Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - The atom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term 'atom'
- Describe the structure of an atom
- Show interest in learning about the atom

- Discuss the meaning of the term 'atom' using dictionaries or digital resources
- Use digital media to observe animations on the structure of an atom
- Draw and discuss the structure of an atom

Why learn about the structure of the atom?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 2
- Chart showing the structure of an atom
- Dictionary
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - The atom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term 'atom'
- Describe the structure of an atom
- Show interest in learning about the atom

- Discuss the meaning of the term 'atom' using dictionaries or digital resources
- Use digital media to observe animations on the structure of an atom
- Draw and discuss the structure of an atom

Why learn about the structure of the atom?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 2
- Chart showing the structure of an atom
- Dictionary
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Subatomic particles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Describe the location of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
- Appreciate the composition of an atom

- Study diagrams of the atom
- Identify different particles found in an atom
- Discuss the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons

What is an atom?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 3
- Charts showing atomic structure
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain atomic number
- Explain mass number
- Show interest in atomic numbers and mass numbers

- Discuss the meaning of atomic number and mass number
- Write atomic representations of elements
- Use charts to understand atomic numbers

What do atomic number and mass number represent?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 4
- Periodic table
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain atomic number
- Explain mass number
- Show interest in atomic numbers and mass numbers

- Discuss the meaning of atomic number and mass number
- Write atomic representations of elements
- Use charts to understand atomic numbers

What do atomic number and mass number represent?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 4
- Periodic table
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Calculating mass number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the mass number of elements
- Calculate the number of neutrons in atoms
- Show interest in atomic calculations

- Work out the mass number of elements with peers
- Complete table showing atomic numbers and mass numbers
- Discuss isotopes

How do we calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 5
- Periodic table
- Calculators

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Calculating mass number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the mass number of elements
- Calculate the number of neutrons in atoms
- Show interest in atomic calculations

- Work out the mass number of elements with peers
- Complete table showing atomic numbers and mass numbers
- Discuss isotopes

How do we calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 5
- Periodic table
- Calculators

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain electron arrangement in atoms
- Draw energy level diagrams
- Show interest in electron arrangement

- Discuss how electrons are arranged in energy levels
- Draw energy level diagrams
- Use digital media to observe animations on electron arrangement

How are electrons arranged in an atom?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 8
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain electron arrangement in atoms
- Draw energy level diagrams
- Show interest in electron arrangement

- Discuss how electrons are arranged in energy levels
- Draw energy level diagrams
- Use digital media to observe animations on electron arrangement

How are electrons arranged in an atom?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 8
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement diagrams

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw electron arrangements for different elements
- Explain energy levels in atoms
- Appreciate the pattern in electron arrangements

- Draw electron arrangements of different elements
- Discuss the electron configuration of atoms
- Use digital media to observe animations on electron arrangement

How do we draw the electron arrangement of elements?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 9
- Periodic table
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Valence electrons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify valence electrons in atoms
- Explain the significance of valence electrons
- Show interest in electron arrangement

- Identify valence electrons in electron arrangement diagrams
- Discuss the importance of valence electrons
- Use digital media to observe animations on valence electrons

What are valence electrons?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 10
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Valence electrons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify valence electrons in atoms
- Explain the significance of valence electrons
- Show interest in electron arrangement

- Identify valence electrons in electron arrangement diagrams
- Discuss the importance of valence electrons
- Use digital media to observe animations on valence electrons

What are valence electrons?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 10
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and alloys - Identifying metals and non-metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify metals and non-metals in the environment
- Classify materials as metals or non-metals
- Show interest in classification of materials

- Observe various materials in the environment
- Classify materials as metals or non-metals
- Discuss the general properties of metals and non-metals

Why learn about metals and alloys?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 17
- Various metal and non-metal samples
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and alloys - Identifying metals and non-metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify metals and non-metals in the environment
- Classify materials as metals or non-metals
- Show interest in classification of materials

- Observe various materials in the environment
- Classify materials as metals or non-metals
- Discuss the general properties of metals and non-metals

Why learn about metals and alloys?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 17
- Various metal and non-metal samples
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and alloys - Prevention of rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of preventing rusting
- Explain how each method works
- Show interest in rust prevention

- Read about methods of preventing rusting
- Discuss methods like painting, oiling, galvanizing
- Research methods using digital resources

How can we prevent metals from rusting?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 27
- Digital resources
- Textbooks
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and alloys - Summary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize properties of metals
- Summarize composition and uses of alloys
- Show confidence in knowledge about metals and alloys

- Review properties of metals
- Discuss composition and uses of alloys
- Create summary notes

Why is knowledge about metals and alloys important in everyday life?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 28
- Previous notes
- Charts
- Textbooks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and alloys - Summary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize properties of metals
- Summarize composition and uses of alloys
- Show confidence in knowledge about metals and alloys

- Review properties of metals
- Discuss composition and uses of alloys
- Create summary notes

Why is knowledge about metals and alloys important in everyday life?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 28
- Previous notes
- Charts
- Textbooks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and alloys - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Answer questions on metals and alloys
- Apply knowledge on properties and uses of metals and alloys
- Show confidence in knowledge about metals and alloys

- Attempt questions on metals and alloys
- Discuss solutions to questions
- Review key concepts

How does understanding metals and alloys help us in technology development?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 29
- Assessment questions
- Previous notes

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and alloys - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Answer questions on metals and alloys
- Apply knowledge on properties and uses of metals and alloys
- Show confidence in knowledge about metals and alloys

- Attempt questions on metals and alloys
- Discuss solutions to questions
- Review key concepts

How does understanding metals and alloys help us in technology development?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 29
- Assessment questions
- Previous notes

