Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Living Things and their Environment
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy

Structure of the atom - General structure.
Structure of the atom - Meaning of an atom
Structure of the atom - Atomic number
Structure of the atom - Mass number
Structure of the atom - Representation of elements
Structure of the atom - Energy levels
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangements of elements
Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement practice
Structure of the atom - Modelling structures
Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals identification
Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals classification
Structure of the atom - Assessment
Metals and Alloys - Identifying metals
Metals and Alloys - Classification of materials
Metals and Alloys - Physical properties (state)
Metals and Alloys - Malleability
Metals and Alloys - Ductility
Metals and Alloys - Electrical conductivity
Metals and Alloys - Thermal conductivity
Metals and Alloys - Causes of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Effects of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Control of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Investigating rusting
Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals
Metals and Alloys - Identifying alloys
Metals and Alloys - Alloys in locality
Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys
Metals and Alloys - Uses of alloys
Metals and Alloys - Observing alloy uses
Metals and Alloys - Assessment
Water hardness - Physical properties
Water hardness - Water sources
Water hardness - Colour and odour
Water hardness - Investigating color and odor
Water hardness - Boiling point
Water hardness - Hard and soft water
Water hardness - Differences
Water hardness - Advantages of soft water
Water hardness - Hard water advantages
Water hardness - Methods of softening
Water hardness - Boiling method
Water hardness - Chemical method
Water hardness - Distillation method
Water hardness - Applications
Nutrition in plants - External structure of the leaf
Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts
Nutrition in plants - Observing leaf structures
Nutrition in plants - Leaf adaptations for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of the leaf
Nutrition in plants - Leaf tissues for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Internal adaptations for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Structure of chloroplast
Nutrition in plants - Chloroplast adaptations
Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Conditions for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Stages of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch
Nutrition in plants - Light and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Carbon (IV) oxide and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Chlorophyll and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Environmental impact of photosynthesis
Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition in animals
Nutrition in animals - Parasitic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Saprophytic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Symbiotic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Holozoic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (structure)
Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (functions)
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in animals (homodont and heterodont)
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in carnivores
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in herbivores
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in omnivores
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (ingestion)
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (digestion)
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (absorption)
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (assimilation)
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (egestion)
Reproduction in plants - Parts of a flower
Reproduction in plants - Functions of parts of a flower
Reproduction in plants - Meaning of pollination
Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (self-pollination)
Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (cross-pollination)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (insects)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (birds, other animals)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (wind, water)
Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to insect pollination
Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
Reproduction in plants - Effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants
Reproduction in plants - Seed formation in flowering plants
Reproduction in plants - Fruit formation in flowering plants
Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal (meaning and importance)
Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (animals)
Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (wind, water)
Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (self-dispersal mechanisms)
Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of fruits and seeds for dispersal
Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature
The interdependence of life - Components of the environment
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (predation)
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (parasitism)
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (symbiosis)
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (competition)
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (saprophytic)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (temperature)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (light)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (water)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (wind)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (atmospheric pressure, pH and salinity)
The interdependence of life - Energy flow (food chains)
The interdependence of life - Energy flow (food webs)
The interdependence of life - Human activities (habitat change)
The interdependence of life - Human activities (hunting and poaching)
The interdependence of life - Human activities (introduction of new living things)
The interdependence of life - Interrelationships in Kenya national parks
The interdependence of life - Role of decomposers in ecosystems
Curved mirrors - Types of curved mirrors
Curved mirrors - Terms associated with concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Determining focal length of concave mirror
Curved mirrors - Ray diagrams for concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (beyond C)
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (at C)
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (between C and F)
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (at F)
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (between F and P)
Curved mirrors - Characteristics of images formed by concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Locating images formed by concave mirrors experimentally
Curved mirrors - Terms associated with convex mirrors
Curved mirrors - Ray diagrams for convex mirrors
Curved mirrors - Image formation by convex mirrors
Curved mirrors - Locating images formed by convex mirrors experimentally
Curved mirrors - Applications of curved mirrors (concave mirrors)
Curved mirrors - Applications of curved mirrors (convex mirrors)
