Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Types and structure of teeth
Nutrition in animals - Functions of different teeth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of teeth
- Describe the structure of teeth
- Appreciate the relationship between structure and function in teeth

- Examine models or specimens of different teeth types
- Draw and label external and internal structure of teeth
- Discuss functions of different teeth parts

How are teeth adapted to their functions?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 82)
- Models of teeth
- Digital resources
- Charts of teeth
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 83)
- Charts

- Drawings - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Classification based on dentition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify animals based on their dentition
- Determine dental formula of different animals
- Show interest in dentition patterns

- Study specimens or models of jaws of different animals
- Count teeth in upper and lower jaws
- Determine dental formula of different animals

How are animals classified based on their dentition?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 84)
- Specimens or models of animal jaws
- Digital resources

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Practical skills

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
Nutrition in animals - Digestive system in humans
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify dentition of herbivores, carnivores and omnivores
- Explain adaptations of teeth to different feeding habits
- Show interest in relationship between dentition and diet

- Explain the process of digestion along the alimentary canal
- Describe the role of digestive juices and enzymes
- Show interest in the digestive process

- Study jaws of herbivores, carnivores and omnivores
- Identify adaptations of teeth to feeding habits
- Discuss dental formula of different animal groups
- Search for information on digestion in the alimentary canal
- Discuss digestion in the mouth, stomach, duodenum and ileum
- Watch animations on the digestive process

How does dentition reflect the feeding habits of animals?
How does the process of digestion occur?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 85)
- Models or specimens of animal jaws
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 86)
- Charts of digestive system
- Models
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 87)
- Digital resources
- Charts of digestive process

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Practical skills
- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Absorption and assimilation
Reproduction in plants - Functions of parts of a flower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the process of absorption in the ileum
- Explain the process of assimilation of nutrients
- Appreciate the efficiency of the digestive system

- Discuss adaptations of the ileum to absorption
- Draw and label the structure of a villus
- Discuss fate of absorbed food substances

How are digested food substances absorbed and utilized?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 88)
- Charts of villi structure
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 86)
- Fresh flowers
- Hand lens
- Charts of flower structure

- Written assessment - Drawings - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define pollination
- Differentiate between self and cross-pollination
- Appreciate the importance of pollination

- Discuss the meaning of pollination
- Distinguish between self and cross-pollination
- Illustrate different types of pollination

What is pollination and why is it important?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 87)
- Digital resources
- Charts on pollination

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to insect pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of insect-pollinated flowers
- Explain adaptations of flowers to insect pollination
- Show interest in flower adaptations

- Examine an insect-pollinated flower
- Record color, scent, size of flower
- Discuss adaptations to insect pollination

How are flowers adapted to insect pollination?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 88)
- Insect-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens
- Charts

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to wind pollination
Reproduction in plants - Field observation of pollination
Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of wind-pollinated flowers
- Explain adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
- Compare wind and insect pollination

- Describe structures containing male and female gametes
- Explain the process of fertilization in flowering plants
- Appreciate sexual reproduction in plants

- Examine a wind-pollinated flower
- Record structural features
- Discuss adaptations to wind pollination
- Search for information on fertilization in plants
- Study diagrams of pollen grains and embryo sacs
- Discuss pollen tube growth and fertilization

How are flowers adapted to wind pollination?
How does fertilization occur in flowering plants?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 94)
- Wind-pollinated flowers (grass/maize)
- Hand lens
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 95)
- Flowers in school compound
- Camera/smartphone
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 96)
- Digital resources
- Charts on plant fertilization

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions
- Written assessment - Oral questions - Drawings

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Double fertilization
Reproduction in plants - Fruit formation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of double fertilization
- Describe formation of zygote and endosperm
- Appreciate the uniqueness of flowering plant reproduction

- Search for animations on double fertilization
- Discuss the fusion of nuclei in the embryo sac
- Make a model of double fertilization

What happens during double fertilization?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 97)
- Digital resources
- Charts on double fertilization
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 98)
- Various fruits
- Charts

- Model making - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Types of fruits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify fruits based on structure
- Differentiate between succulent and dry fruits
- Show interest in fruit diversity

