EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Electrical conductivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for electrical conductivities of substances.

Group experiments- to identify conductors and non-conductors.
Explain the difference in (non) conductivities.

Various solids, bulb, battery, & wires.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 118-119

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Allotropy.
Physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon
Burning carbon and oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define allotropes and allotropy.
Identify allotropes of carbon.
Represent diamond and graphite diagrammatically.

Describe reaction of carbon with oxygen.

Teacher exposes new terms.
Review covalent bond.
Discuss boding in diamond and graphite.

Teacher demonstration- Prepare oxygen and pass dry oxygen into a tube containing carbon. Heat the carbon. Observe effects on limewater.

text book
Charcoal, graphite.
Carbon, limewater, tube, limewater stand& Bunsen burner.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 131-133
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 134-135

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reduction properties of carbon.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reduction properties of carbon.
Show reduction properties of carbon.

Teacher demonstration ? Burn strongly a mixture of carbon and CuO on a bottle top.
Observe colour changes and give underlying explanation

CuO, pounded charcoal, Bunsen burner& bottle top

K.L.B. BOOK II P.126

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of carbon with acids. Preparation of CO2.
Properties of CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of carbon with acids.




Prepare CO2 in the lab.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of carbon with hot conc HNO3.
Write balanced equations for the reaction.

Review effects of heat on carbonates.
Group experiments/teacher demonstration- preparation of CO2.

Conc. HNO3, limewater.
Lime water,
Magnesium ribbon,
Universal indicator,
lit candle.

K.L.B. BOOK II P.126

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Chemical equations for reactions involving CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write balanced CO2.

Give examples of reactions. Write corresponding balanced chemical equations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.139-140

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of CO2.
Carbon monoxide lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of CO2

Discuss briefly the uses of CO2.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.140-1

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Chemical properties of carbon monoxide.
Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe chemical properties of carbon monoxide.

Description of properties of carbon monoxide.
Discussion and writing of chemical equations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 144-145

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Heating carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Extraction of sodium carbonate from trona.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write equations for reaction of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates on heating.
To draw schematic diagram for extraction of sodium carbonates.

Discuss the above observations.
Write corresponding balanced equations.
Discuss each step of the process.
Write relevant equations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.150-151
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 153-157

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Solvay process of preparing sodium carbonate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw schematic diagram for extraction of sodium carbonates.

Discuss each step of the process.

Write relevant equations.

text book, chart

K.L.B. BOOK II

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Importance of carbon in nature. & its effects on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss: - Importance of carbon in nature.
&
Effects of carbon on the environment.

Discuss the carbon cycle and processes that increase/ reduce amount of CO2 in the air.
Uses of CO2 in soft drinks and fire extinguishers.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.157-158

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State Boyle?s law.
Explain Boyle?s law using kinetic theory of matter.

Teacher demonstration ? Use syringes / pumps to show variation of volume with pressure.
Teacher asks probing questions leading to statement of the law.
Discuss the cause of build-up-in pressure.

Chart
Volume-pressure relationship.

Syringes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 1-2

Longhorn Book III
PP 1 -2

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: - Equation and graphical representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent Boyle?s law mathematically and graphically.

Q/A: relation between volume and pressure mathematically and graphically.
Derive the relation P1V1=P2V2, and sketch graphs to illustrate Boyle?s law.
Worked examples.
Assignment.

chart

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 3-4

Longhorn Book III
PP 3-5

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Numerical questions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve further problems involving Boyle?s law.

Supervised exercise: Volume in cm?, m?, litres, and pressure in Pa, mmHg, cmHg, atmospheres.
Assignment.

Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 4-5
Longhorn Book III PP 6-8

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Numerical questions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve further problems involving Boyle?s law.

Supervised exercise: Volume in cm?, m?, litres, and pressure in Pa, mmHg, cmHg, atmospheres.
Assignment.

Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 4-5
Longhorn Book III PP 6-8

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Interpretation of graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Plot and intepret graphs involving pressure and volume of gases.

