Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify waste materials in the environment
- Explain the sources of waste materials
- Show concern for waste management

- Discuss what waste materials are
- Walk around the school compound to identify waste materials
- Write a list of waste materials seen in the environment

What types of waste materials are found in our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 93
- School environment

- Observation - Field notes - Oral presentation

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Categorize different types of waste materials
- Find areas where specific waste materials are found
- Appreciate the need to understand waste materials

- Study pictures of waste materials in the environment
- Identify waste materials shown in each picture
- Mention areas where specific waste materials are likely to be found

How can we categorize waste materials found in our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of wastes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Categorize different types of waste materials
- Find areas where specific waste materials are found
- Appreciate the need to understand waste materials

- Study pictures of waste materials in the environment
- Identify waste materials shown in each picture
- Mention areas where specific waste materials are likely to be found

How can we categorize waste materials found in our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of wastes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain safe ways of handling waste materials
- Describe different approaches to waste management
- Value safe waste handling practices

- Use print reference materials or digital devices to search for information on safe ways of handling and disposing waste materials

What are the safe ways of handling different types of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 95

- Note-taking - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ways to safely handle waste materials
- Describe methods of waste handling shown in pictures
- Show responsibility towards safe waste handling

- Study pictures showing ways of handling waste materials
- Describe how different waste materials are handled in each pictures

How can different types of waste materials be safely handled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 96

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ways to safely handle waste materials
- Describe methods of waste handling shown in pictures
- Show responsibility towards safe waste handling

- Study pictures showing ways of handling waste materials
- Describe how different waste materials are handled in each pictures

How can different types of waste materials be safely handled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 96

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ways to safely handle waste materials
- Describe methods of waste handling shown in pictures
- Show responsibility towards safe waste handling

- Study pictures showing ways of handling waste materials
- Describe how different waste materials are handled in each pictures

How can different types of waste materials be safely handled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 96

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify appropriate waste disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste disposal techniques
- Show responsibility in waste disposal

- Collect waste materials around the school compound
- Sort waste materials by type
- Practice proper waste disposal as guided by the teacher

How should different types of waste be disposed of?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
- Personal protective equipment
- Containers
- Dustbins

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of proper waste handling
- Describe the impact of waste on the environment
- Value the importance of proper waste management

Take a walk in the locality to observe how businesses handle waste
- Find out from local people why proper waste handling is important 

Why is proper waste handling important for our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98

- Field notes - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of proper waste handling
- Describe the impact of waste on the environment
- Value the importance of proper waste management

Take a walk in the locality to observe how businesses handle waste
- Find out from local people why proper waste handling is important 

Why is proper waste handling important for our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98

- Field notes - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of proper waste handling
- Describe the impact of waste on the environment
- Value the importance of proper waste management

Take a walk in the locality to observe how businesses handle waste
- Find out from local people why proper waste handling is important 

Why is proper waste handling important for our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98

- Field notes - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of proper waste handling
- Describe the impact of waste on the environment
- Value the importance of proper waste management

Take a walk in the locality to observe how businesses handle waste
- Find out from local people why proper waste handling is important 

Why is proper waste handling important for our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98

- Field notes - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- List types of waste materials in the environment
- Suggest ways of handling different waste types
- Show responsibility towards waste management

- List types of waste materials found in the environment
- Suggest ways of safely handling each waste type

How does proper waste management benefit the community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 99

- Oral questions - Written assignments 

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- List types of waste materials in the environment
- Suggest ways of handling different waste types
- Show responsibility towards waste management

- List types of waste materials found in the environment
- Suggest ways of safely handling each waste type

How does proper waste management benefit the community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 99

- Oral questions - Written assignments 

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Solve problems related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection on waste management
- Show responsibility towards environmental conservation

- Work on problem-solving exercises related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection form on waste materials learning

How can we apply what we've learned about waste management in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 100

- Self-assessment - Written tests

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Solve problems related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection on waste management
- Show responsibility towards environmental conservation

- Work on problem-solving exercises related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection form on waste materials learning

How can we apply what we've learned about waste management in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 100

- Self-assessment - Written tests

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify different holding tools used in a workplace
- Name holding tools found within the locality
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools in daily use

- Study holding tools shown in pictures
- Mention where the tools can be found within the locality
- Draw and name the tools in exercise books

What are holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Visual aids
- Real holding tool

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for performing given tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select appropriate holding tools for specific tasks
- Explain reasons for selecting specific holding tools
- Show interest in proper tool selection

- Study tasks requiring holding tools
- Select the most appropriate holding tool for each task
- Give reasons for selecting specific tools

How do you decide which holding tool to use for a specific task?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
- Task scenarios
- Holding tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Tool selection assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe tasks performed using holding tools
- Explain uses of different holding tools
- Appreciate the importance of holding tools in task performance

- Study pictures of people using holding tools
- Describe tasks being carried out in each picture
- Name holding tools being used

How are different holding tools used in the workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures of holding tools in use

- Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate safe use of holding tools
- Follow safety guidelines when using holding tools
- Value safety when using holding tools

- Demonstrate how to safely use holding tools
- Practice using holding tools while following safety guidelines 

What safety measures should be observed when using holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 117
- Holding tools

- Observation - Demonstration - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to care for holding tools
- Describe maintenance practices for holding tools
- Show responsibility in tool care and maintenance

- Study pictures showing care for holding tools
- Discuss how tools in the pictures have been taken care of

Why is it important to care for and maintain tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Holding tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Demonstration assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- state the importance of holding tools
- Describe how holding tools help in task performance
- Value the role of holding tools in daily activities

- Study a picture of a worker using a holding tool
- Describe the importance of holding tools in the community

How do holding tools make work easier and safer?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 120

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Solve problems related to holding tools
- Complete a self-reflection on holding tools
- Show appreciation for the role of holding tools

- Find words related to holding tools in a word search puzzle
- Solve problems related to selection and use of holding tools

How can we apply what we've learned about holding tools in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 121

- problem-solving assessment 

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify financial institutions in Kenya
- Explain examples of financial institutions
- Show interest in financial institutions

- Identify types of financial institutions shown
- Name financial institutions available in the locality

What financial institutions do you know?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 160

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of financial institutions
- Describe types of financial institutions
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions

- Use print or digital media to search for information on financial institutions
- Discuss types of financial institutions

What services do different financial institutions offer?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 161

- Research notes

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of financial institutions
- Describe types of financial institutions
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions

- Use print or digital media to search for information on financial institutions
- Discuss types of financial institutions

What services do different financial institutions offer?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 161

- Research notes

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Classification of financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify classifications of financial institutions
- Compare banking and non-banking institutions
- Value the diversity of financial institutions

- Study a presentation on classification of financial institutions
- Identify the classifications of financial institutions

How are financial institutions classified in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 162
- Presentation materials

- Observation - Oral questions 

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify services offered by financial institutions
- Match services to specific institutions
- Show interest in financial services

- Select a type of financial institution to research

What services do financial institutions provide to individuals and businesses?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 164
- Digital resources
- Presentation tools

-  Oral questions 

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ways government gets involved in business
- Explain reasons for government involvement
- Appreciate the role of government in business

- Study pictures showing government involvement in business

Why does the government get involved in business activities?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 169

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- give specific reasons for government involvement
- Analyse examples of each reason
- Value government's role in ensuring fairness

- Study flashcards showing reasons for government involvement
- Discuss each reason and give examples

How does government involvement in business benefit citizens?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 170

- Discussion assessment - Written notes - Oral presentati-

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ways government regulates businesses
- Explain the purpose of business regulations
- Show responsibility towards regulatory compliance

- Study pictures of businesses being closed
- Discuss government's role in regulating businesses

How does the government regulate business activities?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 171

Oral questions                      written questions 

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Statevarious ways of government involvement
- Explain the importance of each involvement method
- Appreciate government's role in business

- Describe ways government gets involved

What are the different ways the government gets involved in business?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 172

- Research assessment - Oral presentation - Chart quality

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define taxes and their importance
- Identify sources of government funds
- Value the role of taxes in development

- Study pictures of public facilities
- Identity source of government funds

Why is it important to pay taxes?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 173

- Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify different types of taxes in Kenya
- Explain the purpose of each tax type
- Show responsibility towards tax compliance

- Discuss types of taxes (income tax, VAT, corporate tax, excise duty)

What are the different types of taxes collected in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 175

- Oral questions 

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify different types of taxes in Kenya
- Explain the purpose of each tax type
- Show responsibility towards tax compliance

- Discuss types of taxes (income tax, VAT, corporate tax, excise duty)

What are the different types of taxes collected in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 175

- Oral questions 

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - e-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define e-Government services
- Identify e-Government services in business
- Appreciate the value of digital government services

- Analyze a case study on e-Government
- Define e-Government services
- Identify e-Government services for business

How has e-Government improved business processes?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 176

- Case study analysis - Oral questions 

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Importance of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a business plan
- Explain the importance of a business plan
- Value the role of planning in business

- Brainstorm on the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Discuss how a business plan helps entrepreneurs

Why is a business plan important for entrepreneurs?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 180

-  Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Importance of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a business plan
- Explain the importance of a business plan
- Value the role of planning in business

- Brainstorm on the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Discuss how a business plan helps entrepreneurs

Why is a business plan important for entrepreneurs?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 180

-  Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Importance of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a business plan
- Explain the importance of a business plan
- Value the role of planning in business

- Brainstorm on the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Discuss how a business plan helps entrepreneurs

Why is a business plan important for entrepreneurs?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 180

-  Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Importance of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Search for information on business plans
- Describe benefits of business planning
- Show interest in business planning

- Use available resources to search for information on business plan

How does a business plan contribute to business success?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 181

- Research assessment - Note-taking - Oral presentation

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Value the structure of a business plan

- Study a chart showing components of a business plan
- Describe each component

What are the key components of a successful business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 183

- Observation -         Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Value the structure of a business plan

- Study a chart showing components of a business plan
- Describe each component

What are the key components of a successful business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 183

- Observation -         Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Value the structure of a business plan

- Study a chart showing components of a business plan
- Describe each component

What are the key components of a successful business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 183

- Observation -         Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Value the structure of a business plan

- Study a chart showing components of a business plan
- Describe each component

What are the key components of a successful business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 183

- Observation -         Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze case studies on business plan components
- Describe the purpose of each component
- Appreciate comprehensive business planning

- Read case studies on business plan components
- Identify the components described in the case studies

How do the different components work together in a business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 184
- Case studies
- Sample business plan

- Case study analysis  Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze case studies on business plan components
- Describe the purpose of each component
- Appreciate comprehensive business planning

- Read case studies on business plan components
- Identify the components described in the case studies

How do the different components work together in a business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 184
- Case studies
- Sample business plan

- Case study analysis  Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Complete a business plan template
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Show creativity in business planning

- Study a business plan template
- Copy the template in exercise books
- Complete the plan by filling in blank section

How do we complete a business plan for a specific business idea?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 185
- Business plan template

- Template completion       oral questions 

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Complete a business plan template
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Show creativity in business planning

- Study a business plan template
- Copy the template in exercise books
- Complete the plan by filling in blank section

How do we complete a business plan for a specific business idea?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 185
- Business plan template

- Template completion       oral questions