CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkali metals. Atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Identify alkali metals.
State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals.

Q/A to reviews elements of group I and their electronic configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Discussion & making deductions from the table.

The periodic

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 28-29

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Ionisation energy of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State changes in number of energy levels and ionisation energy of alkali metals.

Examine a table of elements, number of energy levels and their ionization energy.
Discuss the trend deduced from the table.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkali metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Li, Na, and K.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion on physical properties of alkali metals.

Chart ? comparative properties of Li, Na, K.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 30-31

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkali metals.
Reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkali metals with water.
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.

text book
Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 32
K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 33

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Compounds of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkali metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkali metals with anions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 33

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Uses of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of alkali metals.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkali metals.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkaline Earth metals Atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify alkaline earth metals.

State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

Q/A: Elements of group I and their electron configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Make deductions from the table.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkaline earth metals.
Electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkaline earth metals.
To describe electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Be, Mg, Ca.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion of physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Teacher demonstration: -
To show alkaline metals are good conductors of electric charge.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 35
K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 37

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen

Q/A: Review reactions of Mg, Ca, with oxygen.
The corresponding word and then chemical equations are then written and their correctness verified by the teacher.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 38

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.
Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

Teacher demonstration- Reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.
Supervised practice.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.

Sodium, chlorine.
revision book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 41
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Uses of some alkaline earth metals and their compounds.
Halogens. Physical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of alkaline earth metals.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkaline earth metals.

text book
Iodine crystals, electrical wire, a bulb.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Comparative physical properties of halogens.
Chemical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain the trends in physical properties of halogens.

Examine a comparative table of physical properties of halogens.
Discuss the deductions made from the table.

text book
Chlorine, iron wool, bromine.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.
Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.
Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

text book
Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Some uses of halogens and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

CHEMICAL FAMILIES
STRUCTURE & BONDING

Noble Gases. Comparative physical properties of noble gases.
Uses of noble gases.
Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe physical properties of noble gases.
To explain physical properties of noble gases.

Make A comparative analysis of tabulated physical properties of noble gases.

text book

  K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 52-53

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Ionic bond representation.
Grant ionic structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent ionic bonding.

Drawing diagrams of ionic bonds.

Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.
Giant sodium chloride model.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Covalent bond.
Co-ordinate bond.
Molecular structure.
Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical properties of ionic compounds.
Explain the differences in the physical properties of ionic compounds.
To describe the co-ordinate bond
To represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

Analyse tabulated comparative physical properties of ionic compounds.

Teacher asks probing questions.
Exposition- teacher explains the nature of co-ordinate bond.
Students represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

text book
text book
Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 58-59
K.L.B. BOOK II P 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe giant atomic structure in diamond.
To state uses of diamond.

Diagrammatic representation of diamond.
Discuss uses of diamond.

Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK II P 69

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe mutual electronic forces between electrons and nuclei.
To describe metallic bond.
To compare physical properties of metals.
To state uses of some metals.

Discussion:
Detailed analysis of comparative physical properties of metals and their uses.



Probing questions & brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 70

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.
Physical properties of elements in period 3.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Chemical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in the third period.
Oxides of period 3 elements.
Chlorides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with oxygen.
To identify bonds across elements in period 3.
To explain chemical behavior of their oxide.

Q/A: Products of reactions of Na, Mg, Al, P, & S with oxygen.
Discuss the trend in their reactivity; identify basic and acidic oxides.
Exercise ? balanced chemical equations for the above reactions.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 79-80
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 84

SALTS

Types of salts.
Solubility of salts in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a salt.
Describe various types of salts and give several examples in each case.

Descriptive approach. Teacher exposes new concepts.

text book
Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 91

SALTS

Solubility of bases in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various bases in water.
To carry out litmus test on the resulting solutions.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Carry out litmus tests.
Discuss the results.

Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 94-95

SALTS

Methods of preparing various salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.

Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.

CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp96

SALTS

Direct synthesis of a salts.
Ionic equations.
Effects of heat on carbonates.
Effects of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe direct synthesis of a salt.
To write balanced equations for the reactions.
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

Group experiments- preparation of iron (II) sulphide by direct synthesis.
Give other examples of salts prepared by direct synthesis.
Students write down corresponding balanced equations.


Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

Iron,
Sulphur
PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.
Various carbonates.
Common metal nitrates.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 104

SALTS

Effects of heat on sulphates.
Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on sulphates.
To predict products results from heating metal sulphates.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various sulphates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 113

SALTS
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Uses of salts.
Electrical conductivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of salts

Teacher elucidates uses of salts.

Various solids, bulb, battery, & wires.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Molten electrolytes.
Electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for electrical conductivities molten electrolytes.

Group experiments- to identify electrolytes in molten form.
Explain the difference in molten electrolytes.

Molten candle wax
Sugar
Sulphur
Lead oxide.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 120-121

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Aqueous electrolytes. Electrodes.
Reaction on electrodes.
Binary electrolyte.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an electrolyte
To test for electrical conductivities of electrodes.
To describe half- equation reactions at the cathode and anode

To investigate chemical effect of an electric current.
Classify the solutions as electrolyte or non -electrolytes.
Discuss the electrical properties of the solutions.
To demonstrate ?Electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide
Observe colour changes
Explanation of half-equations and reactions at the electrodes.

Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch bulb.
Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.122-123
K.L.B. BOOK II PP.126-127

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Application of electrolysis.
Electroplating.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state application of electrolysis.

Discussion and explanations.

text book
Silver nitrate
Iron nail
Complete circuit battery.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 128