CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen

Q/A: Review reactions of Mg, Ca, with oxygen.
The corresponding word and then chemical equations are then written and their correctness verified by the teacher.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 38

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
Reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Teacher demonstration- Reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.
Supervised practice.

Some alkaline earth metals.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 41

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.

revision book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.
Uses of some alkaline earth metals and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
State uses of alkaline earth metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkaline earth metals.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Halogens. Physical properties of halogens.
Comparative physical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify halogens in the periodic table.
Give examples of halogens.
Identify physical states of halogens.

Teacher demonstration: - To examine electrical properties of iodine, solubility in water of chlorine.

Iodine crystals, electrical wire, a bulb.
text book

KLB BK II
P. 47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe laboratory preparation of chlorine gas.

To describe reaction of halogens with metals.

Teacher demonstration: - preparation of chlorine gas.
Reaction of chlorine and iron wool.
Reaction of bromine and iron wool.
Reaction of iodine and iron wool.
Observe the rate of these reactions; hence deduce order of their reactivity of halogens.

Chlorine, iron wool, bromine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 48-50

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.
Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.
Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

text book
Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Some uses of halogens and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Noble Gases. Comparative physical properties of noble gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe physical properties of noble gases.
To explain physical properties of noble gases.

Make A comparative analysis of tabulated physical properties of noble gases.

text book

  K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 52-53

CHEMICAL FAMILIES
STRUCTURE & BONDING

Uses of noble gases.
Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.
Ionic bond representation.
Grant ionic structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of noble gases.
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent ionic bonding.

Teacher elucidates uses of noble gases.
Drawing diagrams of ionic bonds.

text book
Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.
Giant sodium chloride model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 54
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Covalent bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical properties of ionic compounds.
Explain the differences in the physical properties of ionic compounds.

Analyse tabulated comparative physical properties of ionic compounds.

Teacher asks probing questions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 58-59

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Co-ordinate bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the co-ordinate bond
To represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

Exposition- teacher explains the nature of co-ordinate bond.
Students represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Molecular structure.
Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.
Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the molecular structure.
To give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure
To describe giant atomic structure in diamond.
To state uses of diamond.

Discussion ? To explain formation of the giant structure and give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure.
Diagrammatic representation of diamond.
Discuss uses of diamond.

text book
Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.
Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65
K.L.B. BOOK II P 69

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe mutual electronic forces between electrons and nuclei.
To describe metallic bond.
To compare physical properties of metals.
To state uses of some metals.

Discussion:
Detailed analysis of comparative physical properties of metals and their uses.



Probing questions & brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 70

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in the third period.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare other physical properties of elements across period 3.
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with water

Analyse comparative physical properties presented in form of a table.
Explain the trend in the physical properties given.

Q/A: Review reaction of sodium, Mg, chlorine, with water.
Infer that sodium is most reactive metal; non-metals do not react with water.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 77
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 80-81

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Oxides of period 3 elements.
Chlorides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify bonds across elements in period 3.
To explain chemical behavior of their oxide.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 84

SALTS

Types of salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a salt.
Describe various types of salts and give several examples in each case.

Descriptive approach. Teacher exposes new concepts.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 91

SALTS

Solubility of salts in water.
Solubility of bases in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various salts in cold water/warm water.
To test solubility of various bases in water.
To carry out litmus test on the resulting solutions.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5 cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Analyse the results.
Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Carry out litmus tests.
Discuss the results.

Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.




Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 92-93
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 94-95

SALTS

Methods of preparing various salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.

Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.

CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp96

SALTS

Direct synthesis of a salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe direct synthesis of a salt.
To write balanced equations for the reactions.

Group experiments- preparation of iron (II) sulphide by direct synthesis.
Give other examples of salts prepared by direct synthesis.
Students write down corresponding balanced equations.

Iron,
Sulphur

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 104

SALTS

Ionic equations.
Effects of heat on carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.
Various carbonates.

K.L.B. BOOK II

SALTS

Effects of heat on nitrates.
Effects of heat on sulphates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on nitrates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal nitrates.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various metal nitrates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Common metal nitrates.
Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 110-111

SALTS
SALTS
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.
Uses of salts.
Electrical conductivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.
To give examples of hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.

To state uses of salts

Prepare a sample of various salts.
Expose them to the atmosphere overnight.
Students classify the salts as hygroscopic, deliquescent and / or efflorescent.

Teacher elucidates uses of salts.

Various solids, bulb, battery, & wires.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Molten electrolytes.
Electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for electrical conductivities molten electrolytes.

Group experiments- to identify electrolytes in molten form.
Explain the difference in molten electrolytes.

Molten candle wax
Sugar
Sulphur
Lead oxide.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 120-121

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Aqueous electrolytes. Electrodes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an electrolyte
To test for electrical conductivities of electrodes.

To investigate chemical effect of an electric current.
Classify the solutions as electrolyte or non -electrolytes.
Discuss the electrical properties of the solutions.

Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch bulb.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.122-123

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Reaction on electrodes.
Binary electrolyte.
Application of electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe half- equation reactions at the cathode and anode
To define a binary electrolyte.
To state the products of a binary electrolyte.

To demonstrate ?Electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide
Observe colour changes
Explanation of half-equations and reactions at the electrodes.
Completing a table of electrolysis of binary electrolytes.

Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.126-127
K.L.B. BOOK II P.127

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Electroplating.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe electroplating process.

Experiment- Left overnight.
Electroplating an iron nail with silver nitrate/ copper sulphate.
Brief discussion.

Silver nitrate
Iron nail
Complete circuit battery.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 129-30