FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Sources of power in the farm.
The tractor: Petrol & diesel engines.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe various sources of power in the farm.
State merits & demerits of each source of power.

Q/A & discussion: animal power, wind power, waterpower, biogas, solar radiation, and fossil fuel.

solar,biogas,
Chart- petrol engine & diesel engine.

KLB BK IV
Pg 50-56

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 42-53

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

The four-stroke cycle engine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the four strokes in an engine
State merits & demerits of the four-stroke cycle engine.

Exposition of new concepts, drawing illustrative diagrams.

Diagrams - The four-stroke cycle.

KLB BK IV
Pg 58-61

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 54-55

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

The two- stroke cycle engine. Structural and functional differences between petrol and diesel engines.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the two strokes in a cycle.
State merits & demerits of two-stroke cycle engine.

State structural and functional differences between petrol and diesel engines.

Exposition of new concepts,
drawing; illustrative diagrams;

Discussion.

two stroke engine diagram

KLB BK IV
Pg 61-63


Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 56-57

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Petrol fuel system of a tractor.
Diesel fuel system of a tractor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the petrol fuel system of a tractor.
State maintenance practices of a petrol fuel system of a tractor.

Block diagram: petrol engine fuel system.
Discussion.

diagram of a petrol fuel system
diagram of a diesel fuel system

KLB BK IV
Pg 63-64
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 60-61

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Electrical system of a tractor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name the components in the electrical system of a tractor.
Highlight methods of maintaining a tractor battery.

Refer to diagram for electrical system of a tractor;
Brief discussion.

Chart-  electrical system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 65-67

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 61

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor ignition system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name the components of tractor ignition system.
Correct some common faults of ignition system.
Discuss maintenance practices of the ignition system.

Refer to a diagram for ignition system of a tractor;
Brief discussion.

Chart - ignition system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 67-69

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 62-63

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor cooling system.
Lubrication system of an engine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Briefly describe air-cooled and water-cooled systems.
Discuss proper maintenance of cooling system.

Brief discussion.

Chart- water cooling system.
diagram of a lubrication system

KLB BK IV
Pg 69-71

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 63-64

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Power transmission system of an engine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the function of power transmission system.
State the function of the clutch, gearbox and the differential.

Teacher exposes the parts of power transmission system.
Refer to diagrams to identify parts of a power transmission system;
Brief discussion.

Chart- power transmission
system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 72-76

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 64-65

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor servicing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe tractor servicing and maintenance practices.

Brief discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 776-77
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 65-6

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor drawn implements.
Disc plough.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify tractor drawn implements on basis of attachment to the tractor.
List down maintenance practices for a trailer.

Teacher?s explanations.


Q/A: maintenance practices.

Charts-
Tractor drawn implements.
Chart- Disc plough

KLB BK IV
Pg 77-80

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 66-7

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Mould board plough.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State operational differences between the disc plough and mould board plough.

Chart- Mould board plough

KLB BK IV
Pg 80-82
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 70-1

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Harrows.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of harrows and their uses.
List down maintenance practices for harrows.

Drawing diagrams, Q/A & discussion.

harrows 

KLB BK IV
Pg 82-84
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 72-77

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Other farm implements.
Animal drawn implements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the functional features of subsoilers, ridgers, rotary tillers & mowers.
List down maintenance practices for the
implements.

Exposition & brief discussion.
Excursion & exhibitions.

illustrative video
Chart:
An ox-plough.

KLB BK IV
Pg 85-91

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 78-82

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Household firm relationship.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a household and a firm as business terms.
Describe a household and a firm as producers and consumers and their role in a country's economic growth.

Q/A: review definition of economics, production economics.
Exposition & explanations.
Q/A & discussion.

resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 96-97

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 20-21

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Gross domestic product (GDP) and Gross National product (GNP). Per Capita Income.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms GDP & GNP.
Define the term gross national income (GNI).


Define the term per capita income.

Exposition & explanations.



Calculations.

calculator

KLB BK IV
Pg 97-98

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 87-88

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Contribution of Agriculture to national development.
Land as a factor of production.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain contribution of Agriculture to development.

Brain storming;
Discussion.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 98-9
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 90-91

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Labor as a factor of production.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term labor as used in production.
Explain ways of improving labor productivity.
Identify types of labor.