Curved mirrors - Applications of curved mirrors (parabolic reflectors)
Waves - Meaning of waves
Waves - Generating waves in nature
Waves - Transverse and longitudinal waves
Waves - Classifying waves
Waves - Amplitude and wavelength
Waves - Frequency and period
Waves - Practical: Period of waves
Waves - Wave speed
Waves - Phase of waves
Waves - Oscillation in phase
Waves - Oscillation out of phase
Waves - Characteristics of waves: straight-line motion
Waves - Characteristics of waves: reflection
Waves - Characteristics of waves: bending
Waves - Characteristics of waves: diffraction
Waves - Remote sensing in relation to waves
Waves - Transmission, absorption and reflection in remote sensing
Waves - Applications of waves in everyday life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the general structure of an atom
- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Show interest in exploring the structure of atoms

- Observe a diagram showing the structure of an atom
- Discuss in groups the general structure of atoms
- Identify the particles shown in the atom

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 1)
- Charts showing structure of an atom
- Digital resources
- Models of atoms
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 2)
- Charts showing structure of atoms
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 3)
- Periodic table
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 4)
- Charts showing atomic structure
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 5)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 6)
- Charts showing energy levels
- Models
- Charts showing electron arrangements
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 7)
- Charts showing energy level diagrams
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 8)
- Exercise sheets
- Locally available materials
- Sample models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 9)
- Charts showing classification of elements
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 10)
- Assessment items
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 15)
- Samples of metallic and non-metallic items
- Pictures
- Samples of different materials
- Worksheets
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 16)
- Samples of different metals
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 17)
- Hammer or mallet
- Safety equipment
- Metal wires
- Pliers
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 18)
- Simple circuit components
- Metal samples
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 19)
- Heat source
- Candle wax or cooking fat
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 20)
- Iron nails
- Test tubes
- Water and oil
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 21)
- Pictures of rusted items
- Actual rusted items
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 22)
- Items with rust prevention
- Camera (if available)
- Observation sheets
- Rusted items
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 23)
- Pictures showing uses of metals
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 24)
- Samples of items made from alloys
- Items made from alloys
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 25)
- Pictures of different alloys
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 26)
- Pictures showing uses of alloys
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 27)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 32)
- Samples of metals and alloys
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 33)
- Water samples from different sources
- Containers for samples
- Water samples
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Clear containers
- White paper
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 35)
- Thermometer
- Beaker
- Water
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 36)
- Soap
- Beakers
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 37)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 38)
- Debate materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 39)
- Research materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 40)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 41)
- Hard water samples
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 42)
- Washing soda
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 44)
- Distillation apparatus
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 45)
- Pictures of water applications
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 49)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Fresh leaves
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 50)
- Hand lens
- Drawing materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 51)
- Charts showing leaf adaptations
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 52)
- Charts showing internal structure of leaf
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 53)
- Charts showing internal leaf tissues
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 54)
- Charts showing internal leaf adaptations
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 55)
- Charts showing structure of chloroplast
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 56)
- Photomicrographs of chloroplasts
- Charts showing chloroplast structure
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 57)
- Charts showing photosynthesis process
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 58)
- Charts showing conditions for photosynthesis
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 59)
- Charts showing stages of photosynthesis
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 60)
- Apparatus for testing starch in leaves
- Chemicals (iodine solution)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 61)
- Potted plants
- Aluminum foil/carbon paper
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 62)
- Conical flasks with corks
- Potassium hydroxide solution
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 63)
- Variegated leaves
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 64)
- Charts showing importance of photosynthesis
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 65)
- Charts showing carbon cycle
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 73)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animals with different feeding habits
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 74)
- Pictures of parasitic animals
- Pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 75)
- Pictures of symbiotic relationships
- Pictures of animals with holozoic feeding
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 76)
- Dental models or charts
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 77)
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 78)
- Pictures of animal teeth
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 79)
- Pictures/models of carnivore teeth
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 80)
- Pictures/models of herbivore teeth
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 81)
- Pictures/models of omnivore teeth
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 82)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 83)
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts of the circulatory system
- Charts/models of the large intestine
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 86)
- Fresh flowers
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 87)
- Flower models or charts
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 88)
- Videos on pollination
- Charts showing pollination
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 89)
- Charts showing self-pollination
- Charts showing cross-pollination
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 90)
- Pictures/videos of insect pollinators
- Pictures/videos of bird and animal pollinators
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 91)
- Pictures/videos of wind and water pollination
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 92)
- Fresh insect-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of insect-pollinated flowers
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 93)
- Fresh wind-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of wind-pollinated flowers
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 94)
- Articles on effects of agrochemicals on pollinators
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 95)
- Videos on fertilization in plants
- Charts showing fertilization process
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 96)
- Videos on seed formation
- Charts showing seed formation
- Samples of seeds at different developmental stages
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 97)
- Videos on fruit formation
- Charts showing fruit formation
- Samples of fruits at different developmental stages
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 98)
- Charts showing seed dispersal
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 99)
- Samples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Pictures of animal dispersal
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 100)
- Samples of wind and water-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Pictures of wind and water dispersal
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 101)
- Samples of self-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Pictures of self-dispersal mechanisms
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 102)
- Various fruit and seed samples
- Sorting trays
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 105)
- Pictures of different flowers and their roles
- Charts on flower roles in ecosystems
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 107)
- School grounds
- Notebooks
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 108)
- Pictures/videos of predator-prey relationships
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 109)
- Pictures/videos of parasitic relationships
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 110)
- Pictures/videos of symbiotic relationships
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 111)
- Pictures/videos of competitive relationships
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 112)
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 113)
- Thermometers
- Pictures/videos of organisms in different temperature zones
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 114)
- Light meters (if available)
- Plants grown under different light conditions
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 115)
- Pictures of plants from arid and wet environments
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 116)
- Pictures of plants from windy and sheltered environments
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 117)
- pH testing equipment (if available)
- Water samples of different salinity
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 118)
- Charts showing food chains
- Pictures of local organisms
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 119)
- Charts showing food webs
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 120)
- Pictures showing habitat change
- Newspaper articles
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 121)
- Pictures related to hunting and poaching
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 122)
- Pictures of invasive species
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 123)
- Pictures of Kenya national parks
- Maps of Kenya national parks
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 125)
- Pictures/videos of decomposers
- Materials to create models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 133)
- Shiny spoons
- Digital resources on curved mirrors
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 135)
- Charts showing the structure of a concave mirror
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 137)
- Concave mirrors
- Rulers
- White screens or plain paper
- Mirror holders
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 140)
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Drawing instruments
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 143)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 144)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 145)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 147)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 148)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 149)
- Previous ray diagrams
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 150)
- Screens
- Candles or light sources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 153)
- Convex mirrors
- Charts showing the structure of convex mirrors
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 154)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 156)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 159)
- Objects of various sizes
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 161)
- Examples of devices using concave mirrors
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 162)
- Examples of devices using convex mirrors
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 163)
- Examples of devices using parabolic reflectors
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 166)
- Basin with water
- Small objects to drop in water
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 167)
- Rope
- Speakers
- Rice or sand
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 169)
- Slinky springs
- Cloth pieces for marking
- Digital resources showing wave motion
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 171)
- Charts showing different wave types
- Wave demonstration equipment
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 172)
- Wave diagrams
- Graph paper
- Digital simulations
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 173)
- String and masses
- Stopwatches
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 175)
- Stands with clamps
- Strings
- Masses
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 176)
- Calculators
- Wave speed problems
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 178)
- Strings and identical masses
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 179)
- Pendulum apparatus
- Measuring equipment
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 181)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 183)
- Ripple tank
- Paper for tracing
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 184)
- Metal strips as reflectors
- Paper for tracing wave patterns
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 185)
- Glass plate to create shallow region
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 186)
- Metal barriers with adjustable gaps
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 187)
- Diagrams of remote sensing processes
- Video clips on remote sensing
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 188)
- Examples of remote sensing data
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 190)
- Examples of wave-based technologies
- Video clips on wave applications

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments