AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Household firm relationship.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a household and a firm as business terms.
Describe a household and a firm as producers and consumers and their role in a country's economic growth.

Q/A: review definition of economics, production economics.
Exposition & explanations.
Q/A & discussion.

resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 96-97

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 20-21

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Gross domestic product (GDP) and Gross National product (GNP). Per Capita Income.
Contribution of Agriculture to national development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms GDP & GNP.
Define the term gross national income (GNI).


Define the term per capita income.

Exposition & explanations.



Calculations.

calculator

KLB BK IV
Pg 97-98

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 87-88

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Land as a factor of production.
Labor as a factor of production.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the economic value of production of crops and livestock and space for construction of farm buildings, agro-industries & infrastructure.
List down methods of land acquisition.

Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions to elicit responses;
Brief discussion.

student book
chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 99-100

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 92-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Capital.
Management as a production factor.
Production function.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term capital.
Identify types of capital.
List sources of capital.

Oral questions, exposition & discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 102-3
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 94-95

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Production function curves.
Increasing returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate and interpret input-output relationship graphically.

Worked examples: supervised practice.

Graph papers.

KLB BK IV
Pg 106-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 98

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Constant returns production functions.
Decreasing returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Constant returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where Increasing returns production functions are experienced.

Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of constant returns production functions.

charts
graphs

KLB BK IV
Pg 108-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 99

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Law of diminishing returns.
Zones of a PF curve.
The principles of substitution. Input-input relationship.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the law oh diminishing returns.

Refer to illustrative tables.
Plot graphs from the tables;
Discuss shape of the curve.

graphs
Chart - Curve showing 3 zones of PF.

KLB BK IV
Pg 112

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 100-1

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Product-product relationship. Supplementary and complementary products.
The principle of equi-marginal returns. The concept of cost.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of product-product relationship.

Give illustrative examples depicting supplementary and complementary products.

Oral questions: joint products, competitive products.

Discussion.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 116-7

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 103

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Types of revenue.
Farm planning.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute total revenue, net revenue and marginal revenue given the relevant information.

Worked examples;
Explanations.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 119-120
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 107

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Making a farm plan.
Farm budgeting.
Types of farm budgets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline steps followed in making a farm plan.

Exposition, probing questions & discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 122-3
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 109

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farmer?s support services Extension, training & banking.
Credit. Sources of credit.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe extension, training & banking as support services to the farmers.

Exposition & explanations.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 127-8

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 112-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Artificial insemination & Agricultural research.
Marketing. Farm input suppliers Tractor hire service

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe A.I. services provided to farmers.
Identify objectives of Agricultural research.
Give examples of Agricultural research centers in Kenya.

Detailed discussion
& exposition of new concepts.

student book
resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 130-2

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 115-6

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)
AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Risks and uncertainties in farming.
Adjusting to uncertainties and risks.
Financial documents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms risk and uncertainty.
List types of risk and uncertainties.

Brain storming;
Detailed discussion.

Invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.

KLB BK IV
Pg 134-5

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 116-7

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Books of accounts.
Cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the ledger and the inventory.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.

Cash book.

KLB BK IV
Pg 146-150
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 124

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Journal & Subsidiary books of the Journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the journal & subsidiary books of the journal.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.

KLB BK IV
Pg 151-3

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial statements. Balance sheet.
Solvency of a business.
Profit and loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of balance sheets.
Prepare a balance sheet.

Make entries in a balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.

Balance sheet.
chart 

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 129-130

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Market and marketing.
Types of markets. Monopoly. Oligopoly & Monopsony.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define the term market as an institution.
Distinguish between a perfect and imperfect market.

Q/A: definition.
Teacher?s explanations.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 164

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 137

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Price theory and demand.
Factors affecting demand for a commodity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms price & demand.
Sketch the demand curve.
Explain the term demand schedule.

Exposition;
Curve sketching & explanations.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 166-8
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 139-140

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Elasticity of demand.
Factors affecting elasticity of demand.
Supply & Supply-price relationship.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of elasticity of demand.
Illustrate demand for a commodity.
Calculate elasticity of demand.
Identify types of elasticity of demand.
Illustrate elastic, inelastic & unitary demand graphically.

Teacher?s explanations.
Graphical illustration.

Worked examples. Supervised practice.



Graphical representation of demand.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 170-3


Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 142-4

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Factors affecting supply of a commodity.
Elasticity of supply (Es).

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State & explain factors affecting supply of a commodity.

Q/A & detailed discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 175-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 145-6

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Determination of market prices.
Price control. Marketing and marketing function.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how market prices are determined.
Determine the equilibrium or market prices of a commodity in a free market.

Teacher?s explanation.

Q/A : review demand and supply curves.
Plot both curves.
Interpret the graphs.

graph
student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 178-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 149

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Marketing organizations and agencies. Wholesalers & retailers.
Itinerant traders, broker agents & commission agents.
Packers and processors, marketing boards & auctioneers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Explain the arbitrage role of a wholesaler.
Identify services provided by retailers.

Brain storming;
Exposition;
Discussion.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 183-4

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 151

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Special characteristics of Agricultural products.
Agricultural organizations. Kenya sugar authority, Horticultural crops Development Authority, AFC, ADC, and KMC.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe bulkiness, weight, volume, seasonality and perishability of Agricultural products.

Oral questions & detailed discussion

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 186-8

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Other Farmers? Associations: KNFU, ASK, 4K-club, YF club.
Co-operative societies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the functions of other Farmers? Associations such as KNFU, ASK, 4K-club, YF club.

Probing questions,
Brief discussion
Assignment.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 195-7

AGRO FORESTRY

Definition of Agroforestry. Forms of agroforestry.
Importance of agroforestry.
Tree nursery.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term agroforestry.

Describe forms of agroforestry.

Probing questions & explanations.

student book
Tree nurseries.

KLB BK IV
Pg 200-1

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 166-7

AGRO FORESTRY
FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Nursery management practices & Care and management of trees.
Electrical system of a tractor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify practices carried out on the nursery in order to produce healthy tree seedlings.
Describe the care and management of trees.

Brain storming;
Discussion;
Practical activities ? transplanting seedlings.

Tree nurseries.
Chart-  electrical system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 205-8

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 173-177

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor ignition system.
Tractor cooling system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name the components of tractor ignition system.
Correct some common faults of ignition system.
Discuss maintenance practices of the ignition system.

Refer to a diagram for ignition system of a tractor;
Brief discussion.

Chart - ignition system.
Chart- water cooling system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 67-69

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 62-63

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Lubrication system of an engine.
Power transmission system of an engine.
Tractor servicing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the lubrication system of an engine.
Outline importance of maintaining the lubrication system.

Exposition;
Brief discussion.

diagram of a lubrication system
Chart- power transmission
system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 71-72
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 64-5

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor drawn implements.
Disc plough.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify tractor drawn implements on basis of attachment to the tractor.
List down maintenance practices for a trailer.

Teacher?s explanations.


Q/A: maintenance practices.

Charts-
Tractor drawn implements.
Chart- Disc plough

KLB BK IV
Pg 77-80

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 66-7

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Mould board plough.
Harrows.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State operational differences between the disc plough and mould board plough.

Chart- Mould board plough
harrows 

KLB BK IV
Pg 80-82
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 70-1

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Other farm implements.
Animal drawn implements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the functional features of subsoilers, ridgers, rotary tillers & mowers.
List down maintenance practices for the
implements.

Exposition & brief discussion.
Excursion & exhibitions.

illustrative video
Chart:
An ox-plough.

KLB BK IV
Pg 85-91

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 78-82