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SCHEME OF WORK
Pre Tech Studies
Grade 8 2025
TERM II
School


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WK LSN STRAND SUB-STRAND LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING EXPERIENCES KEY INQUIRY QUESTIONS LEARNING RESOURCES ASSESSMENT METHODS REFLECTION
3 1
Entrepreneurship
Income and Budgeting - Sources of income
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term 'income'
- Identify various sources of income for an individual
- Appreciate the importance of multiple income streams
- Search for the meaning of income using digital devices or textbooks
- Study examples of individuals with different income sources
- Identify the sources of income for each individual
- Discuss the meaning of 'sources of income'
What are the different ways people can earn income?
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 137
- Charts showing sources of income
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing income-generating activities
- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment
4 1
Entrepreneurship
Income and Budgeting - Types of income sources
Income and Budgeting - Importance of budgeting
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Categorize different sources of income
- Explain various income types like salary, business, investment
- Show interest in understanding income sources
- Study a chart showing various sources of income
- Discuss the meaning of various income sources
- Categorize income sources as active or passive
- Present findings to classmates
How can income sources be categorized?
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 138
- Charts on income sources
- Digital devices
- Pictures
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 139
- Charts on importance of budgeting
- Case studies
- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written test
5 1
Entrepreneurship
Income and Budgeting - Ways of spending money wisely
Income and Budgeting - Preparing a simple budget
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of spending money wisely
- Explain the concept of needs versus wants
- Show responsibility in personal financial management
- Study a poster with tips on spending money wisely
- Discuss what they have learned from the tips
- Identify other ways of spending money wisely
- Create quotes on spending money wisely
How can we spend money wisely?
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 142
- Posters on wise spending
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 143
- Sample budget templates
- Calculators
- Question and answer - Creative writing assessment - Observation
6 1
Entrepreneurship
Income and Budgeting - Income allocation in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Budget tracking and adjustment
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze different categories of expenses in a budget
- Allocate income to different expense categories
- Show responsibility in financial allocation
- Study different categories of expenses (needs, wants, savings)
- Discuss appropriate percentage allocation for each category
- Practice allocating a given amount to different budget categories
- Share and justify allocation decisions
How should income be allocated in a budget?
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget allocation charts
- Calculators
- Sample budgets
- Budget tracking templates
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Practical assessment - Question and answer - Group presentation
7 1
Entrepreneurship
Income and Budgeting - Ethical practices in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Unethical practices in budgeting
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ethics and ethical practices
- Identify ethical practices in budgeting
- Value honesty and transparency in financial matters
- Discuss the meaning of ethics and ethical practices
- Read a case study about a community group making a budget
- Identify ethical practices that should be followed when budgeting
What are the ethical issues in income and budgeting?
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 144
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 145
- Internet connectivity
- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment
8 1
Entrepreneurship
Income and Budgeting - Financial planning
Income and Budgeting - Setting financial goals
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of financial planning
- Discuss the importance of financial planning in income management
- Value long-term financial thinking
- Read a story about financial planning
- Discuss how financial planning helped the character
- Identify the importance of financial planning
- Share examples of financial planning from their experiences
How does financial planning help in income management?
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 146
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Goal-setting templates
- Charts on SMART goals
- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment
9

half term

10 1
Entrepreneurship
Marketing Goods and Services - Importance of marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Elements of marketing
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define market and marketing
- Explain the importance of marketing to a business
- Appreciate the role of marketing in business success
- Discuss scenarios involving buying and selling
- Define the terms 'market' and 'marketing'
- Study pictures showing marketing activities
- Discuss the importance of marketing to a business
Why is marketing important?
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 147
- Pictures showing marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Marketing diagrams
- Pictures of marketing activities
- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment
11 1
Entrepreneurship
Marketing Goods and Services - Sources of market information
Marketing Goods and Services - Consumer behavior
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify sources of information about the market
- Analyze different ways to get market information
- Show interest in understanding market dynamics
- Read an article containing information about a market
- Identify potential customers from the article
- Discuss sources of information about markets
- Use digital devices to search for market information sources
Where can information about the market and its potential customers be sourced from?
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 150
- Newspaper articles
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Survey templates
- Charts on consumer behavior
- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment
12 1
Entrepreneurship
Marketing Goods and Services - Factors for market selection
Marketing Goods and Services - Tools for marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Suitable markets
Marketing Goods and Services - Ethics in marketing
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors considered when selecting a market
- Explain how these factors affect market selection
- Value informed decision-making in business
- Read a case study about a business owner selecting a market
- Explore the factors considered when selecting the market
- Discuss other factors to consider when choosing a market
- Write down findings and present them to classmates
How is the market of goods and services selected?
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 152
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 153
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on marketing tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 154
- Pictures of different products
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 155
- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

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