Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - External structure of the leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the external parts of a leaf
- Draw and label external parts of a leaf
- Show interest in exploring plant structures

- Observe pictures showing external structure of a leaf
- Identify external parts of the leaf from the pictures
- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 49)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts
Nutrition in plants - Observing leaf structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of external leaf parts
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Appreciate the diversity of leaf structures

- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Share findings with classmates

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 50)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves
- Hand lens
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Leaf adaptations for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of the leaf
Nutrition in plants - Leaf tissues for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Internal adaptations for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Structure of chloroplast
Nutrition in plants - Chloroplast adaptations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Relate leaf adaptations to their functions
- Show interest in understanding plant adaptations

- Describe how internal leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Relate specific adaptations to photosynthetic functions
- Show interest in plant adaptations

- Discuss how external leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Search for information about leaf adaptations from digital devices or print resources
- Make summary notes on leaf adaptations
- Discuss how internal leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Search for information about internal leaf adaptations
- Make summary notes on internal leaf adaptations

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 51)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing leaf adaptations
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 52)
- Charts showing internal structure of leaf
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 53)
- Charts showing internal leaf tissues
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 54)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing internal leaf adaptations
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 55)
- Charts showing structure of chloroplast
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 56)
- Photomicrographs of chloroplasts
- Charts showing chloroplast structure

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Conditions for photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of photosynthesis
- Identify raw materials and products of photosynthesis
- Show interest in understanding photosynthesis

- Discuss conditions and raw materials necessary for photosynthesis
- Identify products of photosynthesis
- Search for information on the process of photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 57)
- Charts showing photosynthesis process
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 58)
- Charts showing conditions for photosynthesis

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Stages of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch
Nutrition in plants - Light and photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the light and dark stages of photosynthesis
- Explain where each stage occurs in the chloroplast
- Show curiosity in understanding photosynthetic stages

- Study a chart showing stages of photosynthesis
- Discuss the light and dark stages of photosynthesis
- Explain the products of each stage of photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 59)
- Charts showing stages of photosynthesis
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 60)
- Apparatus for testing starch in leaves
- Chemicals (iodine solution)
- Fresh leaves
- Heat source
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 61)
- Potted plants
- Aluminum foil/carbon paper
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Carbon (IV) oxide and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Chlorophyll and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Environmental impact of photosynthesis
Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition in animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate whether carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis
- Control variables in an experiment
- Practice safety measures when conducting experiments

- Explain the importance of photosynthesis in nature
- Relate photosynthesis to food production and oxygen release
- Appreciate the significance of photosynthesis

- Design an experiment to investigate the effect of carbon (IV) oxide on photosynthesis
- Set up the experiment with appropriate controls
- Record and analyze results
- Draw conclusions from the experiment
- Search for information on importance of photosynthesis
- Discuss how photosynthesis benefits plants, animals and the environment
- Make summary notes on importance of photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 62)
- Potted plants
- Conical flasks with corks
- Potassium hydroxide solution
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 63)
- Variegated leaves
- Chemicals
- Heat source
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 64)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing importance of photosynthesis
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 65)
- Charts showing carbon cycle
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 73)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animals with different feeding habits

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports
- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Parasitic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Saprophytic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Symbiotic mode of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain parasitic mode of nutrition
- Identify animals that exhibit parasitic mode of nutrition
- Appreciate the role of parasites in the ecosystem

- Observe pictures of parasitic animals
- Discuss the characteristics of parasitic animals
- Research on examples of parasitic animals
- Create presentations on parasitic animals

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 74)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of parasitic animals
- Pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 75)
- Pictures of symbiotic relationships

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Holozoic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (structure)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain holozoic mode of nutrition
- Identify animals that exhibit holozoic mode of nutrition
- Show interest in exploring holozoic nutrition

- Observe pictures of animals with holozoic feeding
- Discuss the steps involved in holozoic nutrition
- Research on examples of animals with holozoic nutrition
- Create presentations on holozoic feeding

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 75)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animals with holozoic feeding
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 76)
- Dental models or charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (functions)
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in animals (homodont and heterodont)
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in carnivores
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in herbivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of different types of teeth
- Relate the structure of teeth to their functions
- Show interest in understanding tooth function

- Describe the dentition of herbivores
- Identify adaptations of herbivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding herbivore dentition

- Discuss the functions of different types of teeth
- Using models, demonstrate how different teeth perform their functions
- Make presentations on the relationship between structure and function of teeth
- Observe pictures/models of herbivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of herbivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of herbivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on herbivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 77)
- Dental models or charts
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 78)
- Pictures of animal teeth
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 79)
- Pictures/models of carnivore teeth
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 80)
- Pictures/models of herbivore teeth
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in omnivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dentition of omnivores
- Identify adaptations of omnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding omnivore dentition

- Observe pictures/models of omnivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of omnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of omnivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on omnivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 81)
- Pictures/models of omnivore teeth
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (ingestion)
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (digestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of ingestion in human beings
- Describe the role of teeth and salivary glands in ingestion
- Appreciate the complexity of the digestive process

