THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Electronic configuration, ion formed, valency and oxidation number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate electronic configuration, ion formed, valency and oxidation number of different elements.

Written exercise;
Exercise review.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 18

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical formulae of compounds. - Elements of equal valencies.
Chemical formulae of compounds. -Elements of unequal valencies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of equal valencies.
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of unequal valencies.

Discuss formation of compounds such as NaCl, MgO.
Discuss formation of compounds such as MgCl2
Al (NO3)3

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 19-20

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical formulae of compounds. -Elements of variable valencies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of variable valencies.

Discuss formation of compounds such as
-Copper (I) Oxide.
-Copper (II) Oxide.
-Iron (II) Sulphate.
-Iron (III) Sulphate.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 20

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify components of chemical equations.

Review word equations;
Exposition of new concepts with probing questions;
Brief discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 21-23

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical equations.
Balanced chemical equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify components of chemical equations.

To balance chemical equations correctly.

Review word equations;
Exposition of new concepts with probing questions;
Brief discussion.
Exposition;
Supervised practice.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 21-23
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 24-25

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Balanced chemical equations.(contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To balance chemical equations correctly.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 25-8

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen

Q/A: Review reactions of Mg, Ca, with oxygen.
The corresponding word and then chemical equations are then written and their correctness verified by the teacher.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 38

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
Reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Teacher demonstration- Reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.
Supervised practice.

Some alkaline earth metals.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 41

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.

revision book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.
Uses of some alkaline earth metals and their compounds.
Halogens. Physical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
State uses of alkaline earth metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkaline earth metals.

text book
text book
Iodine crystals, electrical wire, a bulb.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Comparative physical properties of halogens.
Chemical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain the trends in physical properties of halogens.

Examine a comparative table of physical properties of halogens.
Discuss the deductions made from the table.

text book
Chlorine, iron wool, bromine.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Some uses of halogens and their compounds.
Noble Gases. Comparative physical properties of noble gases.
Uses of noble gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.
Ionic bond representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe role of valence electrons in determining chemical bonding.


Explain formation of ionic bonding.

Q/A: Review valence electrons of atoms of elements in groups I, II, III, VII and VIII.
Q/A: Review group I and group VII elements.
Discuss formation of ionic bond.

text book
Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP54




PP 57-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Grant ionic structures.
Physical properties of ionic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the crystalline ionic compound.
Give examples of ionic substances.

Discuss the group ionic structures of NaCl.
Teacher gives examples of other ionic substances: KNO3, potassium bromide, Ca (NO3)2, sodium iodide.

Giant sodium chloride model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP 56-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Covalent bond.
Co-ordinate bond.
Molecular structure.
Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the formation of covalent bond
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent covalent bond.
To describe the molecular structure.
To give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure

Exposition: Shared pair of electrons in a hydrogen molecule, H2O, NH3, Cl2, and CO2.
Drawing of dot-and-cross diagrams of covalent bonds.

Discussion ? To explain formation of the giant structure and give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure.

text book
text book
Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP 60-63
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe giant atomic structure in diamond.
To state uses of diamond.

Diagrammatic representation of diamond.
Discuss uses of diamond.

Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK II P 69

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe mutual electronic forces between electrons and nuclei.
To describe metallic bond.
To compare physical properties of metals.
To state uses of some metals.

Discussion:
Detailed analysis of comparative physical properties of metals and their uses.



Probing questions & brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 70

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.
Physical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in the third period.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with oxygen.

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

Q/A: Products of reactions of Na, Mg, Al, P, & S with oxygen.
Discuss the trend in their reactivity; identify basic and acidic oxides.
Exercise ? balanced chemical equations for the above reactions.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 79-80

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Oxides of period 3 elements.
Chlorides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify bonds across elements in period 3.
To explain chemical behavior of their oxide.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 84

SALTS

Types of salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a salt.
Describe various types of salts and give several examples in each case.

Descriptive approach. Teacher exposes new concepts.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 91

SALTS

Solubility of salts in water.
Solubility of bases in water.
Methods of preparing various salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various salts in cold water/warm water.
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5 cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Analyse the results.
Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.

Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.
Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.
CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 92-93
K.L.B. BOOK II pp96

SALTS

Direct synthesis of a salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe direct synthesis of a salt.
To write balanced equations for the reactions.

Group experiments- preparation of iron (II) sulphide by direct synthesis.
Give other examples of salts prepared by direct synthesis.
Students write down corresponding balanced equations.

Iron,
Sulphur

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 104

SALTS

Ionic equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.

K.L.B. BOOK II

SALTS

Effects of heat on carbonates.
Effects of heat on nitrates.
Effects of heat on sulphates.
Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on carbonates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal carbonates.
To state effects of heat on sulphates.
To predict products results from heating metal sulphates.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on Na2CO3, K2CO3, CaCO3, ZnCO3, PbCO3, e.t.c.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various sulphates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Various carbonates.
Common metal nitrates.
Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 108-109
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 113

SALTS
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Uses of salts.
Electrical conductivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of salts

Teacher elucidates uses of salts.

Various solids, bulb, battery, & wires.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114