Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Physical properties
Water hardness - Water sources
Water hardness - Colour and odour

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect water samples from different sources
- Compare water from different sources
- Appreciate the variety of water sources in the locality

- Determine the colour and odour of clean water
- Distinguish between clean and dirty water
- Show interest in water quality

- Tour the locality to observe water sources
- Collect water samples from different sources
- Compare water samples in terms of appearance, odor, taste and boiling point
- Discuss the colour and odour of water from different sources
- Observe the colour of water in a clear container
- Compare the colour and odour of different water samples

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 33)
- Water samples from different sources
- Containers for samples
- Charts
- Water samples
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Water samples
- Clear containers
- White paper

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports
- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Investigating color and odor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the color and odor of different water samples
- Record observations on water characteristics
- Appreciate the importance of clean water

- Carry out experiments to test color and odor of water samples
- Record observations in a table
- Draw conclusions about water quality based on observations

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Water samples
- Clear containers
- White paper
- Worksheets

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Boiling point
Water hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the boiling point of water
- Explain why water boils at a specific temperature
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Set up apparatus to determine boiling point of water
- Measure temperature changes as water heats
- Record observations about boiling water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 35)
- Thermometer
- Heat source
- Beaker
- Water
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 36)
- Soap
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Differences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what makes water hard or soft
- Identify sources of hard and soft water
- Appreciate differences in water properties

- Discuss what causes water hardness
- Identify sources of hard and soft water
- Compare characteristics of hard and soft water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 37)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Water samples

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Advantages of soft water
Water hardness - Hard water advantages
Water hardness - Methods of softening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify advantages of soft water
- Debate on uses of soft water
- Appreciate the value of soft water in certain applications

- Identify advantages of hard water
- Discuss health benefits of minerals in hard water
- Appreciate the value of hard water in certain applications

- Debate on advantages of soft water
- Discuss benefits of using soft water for cleaning
- Research advantages of soft water
- Discuss benefits of minerals in hard water
- Research advantages of hard water
- Debate on usefulness of hard water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 38)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Debate materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 39)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Research materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 40)
- Water samples

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Boiling method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water by boiling
- Explain how boiling removes hardness
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Carry out experiment to soften hard water by boiling
- Test lathering ability of water before and after boiling
- Explain observations from the experiment

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 41)
- Hard water samples
- Heat source
- Beakers
- Soap

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Chemical method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water using chemicals
- Explain how chemicals remove hardness
- Show care when handling chemicals

- Carry out experiment to soften hard water using chemicals
- Test lathering ability before and after treatment
- Explain observations from the experiment

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 42)
- Hard water samples
- Washing soda
- Beakers
- Soap

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Distillation method
Water hardness - Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water by distillation
- Explain how distillation removes hardness
- Observe safety measures during distillation

- Set up distillation apparatus
- Distill hard water and test the distillate
- Compare properties of hard water and distilled water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 44)
- Distillation apparatus
- Hard water samples
- Heat source
- Soap
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 45)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Pictures of water applications

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - External structure of the leaf
Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts
Nutrition in plants - Observing leaf structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the external parts of a leaf
- Draw and label external parts of a leaf
- Show interest in exploring plant structures

- Describe the functions of external leaf parts
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Appreciate the diversity of leaf structures

- Observe pictures showing external structure of a leaf
- Identify external parts of the leaf from the pictures
- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf
- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Share findings with classmates

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 49)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 50)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves
- Hand lens
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings
- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Leaf adaptations for photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Relate leaf adaptations to their functions
- Show interest in understanding plant adaptations

- Discuss how external leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Search for information about leaf adaptations from digital devices or print resources
- Make summary notes on leaf adaptations

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 51)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing leaf adaptations
- Reference materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of the leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the internal parts of a leaf
- Describe the arrangement of tissues in a leaf
- Show curiosity in learning about internal leaf structures

- Observe a diagram showing internal structure of a leaf
- Identify the internal parts of the leaf
- Discuss the functions of each internal part of the leaf

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 52)
- Charts showing internal structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Models

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Leaf tissues for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Internal adaptations for photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of internal leaf tissues
- Relate internal leaf structures to photosynthesis
- Appreciate the complexity of leaf tissues

- Discuss the functions of different internal leaf tissues
- Relate the structure of internal leaf tissues to photosynthesis
- Share findings with classmates

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 53)
- Charts showing internal leaf tissues
- Digital resources
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 54)
- Charts showing internal leaf adaptations
- Reference materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Structure of chloroplast
Nutrition in plants - Chloroplast adaptations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure of a chloroplast
- Identify parts of a chloroplast and their functions
- Appreciate the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis

- Explain how chloroplasts are adapted for photosynthesis
- Identify chloroplast structures from photomicrographs
- Show interest in microscopic structures

- Observe a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast
- Identify the parts of a chloroplast
- Discuss the functions of different parts of a chloroplast
- Study a photomicrograph of a chloroplast
- Identify parts of the chloroplast from the photomicrograph
- Discuss how chloroplasts are adapted for photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 55)
- Charts showing structure of chloroplast
- Digital resources
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 56)
- Photomicrographs of chloroplasts
- Charts showing chloroplast structure
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Conditions for photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of photosynthesis
- Identify raw materials and products of photosynthesis
- Show interest in understanding photosynthesis

- Discuss conditions and raw materials necessary for photosynthesis
- Identify products of photosynthesis
- Search for information on the process of photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 57)
- Charts showing photosynthesis process
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 58)
- Charts showing conditions for photosynthesis

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Stages of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the light and dark stages of photosynthesis
- Explain where each stage occurs in the chloroplast
- Show curiosity in understanding photosynthetic stages

- Study a chart showing stages of photosynthesis
- Discuss the light and dark stages of photosynthesis
- Explain the products of each stage of photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 59)
- Charts showing stages of photosynthesis
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch
Nutrition in plants - Light and photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the procedure for testing for starch in a leaf
- Explain why each step in the procedure is important
- Observe safety measures when carrying out experiments

- Set up an experiment to test for the presence of starch in a leaf
- Follow the correct procedure step by step
- Observe and record the results
- Explain why certain steps are necessary

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 60)
- Apparatus for testing starch in leaves
- Chemicals (iodine solution)
- Fresh leaves
- Heat source
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 61)
- Potted plants
- Aluminum foil/carbon paper
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Carbon (IV) oxide and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Chlorophyll and photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate whether carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis
- Control variables in an experiment
- Practice safety measures when conducting experiments

- Investigate whether chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
- Design a fair test using variegated leaves
- Draw conclusions based on evidence

- Design an experiment to investigate the effect of carbon (IV) oxide on photosynthesis
- Set up the experiment with appropriate controls
- Record and analyze results
- Draw conclusions from the experiment
- Design an experiment using variegated leaves to investigate the role of chlorophyll
- Test for starch in variegated leaves
- Record and analyze results
- Draw conclusions from the experiment

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 62)
- Potted plants
- Conical flasks with corks
- Potassium hydroxide solution
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 63)
- Variegated leaves
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals
- Heat source

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Environmental impact of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of photosynthesis in nature
- Relate photosynthesis to food production and oxygen release
- Appreciate the significance of photosynthesis

- Search for information on importance of photosynthesis
- Discuss how photosynthesis benefits plants, animals and the environment
- Make summary notes on importance of photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 64)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing importance of photosynthesis
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 65)
- Charts showing carbon cycle

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition in animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of nutrition in animals
- Identify different modes of nutrition in animals
- Appreciate the diversity of feeding mechanisms in animals

- Observe pictures of animals with different feeding mechanisms
- Discuss modes of nutrition in animals
- Categorize different animals based on how they feed
- Search for information on animal nutrition using digital devices or print materials

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 73)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animals with different feeding habits

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Parasitic mode of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain parasitic mode of nutrition
- Identify animals that exhibit parasitic mode of nutrition
- Appreciate the role of parasites in the ecosystem

- Observe pictures of parasitic animals
- Discuss the characteristics of parasitic animals
- Research on examples of parasitic animals
- Create presentations on parasitic animals

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 74)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of parasitic animals

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Saprophytic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Symbiotic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Holozoic mode of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain saprophytic mode of nutrition
- Identify organisms that exhibit saprophytic mode of nutrition
- Value the role of saprophytes in nutrient cycling

- Explain holozoic mode of nutrition
- Identify animals that exhibit holozoic mode of nutrition
- Show interest in exploring holozoic nutrition

- Observe pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Discuss the characteristics of saprophytic organisms
- Research on examples of saprophytic organisms
- Discuss the importance of saprophytes in the ecosystem
- Observe pictures of animals with holozoic feeding
- Discuss the steps involved in holozoic nutrition
- Research on examples of animals with holozoic nutrition
- Create presentations on holozoic feeding

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 74)
- Digital devices
- Pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 75)
- Pictures of symbiotic relationships
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 75)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animals with holozoic feeding

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (structure)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of teeth
- Describe the structure of different types of teeth
- Appreciate the diversity in teeth structure

- Observe and draw different types of teeth
- Use models/charts to identify the structure of different types of teeth
- Discuss the structure and location of different types of teeth in the mouth

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 76)
- Dental models or charts
- Digital devices

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (functions)
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in animals (homodont and heterodont)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of different types of teeth
- Relate the structure of teeth to their functions
- Show interest in understanding tooth function

- Discuss the functions of different types of teeth
- Using models, demonstrate how different teeth perform their functions
- Make presentations on the relationship between structure and function of teeth

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 77)
- Dental models or charts
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 78)
- Pictures of animal teeth

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in carnivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dentition of carnivores
- Identify adaptations of carnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding carnivore dentition

- Observe pictures/models of carnivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of carnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of carnivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on carnivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 79)
- Pictures/models of carnivore teeth
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in herbivores
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in omnivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dentition of herbivores
- Identify adaptations of herbivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding herbivore dentition

- Describe the dentition of omnivores
- Identify adaptations of omnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding omnivore dentition

- Observe pictures/models of herbivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of herbivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of herbivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on herbivore dentition
- Observe pictures/models of omnivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of omnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of omnivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on omnivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 80)
- Pictures/models of herbivore teeth
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 81)
- Pictures/models of omnivore teeth
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in omnivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dentition of omnivores
- Identify adaptations of omnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding omnivore dentition

- Observe pictures/models of omnivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of omnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of omnivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on omnivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 81)
- Pictures/models of omnivore teeth
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (ingestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of ingestion in human beings
- Describe the role of teeth and salivary glands in ingestion
- Appreciate the complexity of the digestive process

- Discuss the process of ingestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in ingestion
- Demonstrate the role of teeth and saliva in ingestion
- Research on the process of ingestion

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 82)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Demonstrations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (digestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of digestion in human beings
- Identify organs involved in digestion and their functions
- Appreciate the importance of proper digestion

- Discuss the process of digestion in different parts of the digestive system
- Using charts/models, identify organs involved in digestion
- Research on mechanical and chemical digestion
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 83)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (digestion)
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (absorption)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of digestion in human beings
- Identify organs involved in digestion and their functions
- Appreciate the importance of proper digestion

- Explain the process of absorption in human beings
- Identify structures involved in absorption and their adaptations
- Appreciate the efficiency of the absorption process

- Discuss the process of digestion in different parts of the digestive system
- Using charts/models, identify organs involved in digestion
- Research on mechanical and chemical digestion
- Present findings to the class
- Discuss the process of absorption in the small intestine
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in absorption
- Research on the adaptations of the small intestine for absorption
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 83)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (assimilation)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of assimilation in human beings
- Describe how absorbed nutrients are utilized in the body
- Value the importance of proper nutrition for body functions

- Discuss the process of assimilation
- Research on how different nutrients are used in the body
- Create presentations on the process of assimilation
- Discuss the importance of proper nutrition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts of the circulatory system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (egestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of egestion in human beings
- Identify structures involved in egestion and their functions
- Appreciate the importance of proper waste elimination

- Discuss the process of egestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in egestion
- Research on the importance of fiber in egestion
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts/models of the large intestine
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (egestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of egestion in human beings
- Identify structures involved in egestion and their functions
- Appreciate the importance of proper waste elimination

- Discuss the process of egestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in egestion
- Research on the importance of fiber in egestion
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts/models of the large intestine
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Parts of a flower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify external parts of a flower
- Draw and label parts of a flower
- Appreciate the complexity of flower structure

- Collect and observe flowers from the school compound
- Identify and name the parts of the flowers
- Draw and label the parts of a flower
- Discuss the functions of the parts of a flower

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 86)
- Fresh flowers
- Hand lens
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Functions of parts of a flower
Reproduction in plants - Meaning of pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline the functions of different parts of a flower
- Relate the structure of flower parts to their functions
- Show interest in understanding flower parts

- Discuss in groups the functions of different parts of a flower
- Use models/charts to explain how the structure of flower parts relates to their functions
- Create presentations on flower parts and their functions

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 87)
- Flower models or charts
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 88)
- Videos on pollination
- Charts showing pollination

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (self-pollination)
Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (cross-pollination)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain self-pollination
- Identify plants that undergo self-pollination
- Value the diversity in plant reproduction strategies

- Explain cross-pollination
- Identify plants that undergo cross-pollination
- Appreciate the advantages of cross-pollination

- Discuss self-pollination
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate self-pollination
- Research on examples of plants that undergo self-pollination
- Create presentations on self-pollination
- Discuss cross-pollination
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate cross-pollination
- Research on examples of plants that undergo cross-pollination
- Compare self-pollination and cross-pollination

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 89)
- Charts showing self-pollination
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 89)
- Charts showing cross-pollination
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (insects)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (birds, other animals)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify insects as agents of pollination
- Explain how insects aid in pollination
- Appreciate the role of insects in plant reproduction

- Observe pictures/videos of insects as pollinators
- Discuss how insects aid in pollination
- Take a field excursion to observe insects pollinating flowers
- Record observations and present to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 90)
- Pictures/videos of insect pollinators
- Digital devices
- Pictures/videos of bird and animal pollinators

- Observation - Field notes assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (wind, water)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify wind and water as agents of pollination
- Explain how wind and water aid in pollination
- Show interest in various pollination mechanisms

- Observe pictures/videos of wind and water pollination
- Discuss how wind and water aid in pollination
- Research on examples of flowers pollinated by wind and water
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 91)
- Pictures/videos of wind and water pollination
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to insect pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of flowers to insect pollination
- Explain how these adaptations facilitate insect pollination
- Appreciate the relationship between structure and function

- Observe insect-pollinated flowers
- Identify and discuss adaptations to insect pollination
- Compare different insect-pollinated flowers
- Create presentations on adaptations to insect pollination

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 92)
- Fresh insect-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of insect-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
Reproduction in plants - Effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
- Explain how these adaptations facilitate wind pollination
- Value the diversity in plant adaptations

- Explain the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Describe how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Show concern for the impact of human activities on pollinators

- Observe wind-pollinated flowers
- Identify and discuss adaptations to wind pollination
- Compare insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers
- Create presentations on adaptations to wind pollination
- Research on the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Discuss how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Debate on the use of agrochemicals and their effects on pollination
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 93)
- Fresh wind-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of wind-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 94)
- Digital devices
- Articles on effects of agrochemicals on pollinators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Describe how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Show concern for the impact of human activities on pollinators

- Research on the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Discuss how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Debate on the use of agrochemicals and their effects on pollination
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 94)
- Digital devices
- Articles on effects of agrochemicals on pollinators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of fertilization in flowering plants
- Describe the journey of pollen tube to the ovule
- Appreciate the complexity of plant reproduction

- Watch videos on fertilization in flowering plants
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate the fertilization process
- Discuss the journey of the pollen tube to the ovule
- Create presentations on fertilization in flowering plants

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 95)
- Videos on fertilization in plants
- Charts showing fertilization process
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Seed formation in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of seed formation in flowering plants
- Identify the changes that occur during seed formation
- Value the importance of seeds in plant reproduction

- Watch videos on seed formation
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate seed formation
- Observe different stages of seed development if available
- Discuss the changes that occur during seed formation

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 96)
- Videos on seed formation
- Charts showing seed formation
- Samples of seeds at different developmental stages

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Drawing assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Seed formation in flowering plants
Reproduction in plants - Fruit formation in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of seed formation in flowering plants
- Identify the changes that occur during seed formation
- Value the importance of seeds in plant reproduction

- Explain the process of fruit formation in flowering plants
- Identify the changes that occur during fruit formation
- Appreciate the role of fruits in plant reproduction

- Watch videos on seed formation
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate seed formation
- Observe different stages of seed development if available
- Discuss the changes that occur during seed formation
- Watch videos on fruit formation
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate fruit formation
- Observe different stages of fruit development if available
- Discuss the changes that occur during fruit formation

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 96)
- Videos on seed formation
- Charts showing seed formation
- Samples of seeds at different developmental stages
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 97)
- Videos on fruit formation
- Charts showing fruit formation
- Samples of fruits at different developmental stages

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Drawing assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal (meaning and importance)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Value the role of dispersal in plant reproduction

- Discuss the meaning of fruit and seed dispersal
- Research on the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Debate on what would happen if seeds were not dispersed
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 98)
- Digital devices
- Charts showing seed dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (animals)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain animal dispersal of fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Appreciate the role of animals in plant reproduction

- Collect and observe fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for animal dispersal
- Research on examples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on animal dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 99)
- Samples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animal dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Collection assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (animals)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain animal dispersal of fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Appreciate the role of animals in plant reproduction

- Collect and observe fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for animal dispersal
- Research on examples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on animal dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 99)
- Samples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animal dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Collection assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (wind, water)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain wind and water dispersal of fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds dispersed by wind and water
- Show interest in different dispersal mechanisms

- Collect and observe fruits and seeds dispersed by wind and water
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for wind and water dispersal
- Research on examples of wind and water dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on wind and water dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 100)
- Samples of wind and water-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of wind and water dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Collection assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (self-dispersal mechanisms)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain self-dispersal mechanisms in fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds that use self-dispersal mechanisms
- Appreciate the diversity in dispersal mechanisms

- Observe fruits that use self-dispersal mechanisms
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for self-dispersal
- Research on examples of self-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on self-dispersal mechanisms

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 101)
- Samples of self-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of self-dispersal mechanisms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations