Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Conditions necessary for photosynthesis (water)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the importance of water in photosynthesis
- Explain how lack of water affects photosynthesis
- Show interest in scientific discussions

- Discuss the role of water in photosynthesis
- Explain effects of water deficiency on plants
- Research role of water during photosynthesis

How does water affect photosynthesis?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 52
- Digital resources
- Textbooks

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Discussion

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis in nature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of photosynthesis in nature
- Discuss how photosynthesis impacts the environment
- Appreciate the significance of photosynthesis

- Discuss how photosynthesis provides oxygen
- Explain how photosynthesis provides food
- Discuss role in reducing carbon (IV) oxide

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 53
- Digital resources
- Charts on importance of photosynthesis

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Attempt questions on nutrition in plants
- Apply knowledge of photosynthesis to solve problems
- Show confidence in their understanding

- Answer assessment questions on photosynthesis
- Discuss solutions to questions
- Review key concepts

How does understanding photosynthesis help explain plant nutrition?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 54
- Assessment questions
- Previous notes

- Written test - Peer assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline different modes of nutrition in animals
- Differentiate between parasitic and saprophytic modes
- Show interest in modes of nutrition

- Search for information on modes of nutrition
- Discuss differences between modes of nutrition
- Identify examples of animals with different modes

How do different animals feed?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 58
- Reference textbooks
- Digital media

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of dentition in animals
- Differentiate between homodont and heterodont dentition
- Appreciate the diversity in animal dentition

- Study jaws with teeth of different animals
- Identify types of dentition
- Discuss the characteristics of each type

What determines the type of teeth an animal has?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 59
- Models of different dentition
- Charts showing animal dentition
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercises

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of teeth in mammals
- Describe the structure and function of each type
- Draw different types of teeth

- Observe skull of cow/goat or human model
- Study charts showing different types of teeth
- Draw and label different types of teeth

What are the different types of teeth and their functions?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 61
- Model of human skull
- Charts showing types of teeth

- Observation - Drawings - Oral questions - Written exercises

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Human digestive system
Nutrition in animals - Digestion in the mouth and stomach

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of the human digestive system
- Draw a well-labeled diagram of the digestive system
- Show interest in the human digestive system

- Describe digestion in the mouth and stomach
- Explain the role of enzymes in digestion
- Appreciate the process of digestion

- Study chart of human alimentary canal
- Identify parts of the digestive system
- Draw and label the digestive system
- Search for information on digestion
- Discuss mechanical and chemical digestion in mouth
- Explain digestion in the stomach

How is food digested in the human body?
How is food digested in the mouth and stomach?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 63
- Chart showing the human alimentary canal
- Model of human digestive system
- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 64
- Digital resources
- Charts showing digestion

- Observation - Drawings - Oral questions
- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Digestion in the mouth and stomach

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe digestion in the mouth and stomach
- Explain the role of enzymes in digestion
- Appreciate the process of digestion

- Search for information on digestion
- Discuss mechanical and chemical digestion in mouth
- Explain digestion in the stomach

How is food digested in the mouth and stomach?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 64
- Digital resources
- Charts showing digestion

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Digestion in small intestine

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe digestion in the duodenum and ileum
- Explain the role of the liver and pancreas in digestion
- Show interest in the digestive process

- Discuss the role of bile and pancreatic juice
- Explain digestion in duodenum and ileum
- List the end products of digestion

How is food digested in the small intestine?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 65
- Digital resources
- Charts showing digestion in small intestine

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Absorption and assimilation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe absorption of digested food
- Explain assimilation in the body
- Show interest in nutrient utilization

- Discuss absorption in the small intestine
- Explain the role of villi in absorption
- Describe assimilation in the body

How are digested food nutrients absorbed into the body?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 66
- Digital resources
- Charts showing absorption

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Egestion
Nutrition in animals - Importance of various modes of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of egestion
- Describe the fate of indigestible food substances
- Appreciate the role of egestion in nutrition

- Discuss the importance of various modes of nutrition
- Explain roles of various modes in the ecosystem
- Show interest in nutritional diversity

- Discuss the fate of undigested and indigestible food
- Explain how waste is processed in the colon
- Describe the importance of proper waste elimination
- Read and discuss information on nutrition modes
- Discuss importance of parasitic, symbiotic, and holozoic nutrition
- Present findings to class

What happens to indigestible food substances?
Why are different modes of nutrition important?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 67
- Science textbooks
- Digital resources
- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 68
- Science textbooks
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions
- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Attempt questions on nutrition in animals
- Apply knowledge to explain animal nutrition
- Show confidence in their understanding

- Answer assessment questions on animal nutrition
- Discuss solutions to questions
- Review key concepts

How does understanding animal nutrition help explain food processing?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 68
- Assessment questions
- Previous notes

- Written test - Peer assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Parts of a flower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe and identify parts of a flower
- Draw and label parts of a flower
- Appreciate the structure of a flower

- Observe different parts of a flower
- Use chart to identify flower parts
- Cut flower longitudinally to observe ovules
- Draw and label flower parts

What are the different parts of a flower?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 71
- Flower specimens
- Hand lens
- Chart showing flower parts

- Observation - Drawings - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Parts of a flower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe and identify parts of a flower
- Draw and label parts of a flower
- Appreciate the structure of a flower

- Observe different parts of a flower
- Use chart to identify flower parts
- Cut flower longitudinally to observe ovules
- Draw and label flower parts

What are the different parts of a flower?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 71
- Flower specimens
- Hand lens
- Chart showing flower parts

- Observation - Drawings - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Functions of flower parts
Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain functions of different flower parts
- Match flower parts with their functions
- Show interest in structure-function relationship

- Differentiate between self and cross-pollination
- Discuss characteristics of each type
- Appreciate the diversity in pollination

- Match each part with its correct function
- Discuss functions of flower parts
- Group parts based on their roles
- Study charts showing types of pollination
- Discuss differences between self and cross-pollination
- Identify examples of each type

What is the function of each flower part?
What are the different types of pollination?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 72
- Charts showing flower parts
- Flower specimens
- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 73
- Charts showing pollination
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Matching activities
- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to insect pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of flowers to insect pollination
- Explain how these adaptations aid pollination
- Show interest in plant-insect interactions

- Collect insect-pollinated flowers
- Observe and identify adaptations
- Dissect flowers to examine adaptations
- Draw and label insect-pollinated flowers

How are flowers adapted to insect pollination?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 74
- Insect-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens
- Charts

- Observation - Drawings - Oral questions - Written report

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to wind pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
- Explain how these adaptations aid pollination
- Compare wind and insect pollination adaptations

- Collect wind-pollinated flowers
- Observe and identify adaptations
- Draw and label wind-pollinated flowers
- Compare with insect-pollinated flowers

How are flowers adapted to wind pollination?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 75
- Wind-pollinated flowers (grass)
- Charts showing wind pollination
- Hand lens

- Observation - Drawings - Oral questions - Written report

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Effects of agrochemicals on pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Explain how this affects plant reproduction
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Discuss how pesticides affect pollinators
- Explore how this impacts food production
- Research effects of agrochemicals

How do agrochemicals affect pollination?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 76
- Science textbooks
- Magazines
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Effects of agrochemicals on pollination
Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Explain how this affects plant reproduction
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Describe fertilization in flowering plants
- Explain the process of pollen tube growth
- Appreciate the complexity of fertilization

- Discuss how pesticides affect pollinators
- Explore how this impacts food production
- Research effects of agrochemicals
- Read and discuss fertilization process
- Explain pollen tube growth and gamete fusion
- Describe steps from pollination to fertilization

How do agrochemicals affect pollination?
How does fertilization occur in flowering plants?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 76
- Science textbooks
- Magazines
- Digital resources
- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 77
- Charts showing fertilization
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations
- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Seed and fruit formation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe fruit formation in flowering plants
- Explain changes in flower parts after fertilization
- Show interest in seed and fruit development

- Use textbooks to research seed/fruit formation
- Study charts showing post-fertilization changes
- Discuss development of ovules into seeds and ovary into fruit

How are seeds and fruits formed?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 78
- Charts showing fruit development
- Fruit specimens
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Categorize fruits and seeds based on dispersal methods
- Identify adaptive features for dispersal
- Appreciate adaptations for survival

- Collect different fruits and seeds
- Identify adaptive features for dispersal
- Group fruits and seeds by dispersal method
- Study photographs of dispersal adaptations

How are fruits and seeds adapted for dispersal?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 80
- Various fruits and seeds
- Charts showing dispersal methods

- Observation - Classification activities - Oral questions - Written report

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Importance of fruit and seed dispersal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Explain benefits to plant survival
- Show interest in plant reproduction strategies

- Observe plants in locality
- Compare plants with seedlings near and far
- Discuss benefits of dispersal
- Relate dispersal to survival

Why is fruit and seed dispersal important?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 82
- Plants in school compound
- Pictures of seedling distribution

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the role of flowers in nature
- Explain ecological importance of flowers
- Appreciate the significance of flowers

- Read and discuss roles of flowers in nature
- Discuss flower roles in reproduction and ecology
- List benefits of flowers to humans and animals

What is the role of flowers in nature?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 83
- Digital resources
- Flower specimens

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature
Reproduction in plants - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the role of flowers in nature
- Explain ecological importance of flowers
- Appreciate the significance of flowers

- Attempt questions on reproduction in plants
- Apply knowledge to explain plant reproduction
- Show confidence in their understanding

- Read and discuss roles of flowers in nature
- Discuss flower roles in reproduction and ecology
- List benefits of flowers to humans and animals
- Answer assessment questions on plant reproduction
- Discuss solutions to questions
- Review key concepts

What is the role of flowers in nature?
How does understanding plant reproduction help explain biodiversity?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 83
- Digital resources
- Flower specimens
- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 84
- Assessment questions
- Previous notes

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations
- Written test - Peer assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Biotic components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify biotic components of the environment
- Observe interactions between living things
- Show interest in biotic interactions

- Observe living things in school compound
- Identify interactions between organisms
- List the names of different living things observed

What are the biotic components of the environment?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 91
- School compound
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercises

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Interrelationships between biotic components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify interrelationships between biotic components
- Discuss competition, predation and parasitism
- Appreciate the complexity of interrelationships

- Study scenarios showing different interactions
- Identify types of interactions in photographs
- Discuss effects of interactions on organisms

How do living things interact with one another?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 92
- English dictionary
- Digital resources
- Photographs of interactions

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Effects of biotic factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of biotic factors on organisms
- Discuss parasitism, competition, predation and symbiosis
- Show interest in ecological relationships

- Read and discuss effects of biotic factors
- Explain how different relationships affect organisms
- Present findings to class

How do biotic factors affect living organisms?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 94
- Science textbooks
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Abiotic components
The interdependence of life - Energy flow (Food chains)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify abiotic components of the environment
- Discuss effects of abiotic factors on living things
- Appreciate the role of abiotic factors

- Construct simple food chains
- Identify trophic levels in a food chain
- Show interest in energy flow in ecosystems

- Discuss effects of temperature, light, pH and minerals
- Study photographs of plants in different environments
- Compare plant growth under different conditions
- Take a nature walk to identify organisms
- Arrange organisms based on feeding relationships
- Show energy flow using arrows
- Identify trophic levels

How do non-living factors affect living organisms?
How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 96
- Digital resources
- Photographs of plants in different environments
- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 99
- School neighborhood
- Charts showing food chains

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions
- Observation - Drawings - Written exercises - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Energy flow (Food chains)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct simple food chains
- Identify trophic levels in a food chain
- Show interest in energy flow in ecosystems

- Take a nature walk to identify organisms
- Arrange organisms based on feeding relationships
- Show energy flow using arrows
- Identify trophic levels

How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 99
- School neighborhood
- Charts showing food chains

- Observation - Drawings - Written exercises - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Energy flow (Food webs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct simple food webs
- Link food chains to form a food web
- Appreciate the complexity of energy flow

- Read story about feeding relationships
- Identify organisms at different trophic levels
- Construct multiple food chains
- Link food chains to form a web

How are food chains interconnected in an ecosystem?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 100
- Charts showing food webs
- Digital resources

- Drawings - Written exercises - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Role of decomposers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the role of decomposers in an ecosystem
- Explain how decomposers clean up the ecosystem
- Show interest in decomposition

- Study pictures of decomposition
- Identify organisms growing on a tree stump
- Discuss the role of decomposers
- Explain importance of decomposition

What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 102
- Pictures of decomposition
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Recycling nutrients
The interdependence of life - Effects of human activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss importance of decomposers in recycling nutrients
- Explain how nutrients are recycled
- Appreciate the role of recycling in ecosystems

- Identify human activities that affect the environment
- Discuss positive and negative effects of activities
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Study nutrient recycling cycles
- Identify producers, consumers and decomposers
- Explain how nutrients return to the soil
- Discuss role of decomposers in element cycles
- Study charts showing human activities
- Identify activities in photographs
- List human activities affecting environment
- Categorize activities as positive or negative

How do decomposers help in recycling nutrients?
How do human activities affect the environment?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 102
- Chart showing nutrient recycling
- Science textbooks
- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 103
- Charts showing human activities
- Photographs
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations
- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Effects of human activities on environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe effects of human activities on environment
- Explain impact of deforestation, hunting, and pollution
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Brainstorm effects of human activities
- Research information on environmental impact
- Present findings to class
- Discuss solutions to environmental problems

How do human activities impact biodiversity?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 104
- Digital resources
- Science textbooks
- Journals

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Importance of interdependence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss importance of interdependence
- Explain benefits of living and non-living interactions
- Appreciate the significance of interdependence

- Read conversation about interdependence
- Identify importance of living and non-living interactions
- Discuss benefits of interdependence
- Present findings to class

Why is the interdependence between living and non-living components important?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 105
- Digital resources
- Science textbooks

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Importance of interdependence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss importance of interdependence
- Explain benefits of living and non-living interactions
- Appreciate the significance of interdependence

- Read conversation about interdependence
- Identify importance of living and non-living interactions
- Discuss benefits of interdependence
- Present findings to class

Why is the interdependence between living and non-living components important?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 105
- Digital resources
- Science textbooks

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Attempt questions on interdependence of life
- Apply knowledge to explain environmental interactions
- Show confidence in their understanding

- Answer assessment questions on interdependence
- Discuss solutions to questions
- Review key concepts

How does understanding interdependence help explain ecosystem stability?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 107
- Assessment questions
- Previous notes

- Written test - Peer assessment - Oral questions