan template.
- use print or digital media to search for information on business plan templates.
- draw a business plan template in their notebooks.

How is a business plan template structured and filled?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, business plan templates
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 184

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Embracing the use of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain how a business plan guides entrepreneurial activities.
- demonstrate the use of a business plan in business decision-making.
- value the continuous use of business plans in business operations.

The learner is guided to:
- prepare a speech on the need for a business plan in entrepreneurship.
- read the speech during a school forum.
- make copies of a sample business plan template and assist entrepreneurs within their locality to fill in.

How can entrepreneurs effectively use business plans in their operations?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, business plan templates
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 185

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation