Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Identifying metals
Metals and Alloys - Classification of materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify metals and non-metals in the environment
- Classify materials as metallic or non-metallic
- Appreciate the variety of materials in the environment

- Observe pictures of items made from different materials
- Identify and classify materials as metallic or non-metallic
- Walk around the school to identify metallic and non-metallic items

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 15)
- Samples of metallic and non-metallic items
- Digital resources
- Pictures
- Samples of different materials
- Worksheets

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties (state)
Metals and Alloys - Malleability

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the state of different metals at room temperature
- Classify metals according to their state
- Show interest in investigating properties of metals

- Observe samples of common metals
- Record observations about the state of different metals
- Classify metals based on their state at room temperature

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 16)
- Samples of different metals
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 17)
- Hammer or mallet
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Practical work - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Ductility
Metals and Alloys - Electrical conductivity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the ductility of different metals
- Explain the property of ductility in metals
- Value safety when investigating metal properties

- Carry out an investigation on ductility of different metals
- Record observations when metals are stretched
- Compare the ductility of different metals

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 17)
- Metal wires
- Pliers
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 18)
- Simple circuit components
- Metal samples
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Thermal conductivity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the thermal conductivity of different metals
- Explain why metals conduct heat
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Set up experiments to test thermal conductivity
- Record observations on how different metals conduct heat
- Compare the thermal conductivity of different metals

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 19)
- Metal samples
- Heat source
- Candle wax or cooking fat

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Causes of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Effects of rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate causes of rusting in iron
- Explain conditions necessary for rusting to occur
- Appreciate the importance of understanding rusting

- Set up experiments to investigate rusting
- Record observations on rusting under different conditions
- Discuss factors that cause rusting

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 20)
- Iron nails
- Test tubes
- Water and oil
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 21)
- Pictures of rusted items
- Actual rusted items

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Control of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Investigating rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of preventing rusting
- Explain how different methods prevent rusting
- Appreciate the importance of preventing rusting

- Search for information on ways of preventing rusting
- Discuss different methods of preventing rusting
- Share findings on rust prevention

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 22)
- Digital resources
- Items with rust prevention
- Pictures
- Camera (if available)
- Observation sheets
- Rusted items

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of various metals in everyday life
- Match metals to their appropriate uses
- Appreciate the importance of metals in daily life

- Search for information on uses of metals
- Discuss uses of different metals in daily life
- Match metals to their uses

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 23)
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing uses of metals
- Charts

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Identifying alloys
Metals and Alloys - Alloys in locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify items made from alloys in the locality
- Explain why certain items are made from alloys
- Show interest in exploring uses of alloys

- Observe pictures of items made from alloys
- Discuss why certain items are made from alloys
- Identify items made from alloys in the school

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 24)
- Samples of items made from alloys
- Digital resources
- Pictures
- Items made from alloys
- Camera (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Project work

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys
Metals and Alloys - Uses of alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the composition of common alloys
- Identify metals used to make different alloys
- Show interest in understanding alloy composition

- Observe pictures of different alloys
- Search for information on composition of common alloys
- Present findings on alloy composition

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 25)
- Digital resources
- Pictures of different alloys
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 26)
- Pictures showing uses of alloys

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Observing alloy uses
Metals and Alloys - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe uses of alloys in the locality
- Explain advantages of using alloys for specific purposes
- Show interest in applications of alloys

- Walk around the school or locality to observe uses of alloys
- Record observations on uses of alloys
- Discuss findings with classmates

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 27)
- Observation sheets
- Items made from alloys
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 32)
- Assessment items
- Samples of metals and alloys

- Observation - Field activity - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Physical properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect water samples from different sources
- Compare water from different sources
- Appreciate the variety of water sources in the locality

- Tour the locality to observe water sources
- Collect water samples from different sources
- Compare water samples in terms of appearance, odor, taste and boiling point

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 33)
- Water samples from different sources
- Containers for samples
- Charts

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Water sources
Water hardness - Colour and odour

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different sources of water in the locality
- Compare characteristics of water from different sources
- Show interest in water sources in the environment

- Discuss different sources of water in the locality
- Compare characteristics of water from different sources
- Record findings in a table

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 33)
- Water samples
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Clear containers
- White paper

- Observation - Oral discussions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Investigating color and odor
Water hardness - Boiling point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the color and odor of different water samples
- Record observations on water characteristics
- Appreciate the importance of clean water

- Carry out experiments to test color and odor of water samples
- Record observations in a table
- Draw conclusions about water quality based on observations

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Water samples
- Clear containers
- White paper
- Worksheets
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 35)
- Thermometer
- Heat source
- Beaker
- Water

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Hard and soft water
Water hardness - Differences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between hard and soft water
- Explain the difference in lathering ability
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Compare lathering of soap in different water samples
- Distinguish between hard and soft water based on lathering
- Discuss differences between hard and soft water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 36)
- Soap
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 37)
- Charts

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Advantages of soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify advantages of soft water
- Debate on uses of soft water
- Appreciate the value of soft water in certain applications

- Debate on advantages of soft water
- Discuss benefits of using soft water for cleaning
- Research advantages of soft water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 38)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Debate materials

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Hard water advantages
Water hardness - Methods of softening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify advantages of hard water
- Discuss health benefits of minerals in hard water
- Appreciate the value of hard water in certain applications

- Discuss benefits of minerals in hard water
- Research advantages of hard water
- Debate on usefulness of hard water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 39)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Research materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 40)
- Water samples

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Boiling method
Water hardness - Chemical method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water by boiling
- Explain how boiling removes hardness
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Carry out experiment to soften hard water by boiling
- Test lathering ability of water before and after boiling
- Explain observations from the experiment

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 41)
- Hard water samples
- Heat source
- Beakers
- Soap
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 42)
- Washing soda

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Distillation method
Water hardness - Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water by distillation
- Explain how distillation removes hardness
- Observe safety measures during distillation

- Set up distillation apparatus
- Distill hard water and test the distillate
- Compare properties of hard water and distilled water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 44)
- Distillation apparatus
- Hard water samples
- Heat source
- Soap
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 45)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Pictures of water applications

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - External structure of the leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the external parts of a leaf
- Draw and label external parts of a leaf
- Show interest in exploring plant structures

- Observe pictures showing external structure of a leaf
- Identify external parts of the leaf from the pictures
- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 49)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts
Nutrition in plants - Observing leaf structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of external leaf parts
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Appreciate the diversity of leaf structures

- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Share findings with classmates

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 50)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves
- Hand lens
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Leaf adaptations for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of the leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Relate leaf adaptations to their functions
- Show interest in understanding plant adaptations

- Discuss how external leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Search for information about leaf adaptations from digital devices or print resources
- Make summary notes on leaf adaptations

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 51)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing leaf adaptations
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 52)
- Charts showing internal structure of leaf
- Models

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Leaf tissues for photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of internal leaf tissues
- Relate internal leaf structures to photosynthesis
- Appreciate the complexity of leaf tissues

- Discuss the functions of different internal leaf tissues
- Relate the structure of internal leaf tissues to photosynthesis
- Share findings with classmates

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 53)
- Charts showing internal leaf tissues
- Digital resources
- Models

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Internal adaptations for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Structure of chloroplast

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how internal leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Relate specific adaptations to photosynthetic functions
- Show interest in plant adaptations

- Discuss how internal leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Search for information about internal leaf adaptations
- Make summary notes on internal leaf adaptations

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 54)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing internal leaf adaptations
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 55)
- Charts showing structure of chloroplast
- Models

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Chloroplast adaptations
Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how chloroplasts are adapted for photosynthesis
- Identify chloroplast structures from photomicrographs
- Show interest in microscopic structures

- Study a photomicrograph of a chloroplast
- Identify parts of the chloroplast from the photomicrograph
- Discuss how chloroplasts are adapted for photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 56)
- Photomicrographs of chloroplasts
- Charts showing chloroplast structure
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 57)
- Charts showing photosynthesis process
- Reference materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Conditions for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Stages of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Explain the role of each condition in photosynthesis
- Appreciate the complexity of photosynthesis

- Search for information on conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Discuss the role of each condition in photosynthesis
- Make summary notes on conditions for photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 58)
- Charts showing conditions for photosynthesis
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 59)
- Charts showing stages of photosynthesis

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the procedure for testing for starch in a leaf
- Explain why each step in the procedure is important
- Observe safety measures when carrying out experiments

- Set up an experiment to test for the presence of starch in a leaf
- Follow the correct procedure step by step
- Observe and record the results
- Explain why certain steps are necessary

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 60)
- Apparatus for testing starch in leaves
- Chemicals (iodine solution)
- Fresh leaves
- Heat source

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Light and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Carbon (IV) oxide and photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate whether light is necessary for photosynthesis
- Control variables in an experiment
- Practice safety measures when conducting experiments

- Design an experiment to investigate the effect of light on photosynthesis
- Set up the experiment with appropriate controls
- Record and analyze results
- Draw conclusions from the experiment

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 61)
- Potted plants
- Aluminum foil/carbon paper
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 62)
- Conical flasks with corks
- Potassium hydroxide solution

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Chlorophyll and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate whether chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
- Design a fair test using variegated leaves
- Draw conclusions based on evidence

- Design an experiment using variegated leaves to investigate the role of chlorophyll
- Test for starch in variegated leaves
- Record and analyze results
- Draw conclusions from the experiment

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 63)
- Variegated leaves
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals
- Heat source
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 64)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing importance of photosynthesis
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Environmental impact of photosynthesis
Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition in animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how photosynthesis affects carbon (IV) oxide levels
- Explain the role of photosynthesis in reducing global warming
- Value plants as contributors to environmental balance

- Discuss how photosynthesis affects the carbon cycle
- Explain how plants help reduce carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere
- Relate photosynthesis to environmental conservation

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 65)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing carbon cycle
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 73)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animals with different feeding habits

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Parasitic mode of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain parasitic mode of nutrition
- Identify animals that exhibit parasitic mode of nutrition
- Appreciate the role of parasites in the ecosystem

- Observe pictures of parasitic animals
- Discuss the characteristics of parasitic animals
- Research on examples of parasitic animals
- Create presentations on parasitic animals

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 74)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of parasitic animals

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Saprophytic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Symbiotic mode of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain saprophytic mode of nutrition
- Identify organisms that exhibit saprophytic mode of nutrition
- Value the role of saprophytes in nutrient cycling

- Observe pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Discuss the characteristics of saprophytic organisms
- Research on examples of saprophytic organisms
- Discuss the importance of saprophytes in the ecosystem

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 74)
- Digital devices
- Pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 75)
- Pictures of symbiotic relationships

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Holozoic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (structure)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain holozoic mode of nutrition
- Identify animals that exhibit holozoic mode of nutrition
- Show interest in exploring holozoic nutrition

- Observe pictures of animals with holozoic feeding
- Discuss the steps involved in holozoic nutrition
- Research on examples of animals with holozoic nutrition
- Create presentations on holozoic feeding

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 75)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animals with holozoic feeding
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 76)
- Dental models or charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (functions)
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in animals (homodont and heterodont)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of different types of teeth
- Relate the structure of teeth to their functions
- Show interest in understanding tooth function

- Discuss the functions of different types of teeth
- Using models, demonstrate how different teeth perform their functions
- Make presentations on the relationship between structure and function of teeth

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 77)
- Dental models or charts
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 78)
- Pictures of animal teeth

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in carnivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dentition of carnivores
- Identify adaptations of carnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding carnivore dentition

- Observe pictures/models of carnivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of carnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of carnivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on carnivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 79)
- Pictures/models of carnivore teeth
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in herbivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dentition of herbivores
- Identify adaptations of herbivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding herbivore dentition

- Observe pictures/models of herbivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of herbivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of herbivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on herbivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 80)
- Pictures/models of herbivore teeth
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in omnivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dentition of omnivores
- Identify adaptations of omnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding omnivore dentition

- Observe pictures/models of omnivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of omnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of omnivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on omnivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 81)
- Pictures/models of omnivore teeth
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (ingestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of ingestion in human beings
- Describe the role of teeth and salivary glands in ingestion
- Appreciate the complexity of the digestive process

- Discuss the process of ingestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in ingestion
- Demonstrate the role of teeth and saliva in ingestion
- Research on the process of ingestion

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 82)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Demonstrations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (ingestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of ingestion in human beings
- Describe the role of teeth and salivary glands in ingestion
- Appreciate the complexity of the digestive process

- Discuss the process of ingestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in ingestion
- Demonstrate the role of teeth and saliva in ingestion
- Research on the process of ingestion

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 82)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Demonstrations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (digestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of digestion in human beings
- Identify organs involved in digestion and their functions
- Appreciate the importance of proper digestion

- Discuss the process of digestion in different parts of the digestive system
- Using charts/models, identify organs involved in digestion
- Research on mechanical and chemical digestion
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 83)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (absorption)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of absorption in human beings
- Identify structures involved in absorption and their adaptations
- Appreciate the efficiency of the absorption process

- Discuss the process of absorption in the small intestine
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in absorption
- Research on the adaptations of the small intestine for absorption
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 83)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (assimilation)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of assimilation in human beings
- Describe how absorbed nutrients are utilized in the body
- Value the importance of proper nutrition for body functions

- Discuss the process of assimilation
- Research on how different nutrients are used in the body
- Create presentations on the process of assimilation
- Discuss the importance of proper nutrition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts of the circulatory system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (egestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of egestion in human beings
- Identify structures involved in egestion and their functions
- Appreciate the importance of proper waste elimination

- Discuss the process of egestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in egestion
- Research on the importance of fiber in egestion
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts/models of the large intestine
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Parts of a flower
Reproduction in plants - Functions of parts of a flower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify external parts of a flower
- Draw and label parts of a flower
- Appreciate the complexity of flower structure

- Collect and observe flowers from the school compound
- Identify and name the parts of the flowers
- Draw and label the parts of a flower
- Discuss the functions of the parts of a flower

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 86)
- Fresh flowers
- Hand lens
- Drawing materials
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 87)
- Flower models or charts
- Digital devices

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Meaning of pollination
Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (self-pollination)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of pollination
- Describe the importance of pollination in plant reproduction
- Appreciate the role of pollination in plant reproduction

- Discuss the meaning of pollination
- Watch videos on pollination process
- Research on the importance of pollination in plant reproduction
- Present findings to the class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 88)
- Digital devices
- Videos on pollination
- Charts showing pollination
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 89)
- Charts showing self-pollination

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (cross-pollination)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain cross-pollination
- Identify plants that undergo cross-pollination
- Appreciate the advantages of cross-pollination

- Discuss cross-pollination
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate cross-pollination
- Research on examples of plants that undergo cross-pollination
- Compare self-pollination and cross-pollination

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 89)
- Charts showing cross-pollination
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (insects)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (birds, other animals)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify insects as agents of pollination
- Explain how insects aid in pollination
- Appreciate the role of insects in plant reproduction

- Observe pictures/videos of insects as pollinators
- Discuss how insects aid in pollination
- Take a field excursion to observe insects pollinating flowers
- Record observations and present to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 90)
- Pictures/videos of insect pollinators
- Digital devices
- Pictures/videos of bird and animal pollinators

- Observation - Field notes assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (wind, water)
Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to insect pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify wind and water as agents of pollination
- Explain how wind and water aid in pollination
- Show interest in various pollination mechanisms

- Observe pictures/videos of wind and water pollination
- Discuss how wind and water aid in pollination
- Research on examples of flowers pollinated by wind and water
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 91)
- Pictures/videos of wind and water pollination
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 92)
- Fresh insect-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of insect-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to wind pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
- Explain how these adaptations facilitate wind pollination
- Value the diversity in plant adaptations

- Observe wind-pollinated flowers
- Identify and discuss adaptations to wind pollination
- Compare insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers
- Create presentations on adaptations to wind pollination

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 93)
- Fresh wind-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of wind-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Describe how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Show concern for the impact of human activities on pollinators

- Research on the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Discuss how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Debate on the use of agrochemicals and their effects on pollination
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 94)
- Digital devices
- Articles on effects of agrochemicals on pollinators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Describe how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Show concern for the impact of human activities on pollinators

- Research on the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Discuss how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Debate on the use of agrochemicals and their effects on pollination
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 94)
- Digital devices
- Articles on effects of agrochemicals on pollinators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of fertilization in flowering plants
- Describe the journey of pollen tube to the ovule
- Appreciate the complexity of plant reproduction

- Watch videos on fertilization in flowering plants
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate the fertilization process
- Discuss the journey of the pollen tube to the ovule
- Create presentations on fertilization in flowering plants

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 95)
- Videos on fertilization in plants
- Charts showing fertilization process
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Seed formation in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of seed formation in flowering plants
- Identify the changes that occur during seed formation
- Value the importance of seeds in plant reproduction

- Watch videos on seed formation
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate seed formation
- Observe different stages of seed development if available
- Discuss the changes that occur during seed formation

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 96)
- Videos on seed formation
- Charts showing seed formation
- Samples of seeds at different developmental stages

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Drawing assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit formation in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of fruit formation in flowering plants
- Identify the changes that occur during fruit formation
- Appreciate the role of fruits in plant reproduction

- Watch videos on fruit formation
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate fruit formation
- Observe different stages of fruit development if available
- Discuss the changes that occur during fruit formation

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 97)
- Videos on fruit formation
- Charts showing fruit formation
- Samples of fruits at different developmental stages

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Drawing assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal (meaning and importance)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Value the role of dispersal in plant reproduction

- Discuss the meaning of fruit and seed dispersal
- Research on the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Debate on what would happen if seeds were not dispersed
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 98)
- Digital devices
- Charts showing seed dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (animals)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain animal dispersal of fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Appreciate the role of animals in plant reproduction

- Collect and observe fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for animal dispersal
- Research on examples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on animal dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 99)
- Samples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animal dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Collection assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (wind, water)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain wind and water dispersal of fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds dispersed by wind and water
- Show interest in different dispersal mechanisms

- Collect and observe fruits and seeds dispersed by wind and water
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for wind and water dispersal
- Research on examples of wind and water dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on wind and water dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 100)
- Samples of wind and water-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of wind and water dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Collection assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (wind, water)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain wind and water dispersal of fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds dispersed by wind and water
- Show interest in different dispersal mechanisms

- Collect and observe fruits and seeds dispersed by wind and water
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for wind and water dispersal
- Research on examples of wind and water dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on wind and water dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 100)
- Samples of wind and water-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of wind and water dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Collection assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (self-dispersal mechanisms)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain self-dispersal mechanisms in fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds that use self-dispersal mechanisms
- Appreciate the diversity in dispersal mechanisms

- Observe fruits that use self-dispersal mechanisms
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for self-dispersal
- Research on examples of self-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on self-dispersal mechanisms

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 101)
- Samples of self-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of self-dispersal mechanisms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of fruits and seeds for dispersal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of fruits and seeds for different dispersal methods
- Categorize fruits and seeds based on their dispersal methods
- Value the relationship between structure and function

- Collect and observe different fruits and seeds
- Identify adaptations for different dispersal methods
- Categorize the fruits and seeds based on their dispersal methods
- Create presentations on adaptations for dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 102)
- Various fruit and seed samples
- Hand lens
- Sorting trays

- Observation - Oral questions - Classification activities - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of flowers in nature
- Describe the ecological importance of flowers
- Appreciate the value of flowers in the ecosystem

- Discuss the role of flowers in nature
- Research on the ecological importance of flowers
- Debate on the value of flowers in the ecosystem
- Create presentations on the role of flowers in nature

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 105)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of different flowers and their roles
- Charts on flower roles in ecosystems

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations