Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different holding tools used in a workplace
-Draw holding tools found within the locality
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools in daily use

- Study holding tools shown in pictures
- Discuss why the tools are known as holding tools
- Mention where the tools can be found within the locality
- Draw and name the tools in exercise books

What are holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Visual aids
- Real holding tools
- Pictures of holding tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for performing given tasks
Holding Tools -Uses of holding tools
Holding Tools  - Caring for holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- select and identify appropriate holding tools for specific tasks
- Explain reasons for selecting specific holding tools
- Show interest in proper tool selection

- Study tasks requiring holding tools
- Select the most appropriate holding tool for each task
- Give reasons for selecting specific tools
- Discuss factors to consider when selecting holding tools

How do you decide which holding tool to use for a specific task?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 115-119

- Pictures of holding tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Tool selection assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Driving tools used in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for performing given tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the importance of holding tools
- Describe how holding tools help in task performance
- Value the role of holding tools in daily activities

- Study a picture of a worker using a holding tool
- State how the holding tool helps the worker
- Explain how holding tools ensure safety
- Describe the importance of holding tools in the community

How do holding tools make work easier and safer?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 120-125
- Pictures of workers using holding tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-List tasks performed using driving tools
- Explain uses of different driving tools
- Value the importance of driving tools in task performance

- Study pictures of people using driving tools
- Describe what is happening in each picture
- Discuss the uses of different driving tools
- Mention tasks observed being performed using driving tools

How are different driving tools used in a workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 127-129
- Pictures of driving tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to care for driving tools
- Identify well-maintained vs. poorly maintained tools
- Value the importance of proper tool maintenance

- Study pictures showing care for driving tools
- Identify pictures showing tools that have been cared for
- Discuss how the driving tools have been cared for
- Explain the importance of tool care and maintenance

Why is it important to care for and maintain driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Driving tools
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture analysis

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify tasks that require driving tools. -Explain the importance of driving tools
- Appreciate the role of driving tools in daily life

- Mention tasks that can be performed using driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Explain how driving tools make work easier
- Describe safety benefits of proper tool use

How do driving tools improve productivity and safety?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 131 -132
- Pictures of tasks using driving tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Crossword puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Role of intermediaries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-State the meaning of channels of distribution
- Describe the role of intermediaries
- Appreciate the importance of distribution channels

- Discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution
- Explain the role of intermediaries in distribution
- Search for information on intermediaries in distribution
- Present findings to the class

Why are intermediaries important in the distribution of goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Pictures of intermediaries

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify channels for distributing goods
- Illustrate distribution channels
- Show interest in distribution channels

- Search and watch video clips on distribution channels
- Discuss different distribution channels
- Prepare a chart showing channels for distribution
- Present findings to the class

What are the different channels used for distributing goods and services?

- Video clips
- Reference books

- Observation - Chart assessment - Oral presentation

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical practices in distribution
- Recognize unethical practices in distribution
- Value ethical conduct in business

- Discuss ethical practices in distribution of goods and services
- Identify unethical practices in distribution
- Debate on ethical issues in distribution
- Present findings to the class

What ethical issues arise in the distribution of goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Newspaper articles
- Role play scenarios

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Participation in distribution
Project - Identifying problems to be solved

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify distribution activities in the community
- Explain ways to participate in distribution
- Show interest in distribution activities

- Visit local businesses to observe distribution activities
- Interview business owners about distribution processes
- Document distribution activities observed
- Present findings to the class

How can individuals participate in the distribution of goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 153
- Recording materials

- Oral assessment presentation

Tools and Production

Project - Identifying problems to be solved
Project - Selecting an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze collected data on community problems
- Select problems that can be solved using acquired skills
- Appreciate the value of problem-solving

- Analyze data collected during community visit
- Identify skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies
- Select problems that can be solved using the skills
- Describe how solving the problems benefits the community

Which problems can be effectively addressed with our existing skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 154
- Digital resources
- Presentation materials
- Reference materials
- Problem analysis tools

- Data analysis - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Project - Selecting an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate potential solutions based on effectiveness
- Consider resources, skills, and time constraints
- Value sustainable problem-solving approaches

- Discuss possible items that can be made to solve the problem
- Consider materials and tools required
- Evaluate skills required and cost implications
- Select one item to make for solving the problem

What factors should we consider when selecting a solution?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 155
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Evaluation tools

- Observation - Decision-making assessment - Written justification

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch the selected item
- Plan the making process
- Show creativity in design

- Make freehand sketches of the selected item
- Use resources to find steps for making the item
- Create a plan for making the item
- Prepare material and tool lists

How should we plan the making process?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 155-156
- Drawing materials
- Digital resources
- Tool catalogs

- Sketches assessment   Oral presentation

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Follow safety procedures
- Use tools and materials appropriately
- Show responsibility during the making process

- Wear appropriate safety gear
- Assemble materials and tools
- Inspect tools for good condition
- Begin making the item following planned steps

What safety considerations are important during the making process?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Safety gear
- Tools and materials
- Work space

- Observation  Safety compliance  Work progress

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Complete the making process
- Evaluate the finished item
- Show pride in the finished product

- Complete the making of the designed item
- Clean the working area and tools
- Store tools properly
- Evaluate the finished item

How can we evaluate the quality of our finished item?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Tools and materials
- Cleaning supplies
- Evaluation tools
- Cost calculation tools
- Digital resources
- Pricing guides

- Product assessment - Workspace management - Self-evaluation

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem
Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present the finished item effectively
- Explain how the item solves the identified problem
- Value feedback for improvement

- Present the finished item to the class
- Explain how the item solves the identified problem
- Demonstrate how the item works
- Receive feedback from classmates

How effectively does our item solve the identified problem?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156-157
- Finished item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Documentation tools
- Community resources

- Presentation - Product demonstration - Peer feedback

Tools and Production

Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate the success of the solution
- Discuss areas for improvement
- Show commitment to continuous improvement

- Evaluate how well the item solved the problem
- Identify strengths and weaknesses of the solution
- Suggest improvements for future projects
- Complete a self-reflection form

What have we learned from this project and how can we improve?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Evaluation tools
- Self-reflection forms
- Feedback data
- Finished item
- Presentation materials
- Community venue

- Solution evaluation - Improvement suggestions - Self-reflection

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship

Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems
Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Document the entire project process
- Create a comprehensive project report
- Show appreciation for skills acquired

- Create a comprehensive project report
- Include problem identification, solution development, implementation, and evaluation
- Reflect on skills acquired and applied
- Present the final report

How can we document our project journey for future reference?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157-161
- Digital resources

- Project report - Documentation quality - Presentation skills

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Classification of financial institutions in Kenya
Financial Services - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business
Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify classifications of financial institutions
- Compare banking and non-banking institutions
- Value the diversity of financial institutions

- Study a presentation on classification of financial institutions
- Identify the classifications of financial institutions
- Brainstorm on each classification
- Create a comparison table for the classifications

How are financial institutions classified in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 162-170
- Presentation materials
- Digital resources
- Flashcards
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Table assessment

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business
Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways government regulates businesses
- Explain the purpose of business regulations
- Show responsibility towards regulatory compliance

- Study pictures of businesses being closed
- Discuss government's role in regulating businesses
- Identify regulations violated by the businesses
- Explain the community benefit of regulations

How does the government regulate business activities?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 171-173
- Pictures of regulatory actions
- Digital resources
- Pictures of public facilities

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya
Government and Business - e-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of taxes in Kenya
- Explain the purpose of each tax type
- Show responsibility towards tax compliance

- Use available resources to find information about tax types
- Discuss types of taxes (income tax, VAT, corporate tax, excise duty)
- Find out current rates of each tax type
- Present findings in class

What are the different types of taxes collected in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 175-176
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Research assessment - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Importance of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a business plan
- Explain the importance of a business plan
- Value the role of planning in business

- Brainstorm on the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Discuss how a business plan helps entrepreneurs
- Explain reasons for making a business plan
- Share findings with the class

Why is a business plan important for entrepreneurs?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 180-181
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Video link

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Components of a business plan
Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Value the structure of a business plan

- Study a chart showing components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Study sample business plans
- Present the discussion in class

What are the key components of a successful business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 183-185
- Sample business plans
- Digital resources
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments