Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of visual programming
- Identify various application areas of visual programming
- Show interest in learning about visual programming

- Study pictures of mobile applications and discuss how they are used
- Discuss what visual programming is
- Use digital or print resources to search for information on application areas of visual programming
- Share findings with the class

What is visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 50
- Digital resources
- Pictures of applications
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain mobile programming as an application area of visual programming
- Identify different mobile applications and their uses
- Appreciate the role of mobile applications in day-to-day life

- Study digital devices showing different mobile applications
- Identify and name mobile applications shown
- Describe how one can use the applications to perform tasks
- Mention other mobile applications and what they are used for
- Discuss what mobile programming is

How are mobile applications used to perform tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 51
- Digital devices with mobile applications
- Charts showing mobile applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain mobile programming as an application area of visual programming
- Identify different mobile applications and their uses
- Appreciate the role of mobile applications in day-to-day life

- Study digital devices showing different mobile applications
- Identify and name mobile applications shown
- Describe how one can use the applications to perform tasks
- Mention other mobile applications and what they are used for
- Discuss what mobile programming is

How are mobile applications used to perform tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 51
- Digital devices with mobile applications
- Charts showing mobile applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain web development as an application area of visual programming
- Identify different websites and their uses
- Show interest in web development

- Study websites displayed in a browser
- Discuss what a website is
- Explain what WWW stands for
- Mention websites they have visited
- Discuss what web development is
- Share discussions with the class

What is web development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 52
- Digital devices with internet access
- Various websites
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain other application areas of visual programming (game development, educational tools, robotics)
- Identify examples of applications in each area
- Appreciate the diverse applications of visual programming

- Discuss game development as an application area of visual programming
- Explore educational tools created using visual programming
- Discuss robotics and animation as application areas of visual programming
- Share findings with the class

What are the various application areas of visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 52
- Digital resources
- Sample applications from different areas
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recall various visual programming software
- Download and install visual programming software
- Show interest in creating applications using visual programming

- Recall various visual programming software learned in previous grades
- Follow steps to download and install Scratch on a computer
- Explore the option of installing Scratch on smartphones and tablets
- Share experiences with the class

How is visual programming software installed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Digital devices with internet access
- Installation guidelines
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of the Scratch programming interface
- Navigate the Scratch programming environment
- Show commitment to learning visual programming

- Open the Scratch program interface
- Explore the different categories and commands in Scratch
- Test commands to see their effect on the sprite
- Change parameters in commands and observe the results
- Share findings with the class

What are the features of the Scratch programming interface?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Scratch interface guide
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of the Scratch programming interface
- Navigate the Scratch programming environment
- Show commitment to learning visual programming

- Open the Scratch program interface
- Explore the different categories and commands in Scratch
- Test commands to see their effect on the sprite
- Change parameters in commands and observe the results
- Share findings with the class

What are the features of the Scratch programming interface?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Scratch interface guide
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a simple game using visual programming
- Create a clicker game using Scratch
- Value the importance of planning before programming

- Create and play a fun game called "Clicker Game" using balloons in real life
- Follow steps to create a digital version of the clicker game using Scratch
- Choose a backdrop and sprite for the game
- Create a script to keep score and make the balloon move and change color
- Test and play the game
- Share the game with classmates

How are games created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 54
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Balloons and strings (for physical game)
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an interactive story using visual programming
- Create an interactive story using Scratch
- Appreciate the use of visual programming in storytelling

- Watch videos on how to develop a story using Scratch programming
- Follow steps to create an interactive story using Scratch
- Choose backdrop and characters for the story
- Create scripts for dialogue and character movements
- Test and run the story
- Share the story with classmates

How are interactive stories created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 58
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Video tutorials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a music application using visual programming
- Create a music application using Scratch
- Show interest in creating music applications

- Follow steps to create music using Scratch
- Choose appropriate sprites for musical instruments
- Create scripts to play sounds and music
- Combine different sounds to create a song
- Test and play the music
- Share the music with classmates

How is music created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 61
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Audio equipment for playback
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an interactive story with sound using visual programming
- Create an interactive story with sound using Scratch
- Value the integration of sound in storytelling

- Develop a story to tell classmates
- Open Scratch program and choose appropriate backdrop and characters
- Create scripts to tell the story
- Add sound effects and background music to enhance the story
- Test and run the story
- Share the story with classmates

How can sound be integrated into interactive stories?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 63
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Audio equipment for playback
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an animation using visual programming
- Create an animation using Scratch
- Show commitment to creating animations using visual programming

- Follow steps to develop animations using Scratch
- Choose appropriate backdrop and characters for animation
- Create scripts to animate characters
- Add movement and effects to create a seamless animation
- Test and run the animation
- Share the animation with classmates

How are animations created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 64
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Sample animations
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an animation using visual programming
- Create an animation using Scratch
- Show commitment to creating animations using visual programming

- Follow steps to develop animations using Scratch
- Choose appropriate backdrop and characters for animation
- Create scripts to animate characters
- Add movement and effects to create a seamless animation
- Test and run the animation
- Share the animation with classmates

How are animations created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 64
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Sample animations
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create individual animations using visual programming
- Apply animation principles in visual programming
- Appreciate the creativity involved in animation development

- Use Scratch to create and play individual animations
- Create a storyline for the animation
- Choose appropriate sprites and backdrops
- Create scripts to animate the characters
- Test and run the animation
- Share the animation with the teacher and class

What principles guide animation development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 65
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Animation principles guide
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Portfolio assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Follow tutorials to create animations
- Develop more complex animations using Scratch
- Show interest in advanced animation techniques

- Open the Scratch program and click the Tutorials button
- Select an animation project to create
- Follow the step-by-step guide to develop the animation
- Test and run the animation
- Share the animation with classmates

How can tutorials enhance animation development skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Scratch tutorials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Embracing the use of visual programming in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify problems that can be solved using visual programming
- Explain how visual programming helps in solving problems
- Appreciate the role of visual programming in solving day-to-day problems

- Read a scenario about a learner who used visual programming to solve a Mathematics problem
- Discuss how visual programming helped the learner
- Explore how visual programming can help in solving problems in day-to-day life
- Share findings with the class

How can visual programming help us solve problems in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Problem scenarios
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different holding tools used in a workplace
- Name holding tools found within the locality
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools in daily use

- Study holding tools shown in pictures
- Discuss why the tools are known as holding tools
- Mention where the tools can be found within the locality
- Draw and name the tools in exercise books

What are holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Visual aids
- Real holding tools
- Pictures of holding tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for performing given tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate holding tools for specific tasks
- Explain reasons for selecting specific holding tools
- Show interest in proper tool selection

- Study tasks requiring holding tools
- Select the most appropriate holding tool for each task
- Give reasons for selecting specific tools
- Discuss factors to consider when selecting holding tools

How do you decide which holding tool to use for a specific task?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
- Task scenarios
- Holding tools
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Tool selection assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe tasks performed using holding tools
- Explain uses of different holding tools
- Appreciate the importance of holding tools in task performance

- Study pictures of people using holding tools
- Describe tasks being carried out in each picture
- Name holding tools being used
- Create a table matching holding tools to their uses

How are different holding tools used in the workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures of holding tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 117
- Holding tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Table assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to care for holding tools
- Describe maintenance practices for holding tools
- Show responsibility in tool care and maintenance

- Study pictures showing care for holding tools
- Discuss how tools in the pictures have been taken care of
- Explain the importance of proper tool care
- Demonstrate maintenance practices for holding tools

Why is it important to care for and maintain holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Holding tools
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Demonstration assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of holding tools
- Describe how holding tools help in task performance
- Value the role of holding tools in daily activities

- Study a picture of a worker using a holding tool
- Discuss how the holding tool helps the worker
- Explain how holding tools ensure safety
- Describe the importance of holding tools in the community

How do holding tools make work easier and safer?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Pictures of workers using holding tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Word search puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Driving tools used in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for performing given tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify driving tools used in a workplace
- Explain why tools are classified as driving tools
- Show interest in learning about driving tools

- Study driving tools shown in pictures
- Identify and name the tools shown
- Discuss why the tools are known as driving tools
- Mention where the tools can be found in the community

What are driving tools and where are they used?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
- Pictures of driving tools
- Real driving tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
- Task scenarios
- Driving tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe tasks performed using driving tools
- Explain uses of different driving tools
- Value the importance of driving tools in task performance

- Study pictures of people using driving tools
- Describe what is happening in each picture
- Discuss the uses of different driving tools
- Mention tasks observed being performed using driving tools

How are different driving tools used in a workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Pictures of driving tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools
- Follow safety guidelines when using driving tools
- Show responsibility in using driving tools safely

- Search for information on safe use of driving tools
- Create a skit demonstrating safe use of driving tools
- Practice using driving tools while following safety guidelines
- Observe safety rules during demonstrations

What safety measures should be observed when using driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Driving tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources

- Observation - Demonstration - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools
- Follow safety guidelines when using driving tools
- Show responsibility in using driving tools safely

- Search for information on safe use of driving tools
- Create a skit demonstrating safe use of driving tools
- Practice using driving tools while following safety guidelines
- Observe safety rules during demonstrations

What safety measures should be observed when using driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Driving tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources

- Observation - Demonstration - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to care for driving tools
- Identify well-maintained vs. poorly maintained tools
- Value the importance of proper tool maintenance

- Study pictures showing care for driving tools
- Identify pictures showing tools that have been cared for
- Discuss how the driving tools have been cared for
- Explain the importance of tool care and maintenance

Why is it important to care for and maintain driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Driving tools
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture analysis

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Identify tasks that require driving tools
- Appreciate the role of driving tools in daily life

- Mention tasks that can be performed using driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Explain how driving tools make work easier
- Describe safety benefits of proper tool use

How do driving tools improve productivity and safety?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pictures of tasks using driving tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Identify tasks that require driving tools
- Appreciate the role of driving tools in daily life

- Mention tasks that can be performed using driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Explain how driving tools make work easier
- Describe safety benefits of proper tool use

How do driving tools improve productivity and safety?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pictures of tasks using driving tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems related to driving tools
- Complete a self-reflection on driving tools
- Show appreciation for the role of driving tools

- Complete a crossword puzzle on driving tools
- Solve problems related to selection and use of driving tools
- Complete a self-reflection form on driving tools learning

How can we apply what we've learned about driving tools in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
- Crossword puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pictures of financial institutions
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Crossword puzzle - Problem-solving assessment - Self-reflection

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of financial institutions
- Describe types of financial institutions
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions

- Use print or digital media to search for information on financial institutions
- Discuss types of financial institutions
- Present findings in class
- Create a chart showing types of financial institutions

What services do different financial institutions offer?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 161
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Charts

- Research notes - Oral presentation - Chart assessment

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Classification of financial institutions in Kenya
Financial Services - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify classifications of financial institutions
- Compare banking and non-banking institutions
- Value the diversity of financial institutions

- Study a presentation on classification of financial institutions
- Identify the classifications of financial institutions
- Brainstorm on each classification
- Create a comparison table for the classifications

How are financial institutions classified in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 162
- Presentation materials
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 164
- Reference materials
- Presentation tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Table assessment

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways government gets involved in business
- Explain reasons for government involvement
- Appreciate the role of government in business

- Study pictures showing government involvement in business
- Discuss ways government gets involved in business
- Brainstorm reasons for government involvement
- Present findings in class

Why does the government get involved in business activities?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 169
- Pictures showing government involvement
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business
Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze specific reasons for government involvement
- Give examples of each reason
- Value government's role in ensuring fairness

- Study flashcards showing reasons for government involvement
- Discuss each reason and give examples
- Write down the discussion in exercise books
- Present the findings in class

How does government involvement in business benefit citizens?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 170
- Flashcards
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 171
- Pictures of regulatory actions

- Discussion assessment - Written notes - Oral presentation

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business
Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe various ways of government involvement
- Explain the importance of each involvement method
- Appreciate government's role in business

- Use available resources to search for information on government involvement in business
- Describe ways government gets involved
- Present findings in class
- Create a chart showing ways of government involvement

What are the different ways the government gets involved in business?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 172
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 173
- Pictures of public facilities

- Research assessment - Oral presentation - Chart quality

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of taxes in Kenya
- Explain the purpose of each tax type
- Show responsibility towards tax compliance

- Use available resources to find information about tax types
- Discuss types of taxes (income tax, VAT, corporate tax, excise duty)
- Find out current rates of each tax type
- Present findings in class

What are the different types of taxes collected in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 175
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Charts

- Research assessment - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of taxes in Kenya
- Explain the purpose of each tax type
- Show responsibility towards tax compliance

- Use available resources to find information about tax types
- Discuss types of taxes (income tax, VAT, corporate tax, excise duty)
- Find out current rates of each tax type
- Present findings in class

What are the different types of taxes collected in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 175
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Charts

- Research assessment - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - e-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define e-Government services
- Identify e-Government services in business
- Appreciate the value of digital government services

- Analyze a case study on e-Government
- Define e-Government services
- Identify e-Government services for business
- Discuss benefits of e-Government services

How has e-Government improved business processes?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 176
- Case study
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written assignments