- Discuss the process of ingestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in ingestion
- Demonstrate the role of teeth and saliva in ingestion
- Research on the process of ingestion

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 82)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 83)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Demonstrations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (absorption)
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (assimilation)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of absorption in human beings
- Identify structures involved in absorption and their adaptations
- Appreciate the efficiency of the absorption process

- Explain the process of assimilation in human beings
- Describe how absorbed nutrients are utilized in the body
- Value the importance of proper nutrition for body functions

- Discuss the process of absorption in the small intestine
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in absorption
- Research on the adaptations of the small intestine for absorption
- Present findings to the class
- Discuss the process of assimilation
- Research on how different nutrients are used in the body
- Create presentations on the process of assimilation
- Discuss the importance of proper nutrition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 83)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts of the circulatory system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (egestion)
Reproduction in plants - Parts of a flower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of egestion in human beings
- Identify structures involved in egestion and their functions
- Appreciate the importance of proper waste elimination

- Discuss the process of egestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in egestion
- Research on the importance of fiber in egestion
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts/models of the large intestine
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 86)
- Fresh flowers
- Hand lens
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Functions of parts of a flower
Reproduction in plants - Meaning of pollination
Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (self-pollination)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline the functions of different parts of a flower
- Relate the structure of flower parts to their functions
- Show interest in understanding flower parts

- Discuss in groups the functions of different parts of a flower
- Use models/charts to explain how the structure of flower parts relates to their functions
- Create presentations on flower parts and their functions

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 87)
- Flower models or charts
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 88)
- Videos on pollination
- Charts showing pollination
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 89)
- Charts showing self-pollination

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (cross-pollination)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (insects)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (birds, other animals)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (wind, water)
Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to insect pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain cross-pollination
- Identify plants that undergo cross-pollination
- Appreciate the advantages of cross-pollination

- Identify wind and water as agents of pollination
- Explain how wind and water aid in pollination
- Show interest in various pollination mechanisms

- Discuss cross-pollination
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate cross-pollination
- Research on examples of plants that undergo cross-pollination
- Compare self-pollination and cross-pollination
- Observe pictures/videos of wind and water pollination
- Discuss how wind and water aid in pollination
- Research on examples of flowers pollinated by wind and water
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 89)
- Charts showing cross-pollination
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 90)
- Pictures/videos of insect pollinators
- Pictures/videos of bird and animal pollinators
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 91)
- Pictures/videos of wind and water pollination
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 92)
- Fresh insect-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of insect-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to wind pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
- Explain how these adaptations facilitate wind pollination
- Value the diversity in plant adaptations

- Observe wind-pollinated flowers
- Identify and discuss adaptations to wind pollination
- Compare insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers
- Create presentations on adaptations to wind pollination

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 93)
- Fresh wind-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of wind-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Describe how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Show concern for the impact of human activities on pollinators

- Research on the effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Discuss how these effects impact plant reproduction
- Debate on the use of agrochemicals and their effects on pollination
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 94)
- Digital devices
- Articles on effects of agrochemicals on pollinators
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 95)
- Videos on fertilization in plants
- Charts showing fertilization process

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Seed formation in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of seed formation in flowering plants
- Identify the changes that occur during seed formation
- Value the importance of seeds in plant reproduction

- Watch videos on seed formation
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate seed formation
- Observe different stages of seed development if available
- Discuss the changes that occur during seed formation

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 96)
- Videos on seed formation
- Charts showing seed formation
- Samples of seeds at different developmental stages

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Drawing assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit formation in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of fruit formation in flowering plants
- Identify the changes that occur during fruit formation
- Appreciate the role of fruits in plant reproduction

- Watch videos on fruit formation
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate fruit formation
- Observe different stages of fruit development if available
- Discuss the changes that occur during fruit formation

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 97)
- Videos on fruit formation
- Charts showing fruit formation
- Samples of fruits at different developmental stages

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Drawing assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal (meaning and importance)
Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (animals)
Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (wind, water)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Value the role of dispersal in plant reproduction

- Explain animal dispersal of fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Appreciate the role of animals in plant reproduction

- Discuss the meaning of fruit and seed dispersal
- Research on the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Debate on what would happen if seeds were not dispersed
- Present findings to class
- Collect and observe fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for animal dispersal
- Research on examples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on animal dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 98)
- Digital devices
- Charts showing seed dispersal
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 99)
- Samples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animal dispersal
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 100)
- Samples of wind and water-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Pictures of wind and water dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Collection assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (self-dispersal mechanisms)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain self-dispersal mechanisms in fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds that use self-dispersal mechanisms
- Appreciate the diversity in dispersal mechanisms

- Observe fruits that use self-dispersal mechanisms
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for self-dispersal
- Research on examples of self-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on self-dispersal mechanisms

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 101)
- Samples of self-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of self-dispersal mechanisms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of fruits and seeds for dispersal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of fruits and seeds for different dispersal methods
- Categorize fruits and seeds based on their dispersal methods
- Value the relationship between structure and function

- Collect and observe different fruits and seeds
- Identify adaptations for different dispersal methods
- Categorize the fruits and seeds based on their dispersal methods
- Create presentations on adaptations for dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 102)
- Various fruit and seed samples
- Hand lens
- Sorting trays

- Observation - Oral questions - Classification activities - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature
The interdependence of life - Components of the environment
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (predation)
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (parasitism)
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (symbiosis)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of flowers in nature
- Describe the ecological importance of flowers
- Appreciate the value of flowers in the ecosystem

- Explain parasitism as a biotic interaction
- Identify examples of parasitic relationships
- Value the diversity of relationships in ecosystems

- Discuss the role of flowers in nature
- Research on the ecological importance of flowers
- Debate on the value of flowers in the ecosystem
- Create presentations on the role of flowers in nature
- Discuss parasitism as a biotic interaction
- Observe pictures/videos of parasitic relationships
- Research on examples of parasitic relationships
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?
What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 105)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of different flowers and their roles
- Charts on flower roles in ecosystems
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 107)
- School grounds
- Notebooks
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 108)
- Pictures/videos of predator-prey relationships
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 109)
- Pictures/videos of parasitic relationships
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 110)
- Pictures/videos of symbiotic relationships

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (competition)
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (saprophytic)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (temperature)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain competition as a biotic interaction
- Identify examples of competitive relationships
- Show interest in how competition shapes ecosystems

- Discuss competition as a biotic interaction
- Observe pictures/videos of competitive relationships
- Research on examples of competitive relationships
- Present findings to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 111)
- Pictures/videos of competitive relationships
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 112)
- Pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 113)
- Thermometers
- Pictures/videos of organisms in different temperature zones

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (light)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (water)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light affects living organisms
- Describe adaptations of organisms to different light conditions
- Appreciate the role of light in ecosystems

- Discuss how light affects living organisms
- Research on adaptations of organisms to different light conditions
- Observe plants grown under different light conditions
- Present findings to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 114)
- Light meters (if available)
- Plants grown under different light conditions
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 115)
- Pictures of plants from arid and wet environments
- Water samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (wind)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (atmospheric pressure, pH and salinity)
The interdependence of life - Energy flow (food chains)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how wind affects living organisms
- Describe adaptations of organisms to windy environments
- Appreciate the role of wind in ecosystems

- Explain how atmospheric pressure, pH and salinity affect living organisms
- Describe adaptations of organisms to these abiotic factors
- Value adaptations to different environments

- Discuss how wind affects living organisms
- Research on adaptations of organisms to windy environments
- Observe plants from windy and sheltered environments
- Present findings to class
- Discuss how atmospheric pressure, pH and salinity affect living organisms
- Research on adaptations of organisms to these factors
- Test pH and salinity of different water samples if possible
- Present findings to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 116)
- Pictures of plants from windy and sheltered environments
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 117)
- pH testing equipment (if available)
- Water samples of different salinity
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 118)
- Charts showing food chains
- Pictures of local organisms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations
- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Energy flow (food webs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of food webs
- Construct simple food webs
- Value the complexity of feeding relationships in ecosystems

- Discuss the concept of food webs
- Identify how food chains interconnect to form food webs
- Construct simple food webs using organisms observed in the local environment
- Present food webs to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 119)
- Charts showing food webs
- Pictures of local organisms
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Food web construction assessment - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Human activities (habitat change)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how human activities lead to habitat change
- Describe the effects of habitat change on ecosystems
- Show concern for habitat conservation

- Discuss human activities that lead to habitat change
- Research on the effects of habitat change on ecosystems
- Debate on the balance between development and conservation
- Present findings to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 120)
- Pictures showing habitat change
- Digital devices
- Newspaper articles

- Observation - Oral questions - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Human activities (hunting and poaching)
The interdependence of life - Human activities (introduction of new living things)
The interdependence of life - Interrelationships in Kenya national parks
The interdependence of life - Role of decomposers in ecosystems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of hunting and poaching on ecosystems
- Describe conservation measures against hunting and poaching
- Show concern for wildlife conservation

- Describe interrelationships in Kenya national parks
- Construct food chains and food webs of Kenya national parks
- Value the importance of national parks for biodiversity

- Discuss the effects of hunting and poaching on ecosystems
- Research on conservation measures against hunting and poaching
- Debate on sustainable hunting practices
- Present findings to class
- Research on interrelationships in Kenya national parks
- Construct food chains and food webs of Kenya national parks
- Discuss the importance of national parks for biodiversity
- Present findings to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 121)
- Pictures related to hunting and poaching
- Digital devices
- Newspaper articles
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 122)
- Pictures of invasive species
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 123)
- Pictures of Kenya national parks
- Digital devices
- Maps of Kenya national parks
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 125)
- Pictures/videos of decomposers
- Materials to create models

- Observation - Oral questions - Debate assessment - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral questions - Food web construction assessment - Presentations