Completing tables and plotting graphs.
Interpret the plotted graphs.
Make deductions from the graphs.

Graph papers.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 4-5

GAS LAWS

Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State Charles? law.
Explain Charles? law using kinetic theory of matter.

Teacher demonstration:- To show expansion of air when heated and contraction when pressure is constant.
Explain increase in volume when temperature is raised.
Q/A: - relation between volume and temperature, leading to Charles? law.

Coloured water,
Glass tube,
Warm water,
Cork and
Flask.

.K.L.B.
BK III P. 6

Longhorn Book III PP 9-11

GAS LAWS

Charles? law.
Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State Charles? law.
Explain Charles? law using kinetic theory of matter.
Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Kelvin and vice-versa.

Teacher demonstration:- To show expansion of air when heated and contraction when pressure is constant.
Explain increase in volume when temperature is raised.
Q/A: - relation between volume and temperature, leading to Charles? law.
Teacher explains inter-conversion of the units.
Students complete a table of temperature in the two units.

Coloured water,
Glass tube,
Warm water,
Cork and
Flask.
student book

.K.L.B.
BK III P. 6

Longhorn Book III PP 9-11

K.L.B.
BK III P. 10

Longhorn Book III P 11

GAS LAWS

Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Kelvin and vice-versa.

Teacher explains inter-conversion of the units.
Students complete a table of temperature in the two units.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 10

Longhorn Book III P 11

GAS LAWS

Charles? law- equation and graphical representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Express Charles? law with equations.

Give a graphical representation of Charles? law.

Derive equations from volume and temperature relationship.

Exposition: - Teacher exposes a volume-temperature graph and extrapolates it to obtain the absolute temperature. The definition of absolute temperature is exposed.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 6-7

Longhorn Book III P 10

GAS LAWS

Charles? law- equation and graphical representation.
Numerical questions on Charles? Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Express Charles? law with equations.

Give a graphical representation of Charles? law.
Solve numerical problems based on Charles? Law.

Derive equations from volume and temperature relationship.

Exposition: - Teacher exposes a volume-temperature graph and extrapolates it to obtain the absolute temperature. The definition of absolute temperature is exposed.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Assignment.

student book
Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 6-7

Longhorn Book III P 10

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 12-14

GAS LAWS

Combined Gas Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive the Gas Law.
Derive the combined gas law equation.
Solve numerical problems using the equation.

Q/A: - Combining Boyle?s and Charles? Laws.
Worked examples.

Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 14-16

GAS LAWS

Standard conditions, S.T.P. conditions and R.T.P. conditions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State standard conditions of temperature and pressure of an ideal gas.
State room temperature and pressure of a gas.
Use standard conditions in problem solving.

Exposition of s.t.p. and r.t.p.


Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 14

GAS LAWS

Standard conditions, S.T.P. conditions and R.T.P. conditions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State standard conditions of temperature and pressure of an ideal gas.
State room temperature and pressure of a gas.
Use standard conditions in problem solving.

Exposition of s.t.p. and r.t.p.


Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 14

GAS LAWS

Diffusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define diffusion.
Describe experiments to show diffusion.

Group experiments.
Diffusion of KMnO4 crystals, concentrated ammonia solution.

KMnO4 crystals,
Litmus papers.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 14-15

Longhorn Book III P 19

GAS LAWS

Rates of diffusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare rates of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride in air.

Teacher demonstration: - To deduce rate of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride.
Q/A: - Students calculate ratio of rates of diffusion of the gases.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 18-19
Longhorn Book III 21

GAS LAWS

Rates of diffusion.
Graham?s Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare rates of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride in air.
Carry out numerical tasks.

Teacher demonstration: - To deduce rate of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride.
Q/A: - Students calculate ratio of rates of diffusion of the gases.
Solve problems involving RMM, equal volumes of the gases involved.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.

student book
Calculators

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 18-19
Longhorn Book III 21

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 24-26

Longhorn Book III PP 22-24