Oral questions & discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 100-2

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 93-4

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term capital.
Identify types of capital.
List sources of capital.

Oral questions, exposition & discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 102-3
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 94-95

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Management as a production factor.
Production function.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State functions of a manager in a farm.
Identify good qualities of a manager.

Q/A & discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 103-4

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Production function curves.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate and interpret input-output relationship graphically.

Worked examples: supervised practice.

Graph papers.

KLB BK IV
Pg 106-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 98

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Increasing returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate and interpret Increasing returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where increasing returns production functions are experienced.

Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of increasing returns production functions.

Graph papers.

KLB BK IV
Pg 107-8
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 99

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Constant returns production functions.
Decreasing returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Constant returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where Increasing returns production functions are experienced.

Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of constant returns production functions.

charts
graphs

KLB BK IV
Pg 108-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 99

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Law of diminishing returns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the law oh diminishing returns.

Refer to illustrative tables.
Plot graphs from the tables;
Discuss shape of the curve.

graphs

KLB BK IV
Pg 112

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 100-1

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Zones of a PF curve.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Divide a production function into three zones.
Identify rational zones of production.

Q/A: review AP, MP.
Guided discovery of the three zones.

Chart - Curve showing 3 zones of PF.

KLB BK IV
Pg 113-5
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 101-2

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

The principles of substitution. Input-input relationship.
Product-product relationship. Supplementary and complementary products.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the principles of substitution.
Give examples illustrating principles of substitution.
Identify ways of combining inputs.

Exposition.

Illustrative examples, brief discussion.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 115-6

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 102

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

The principle of equi-marginal returns. The concept of cost.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the principle of equi-marginal returns.

Determine the cost of production.
Identify the role of cost in production.
List types of costs.

Discussion.


Exposition;
Worked examples.

KLB BK IV
Pg 117-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 104-5,6

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Types of revenue.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute total revenue, net revenue and marginal revenue given the relevant information.

Worked examples;
Explanations.

KLB BK IV
Pg 119-120
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 107

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farm planning.
Making a farm plan.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors to consider when drawing a farm plan.

Exposition, Q/A & discussion.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 121-2
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 108

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farm budgeting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a farm budget.
Analyse importance of farm budgeting.

Exposition & discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 123
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 110

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Types of farm budgets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe types of farm budgets.
Give examples of contexts where certain types of budgets are used.
Draw a partial budget.
Draw a complete budget.

Exposition & discussion,
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercises.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 124-7

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 110-1

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farmer?s support services Extension, training & banking.
Credit. Sources of credit.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe extension, training & banking as support services to the farmers.

Exposition & explanations.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 127-8

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 112-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Artificial insemination & Agricultural research.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe A.I. services provided to farmers.
Identify objectives of Agricultural research.
Give examples of Agricultural research centers in Kenya.

Detailed discussion
& exposition of new concepts.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 130-2

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 115-6

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Marketing. Farm input suppliers Tractor hire service

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of organizations that help farmers in marketing their produce.
Cite organizations where farmers can obtain farm inputs.
State merits & demerits of tractor hire service.
Cite points of tractor hire service.

Writing initials in full e.g. KPCU.

Brief discussion

resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 132-4


Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 112-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Risks and uncertainties in farming.
Adjusting to uncertainties and risks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms risk and uncertainty.
List types of risk and uncertainties.

Brain storming;
Detailed discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 134-5

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 116-7

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial documents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Outline details contained in an invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.

Oral questions & brief discussion.

Invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.

KLB BK IV
Pg 139-145

Longhorn Bk 4
121

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Books of accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the ledger and the inventory.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.

KLB BK IV
Pg 146-150
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 124

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Cash book.
Journal & Subsidiary books of the Journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the cash book.
Balance cash book.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative examples.

Cash book.

KLB BK IV
Pg 150
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 125

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial statements. Balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of balance sheets.
Prepare a balance sheet.

Make entries in a balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.

Balance sheet.

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 129-130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial statements. Balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of balance sheets.
Prepare a balance sheet.

Make entries in a balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.

Balance sheet.

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 129-130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Solvency of a business.
Profit and loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine whether a business is solvent or insolvent.

chart 

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Cash analysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term cash analysis.
Draw a cash analysis.
Compute total receipt and total expenditure for a given accounting period.

Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 159-162

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 133-4