- Collect various fruits and seeds
- Group fruits into dry and succulent types
- Observe internal features of different fruits

How are fruits classified?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 99)
- Various fruits
- Knife/scalpel
- Specimen dishes

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Classification charts

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal
Reproduction in plants - Animals as dispersal agents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe different methods of dispersal
- Appreciate adaptations for dispersal

- Collect fruits and seeds from different plants
- Observe external features
- Group fruits according to dispersal methods

How are fruits and seeds dispersed?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 102)
- Various fruits and seeds
- Hand lens
- Specimen dishes
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 106)
- Fruits with hooks (black jack)
- Succulent fruits

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Water as a dispersal agent
Reproduction in plants - Wind as a dispersal agent
Reproduction in plants - Self-dispersal mechanism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify fruits dispersed by water
- Explain adaptations for water dispersal
- Appreciate plant-environment interactions

- Identify fruits dispersed by wind
- Explain adaptations for wind dispersal
- Show interest in dispersal mechanisms

- Observe fruits adapted for water dispersal
- Identify buoyancy adaptations
- Discuss features of water-dispersed fruits
- Observe fruits adapted for wind dispersal
- Identify wings, hair, feathery structures
- Discuss censor mechanism and other adaptations

How are fruits adapted for dispersal by water?
How are fruits adapted for dispersal by wind?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 107)
- Coconut fruit if available
- Pictures of water-dispersed fruits
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 108)
- Wind-dispersed fruits/seeds
- Hand lens
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 109)
- Pods of legumes
- Castor oil fruits if available

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation
- Practical skills - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Importance of dispersal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe benefits of dispersal for plant survival
- Appreciate ecological significance of dispersal

- Search for information on importance of dispersal
- Discuss colonization of new areas
- Discuss reduced competition through dispersal

Why is fruit and seed dispersal important?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 110)
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Effect of agrochemicals
Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Discuss impact on plant reproduction
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Search for information on agrochemicals
- Discuss categories of agrochemicals
- Analyze effects on pollinators and plant reproduction

How do agrochemicals affect pollination and reproduction in plants?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 111)
- Digital resources
- Charts on agrochemicals
- Reference books

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Components of the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ecosystem, ecology and environment
- Identify biotic and abiotic components
- Show interest in interactions in ecosystems

- Study diagrams of ecosystems
- Identify living and non-living components
- Discuss relationships between organisms

What is an ecosystem?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 115)
- Digital resources
- Charts of ecosystems

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Competition
The interdependence of life - Predation
The interdependence of life - Parasitism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define intraspecific and interspecific competition
- Explain effects of competition on organisms
- Show interest in competitive interactions

- Define parasitism, parasite and host
- Explain effects of parasites on hosts
- Show interest in parasite-host relationships

- Search for information on competition in ecosystems
- Discuss effects on number and distribution of organisms
- Analyze examples of competition
- Search for information on parasitism
- Discuss types of parasites affecting humans and animals
- Analyze effect on distribution of organisms

How does competition affect organisms in an ecosystem?
How do parasites affect their hosts?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 116)
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 117)
- Videos on predation
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 119)
- Digital resources
- Charts on parasitism

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Symbiosis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define symbiosis
- Describe examples of symbiotic relationships
- Appreciate mutual benefits in symbiosis

- Search for information on symbiotic relationships
- Discuss root nodules, lichens, and ox-pecker relationships
- Analyze benefits to each partner

How do organisms benefit from symbiotic relationships?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 120)
- Digital resources
- Charts on symbiosis

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Saprophytism
The interdependence of life - Temperature effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define saprophytism
- Explain the role of saprophytes in ecosystems
- Appreciate decomposers in nutrient cycling

- Search for information on saprophytes
- Discuss bread molds, mushrooms and other decomposers
- Analyze effects on nutrient cycling

How do saprophytes contribute to ecosystem functioning?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 121)
- Digital resources
- Photographs of fungi
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 122)
- Thermometers
- Water in basin

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Light effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light affects organisms
- Describe importance of light intensity, quality and duration
- Show interest in light as an ecological factor

- Discuss aspects of light affecting organisms
- Explain how light affects plants and animals
- Discuss measurement of light in ecosystems

How does light affect organisms in an ecosystem?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 123)
- Digital resources
- Light meter if available
- Secchi disc

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Atmospheric pressure
The interdependence of life - Humidity effects
The interdependence of life - Wind effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define atmospheric pressure
- Explain effects of atmospheric pressure on organisms
- Show interest in pressure as an ecological factor

- Define wind and explain how it is measured
- Describe effects of wind on organisms
- Show interest in wind as an ecological factor

- Discuss meaning of atmospheric pressure
- Explain how pressure changes with altitude
- Analyze effects on organisms
- Discuss meaning of wind and wind parameters
- Explain effects of wind on plants and animals
- Construct simple wind measuring instruments

How does atmospheric pressure affect organisms?
How does wind affect living organisms?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 124)
- Digital resources
- Barometer if available
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 125)
- Cobalt(II) chloride paper
- Forceps
- Stopwatch
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 126)
- Digital resources
- Materials for windsock/wind vane

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions
- Practical skills - Written assessment - Group work

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - pH and salinity
The interdependence of life - Energy flow

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define pH and salinity
- Measure pH of soil and water samples
- Explain effects of pH and salinity on organisms

- Test pH of water samples
- Test pH of soil samples
- Discuss effects on organisms

How do pH and salinity affect living organisms?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 127)
- Universal indicator paper
- Soil and water samples
- Test tubes
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 128)
- Digital resources
- Charts on energy flow

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Food chains

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define food chain
- Construct simple food chains
- Show interest in feeding relationships

- Observe feeding habits of organisms
- Record what each organism feeds on
- Construct food chains based on observations

What is a food chain?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 129)
- Digital resources
- Charts on food chains

- Written assessment - Food chain construction - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Food webs
The interdependence of life - National Parks ecosystem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define food web
- Construct food webs from food chains
- Appreciate complexity of feeding relationships

- Observe feeding habits of organisms
- Construct multiple food chains
- Combine food chains into food webs

How do food chains interact to form food webs?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 130)
- Digital resources
- Charts on food webs
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 131)
- Reference books on National Parks

- Food web construction - Written assessment - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment
Living Things and Their Environment
Force and Energy

The interdependence of life - Decomposers
The interdependence of life - Human activities
Curved mirrors - Types of curved mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the role of decomposers in ecosystems
- Explain nutrient cycling
- Appreciate the importance of decomposers

- Describe effects of human activities on ecosystems
- Explain habitat change, conservation, and species introduction
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Visit a compost site to observe decomposition
- Discuss the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling
- Analyze nitrogen, carbon and sulphur cycles
- Search for information on human impacts
- Discuss habitat change, poaching, and introduced species
- Analyze conservation methods

What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
How do human activities affect the environment?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 132)
- Digital resources
- School compost site
- Hand lens
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 133)
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 147
- Car driving mirrors
- Car headlight reflectors
- Laboratory curved mirrors
- Digital content on curved mirrors

- Written assessment - Practical skills - Group discussions
- Written assessment - Group presentations - Debates

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Types of curved mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between concave and convex mirrors
- Compare parabolic reflectors with other curved mirrors
- Show interest in different types of reflectors

- Examine the curving of different mirrors
- Identify the reflecting surfaces of different mirrors
- Draw diagrams to illustrate different curved mirror surfaces

How do different curved mirrors differ in structure?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 147
- Laboratory curved mirrors
- Digital resources
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Images formed by concave and convex mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define terms used in curved mirrors
- Identify parts of curved mirrors
- Show interest in terminology used in optics

- Study diagrams illustrating parts of curved mirrors
- Search the Internet and relevant print materials for meanings of optical terms
- Discuss terms used in curved mirrors

What are the key terms used in describing curved mirrors?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 148
- Internet resources
- Digital devices
- Geometrical sets
- Curved mirrors
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 149
- Diagrams of curved mirrors
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Images formed by concave and convex mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the principal axis of curved mirrors
- Explain the principal focus and focal plane
- Show interest in optical features

- Draw the principal axis for concave and convex mirrors
- Locate the principal focus on mirror diagrams
- Discuss the focal plane and its significance

How does the principal focus relate to image formation?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 150
- Diagrams of curved mirrors
- Geometrical sets
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Focal length
Curved mirrors - Position of image formed by concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Position of image formed by convex mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define focal length of curved mirrors
- Determine focal length experimentally
- Show interest in measuring optical parameters

- Locate images formed by convex mirrors
- Describe image characteristics for convex mirrors
- Compare images formed by concave and convex mirrors

- Define focal length
- Set up an experiment to determine focal length
- Measure and record focal length values
- Observe images formed by convex mirrors
- Record image characteristics
- Compare with images formed by concave mirrors

How can we determine the focal length of a curved mirror?
How do images formed by convex mirrors differ from those formed by concave mirrors?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 152
- Concave mirrors
- Meter rule
- White screen
- Mirror holder
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 153
- Mirror holders
- Meter rules
- Screens
- Candles
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 154
- Convex mirrors
- Mirror holders
- Objects
- Meter rules

- Observation - Practical skills assessment - Written reports
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Rays commonly used for ray diagram construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify rays used in ray diagram construction
- Explain how different rays are reflected
- Show interest in ray diagram construction

- Search the Internet for information on ray behavior
- Sketch ray diagrams showing reflection of different rays
- Discuss with peers and display sketches

Which rays are most useful for locating images in ray diagrams?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 155
- Internet resources
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Rays commonly used for ray diagram construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how rays parallel to the principal axis are reflected
- Describe the reflection of rays passing through focal points
- Show interest in ray behavior

- Draw ray diagrams showing reflection patterns
- Discuss how different rays behave after reflection
- Create summary charts of ray behavior

How does understanding ray behavior help in locating images?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 156
- Drawing materials
- Manila paper
- Ruler and protractor
- Reference materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 157

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Rays commonly used for ray diagram construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct ray diagrams for convex mirrors
- Locate images using ray diagrams
- Compare ray diagrams for concave and convex mirrors

- Draw ray diagrams for convex mirrors
- Use ray diagrams to locate images
- Compare with concave mirror ray diagrams

How do ray diagrams for convex mirrors differ from those for concave mirrors?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 159
- Manila paper
- Drawing materials
- Ruler and protractor
- Reference materials

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Uses of concave mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain applications of concave mirrors
- Relate object positions to specific applications
- Show interest in practical applications

- Explain the use of concave mirrors in astronomy
- Describe applications in dental examination
- Show interest in specialized applications

- Search for information on applications of concave mirrors
- Relate applications to image characteristics
- Present findings to class
- Discuss the principle of reflection telescopes
- Explain how dental mirrors provide magnified images
- Research other specialized applications

What makes concave mirrors suitable for specific applications?
How do concave mirrors contribute to professional fields?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 161
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts of ray diagrams
- Digital resources
- Torch with reflector
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 162
- Digital resources
- Internet connectivity
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Uses of convex mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain applications of convex mirrors
- Describe security and safety uses
- Show interest in practical applications

- Discuss the use of convex mirrors for surveillance
- Explain their applications in security systems
- Research use at road junctions and corners

How do convex mirrors enhance security and safety?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 163
- Digital resources
- Internet connectivity
- Reference materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 164

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about curved mirrors
- Apply knowledge to solve problems
- Show confidence in understanding curved mirrors

- Review main concepts in curved mirrors
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems

How does understanding curved mirrors help us in daily life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 166
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference materials

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Waves - Generation of waves
Waves - Classification of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define waves in scientific terms
- Describe how waves are generated
- Show interest in wave phenomena

- Observe waves created in water
- Generate sound waves using a drum/speaker
- Discuss energy transfer through waves

What are waves and how are they generated?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 170
- Water in a basin
- Drum
- Speaker connected to radio
- Small stones
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 172
- Slinky spring
- Rope
- Smooth surface
- Rigid support

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Classification of waves
Waves - Characteristics of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Generate transverse waves
- Describe characteristics of transverse waves
- Compare longitudinal and transverse waves

- Identify parts of a wave
- Measure the amplitude of a wave
- Show interest in wave properties

- Use a slinky spring to generate transverse waves
- Observe particle displacement direction
- Create comparison charts
- Generate waves with a slinky spring
- Identify and measure amplitude
- Draw wave patterns

How do transverse waves differ from longitudinal waves?
What are the key components that define a wave?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 173
- Slinky spring
- Rope
- Smooth surface
- Rigid support
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 175
- Slinky spring
- Meter rule
- Chalk
- Drawing materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 177

- Observation - Practical skills assessment - Written assignments
- Observation - Measurement skills assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Frequency and periodic time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define frequency and periodic time
- Measure periodic time
- Calculate frequency from periodic time

- Demonstrate frequency and periodic time
- Measure time for complete oscillations
- Calculate frequency from measurements

What is the relationship between frequency and periodic time?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 180
- Slinky spring
- Meter rule
- Stopwatch
- Chalk

- Observation - Calculation skills assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Frequency and periodic time
Waves - Speed of a wave

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems involving frequency and periodic time
- Draw displacement-time graphs
- Show interest in wave calculations

- Practice solving problems with frequency and period
- Draw and interpret wave graphs
- Discuss the significance of frequency in real applications

How does frequency affect wave behavior and applications?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 181
- Calculators
- Graph paper
- Reference materials
- Problem sets
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 183

- Observation - Problem-solving assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Speed of a wave

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve complex problems using wave equation
- Explain the relationship between wavelength and frequency
- Apply wave concepts to real situations

- Work through more complex wave problems
- Discuss how the wave equation applies in real scenarios
- Create a concept map of wave relationships

How does changing one wave parameter affect others?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 184
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Problem sets
- Chart paper

- Observation - Problem-solving assessment - Concept map evaluation

Force and Energy

Waves - Properties of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate reflection of waves
- Explain how waves are reflected
- Show interest in wave properties

- Demonstrate refraction of waves
- Explain how waves are refracted
- Show interest in wave behavior

- Set up a ripple tank to demonstrate wave reflection
- Observe reflection patterns from different surfaces
- Compare with reflection of light
- Set up a ripple tank with regions of different depths
- Observe changes in wave speed and wavelength
- Discuss the principle of refraction

How do waves behave when they encounter boundaries?
What happens to waves when they pass from one medium to another?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 186
- Ripple tank
- Straight edge
- Metal reflectors
- Water
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 187
- Ripple tank
- Glass block
- Water
- Wave generator
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 188
- Metal barriers

- Observation - Practical skills assessment - Written reports

Force and Energy

Waves - Remote sensing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define remote sensing
- Explain the principles of remote sensing
- Show interest in remote sensing applications

- Study photographs of environments
- Discuss the source of energy in photography
- Research remote sensing processes

What is remote sensing and how does it work?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 189
- Digital resources
- Photographs
- Internet connectivity

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Remote sensing
Waves - Applications of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the components of remote sensing
- Describe the remote sensing process
- Show interest in remote sensing technology

- Discuss sources of waves in remote sensing
- Explain interaction between waves and targets
- Create diagrams of remote sensing processes

What are the requirements for remote sensing to take place?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 190
- Digital resources
- Internet connectivity
- Drawing materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 191
- Presentation materials

- Observation - Diagram assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Applications of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of waves in surgery
- Describe applications in cancer therapy
- Show interest in medical treatments

- Research laser surgery applications
- Discuss radiation therapy for cancer
- Create information posters

How have waves revolutionized medical treatments?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 192
- Digital resources
- Internet connectivity
- Poster materials

- Observation - Poster assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Applications of waves
Waves - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe communication applications of waves
- Explain principles of wireless communication
- Show interest in telecommunications

- Summarize key concepts about waves
- Apply knowledge to solve wave problems
- Show confidence in understanding waves

- Research applications in radio, television, and mobile phones
- Discuss radar and satellite communications
- Create charts showing different communication systems
- Review main wave concepts
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems

How have waves transformed communication systems?
How does understanding waves help us explain natural phenomena?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 193
- Digital resources
- Internet connectivity
- Chart materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 194
- Table templates
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 195
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference materials

- Observation - Chart assessment - Written assignments
- Written test - Observation - Oral questions