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Physical properties of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of water
- Investigate the colour and odour of water
- Show interest in properties of water

- Observe distilled water
- Investigate whether distilled water has colour and odour
- Discuss physical properties of water

Why learn about water hardness?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 30
- Distilled water
- Glass beakers
- Water from different sources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Taste of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate whether water has a taste
- Compare taste of water from different sources
- Show interest in properties of water

- Taste water from different safe sources
- Compare the taste of water from different sources
- Discuss why water may have different tastes

Does water have a taste?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 31
- Water from different safe sources
- Clean cups
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Taste of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate whether water has a taste
- Compare taste of water from different sources
- Show interest in properties of water

- Taste water from different safe sources
- Compare the taste of water from different sources
- Discuss why water may have different tastes

Does water have a taste?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 31
- Water from different safe sources
- Clean cups
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Boiling point of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the boiling point of water
- Compare boiling points of water from different sources
- Show interest in properties of water

- Set up apparatus to determine boiling point
- Heat water and record temperature changes
- Compare boiling points of different water samples

How do impurities affect the boiling point of water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 32
- Water samples
- Thermometer
- Boiling tube
- Source of heat

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Boiling point of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the boiling point of water
- Compare boiling points of water from different sources
- Show interest in properties of water

- Set up apparatus to determine boiling point
- Heat water and record temperature changes
- Compare boiling points of different water samples

How do impurities affect the boiling point of water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 32
- Water samples
- Thermometer
- Boiling tube
- Source of heat

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define hard and soft water
- Distinguish between hard and soft water
- Show interest in water hardness

- Add soap to distilled water and tap water
- Observe lathering and formation of scum
- Discuss the difference between hard and soft water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 33
- Distilled water
- Tap water
- Soap solution
- Beakers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Testing water hardness

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test water hardness using soap
- Compare lathering ability of different water samples
- Show interest in water hardness

- Set up apparatus to test water hardness
- Add soap solution to different water samples
- Record and compare results

How can one distinguish between hard and soft water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 34
- Water samples
- Soap solution
- Conical flasks
- Burette

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Testing water hardness

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test water hardness using soap
- Compare lathering ability of different water samples
- Show interest in water hardness

- Set up apparatus to test water hardness
- Add soap solution to different water samples
- Record and compare results

How can one distinguish between hard and soft water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 34
- Water samples
- Soap solution
- Conical flasks
- Burette

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Testing water hardness

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test water hardness using soap
- Compare lathering ability of different water samples
- Show interest in water hardness

- Set up apparatus to test water hardness
- Add soap solution to different water samples
- Record and compare results

How can one distinguish between hard and soft water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 34
- Water samples
- Soap solution
- Conical flasks
- Burette

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Differences between hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the differences between hard and soft water
- Explain the ions responsible for water hardness
- Appreciate differences between hard and soft water

- Review results from previous experiment
- Discuss ions responsible for water hardness
- Summarize differences between hard and soft water

What causes water to be hard?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 34
- Previous experimental results
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Advantages of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline advantages of soft water
- Outline advantages of hard water
- Show interest in applications of water

- Research advantages of soft and hard water
- Discuss findings in groups
- Present findings to class

What are the benefits of using soft water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 35
- Digital resources
- Textbooks
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Group presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Disadvantages of hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline disadvantages of hard water
- Explain effects of hard water on appliances
- Show interest in water hardness

- Research disadvantages of hard water
- Observe kettle with scale formation
- Discuss effects of hard water on soap usage

How does hard water affect household appliances?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 36
- Kettle with scale
- Digital resources
- Textbooks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Disadvantages of hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline disadvantages of hard water
- Explain effects of hard water on appliances
- Show interest in water hardness

- Research disadvantages of hard water
- Observe kettle with scale formation
- Discuss effects of hard water on soap usage

How does hard water affect household appliances?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 36
- Kettle with scale
- Digital resources
- Textbooks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Disadvantages of hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline disadvantages of hard water
- Explain effects of hard water on appliances
- Show interest in water hardness

- Research disadvantages of hard water
- Observe kettle with scale formation
- Discuss effects of hard water on soap usage

How does hard water affect household appliances?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 36
- Kettle with scale
- Digital resources
- Textbooks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Methods of softening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of softening hard water
- Explain principles behind each method
- Show interest in water treatment

- Read about methods of softening hard water
- Discuss boiling, distillation, and use of chemicals
- Research methods using digital resources

How can we soften hard water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 37
- Digital resources
- Textbooks
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Softening by boiling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by boiling
- Test effectiveness of boiling in water softening
- Apply water softening skills

- Boil hard water samples
- Test lathering ability before and after boiling
- Compare and discuss results

How effective is boiling in softening hard water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 38
- Hard water samples
- Source of heat
- Soap solution
- Test tubes

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Softening by distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by distillation
- Test effectiveness of distillation in water softening
- Apply water softening skills

- Set up simple distillation apparatus
- Distill hard water
- Test lathering ability of distillate
- Compare and discuss results

How effective is distillation in softening hard water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 39
- Hard water samples
- Distillation apparatus
- Soap solution
- Test tubes

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Softening by distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by distillation
- Test effectiveness of distillation in water softening
- Apply water softening skills

- Set up simple distillation apparatus
- Distill hard water
- Test lathering ability of distillate
- Compare and discuss results

How effective is distillation in softening hard water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 39
- Hard water samples
- Distillation apparatus
- Soap solution
- Test tubes

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Softening by distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by distillation
- Test effectiveness of distillation in water softening
- Apply water softening skills

- Set up simple distillation apparatus
- Distill hard water
- Test lathering ability of distillate
- Compare and discuss results

How effective is distillation in softening hard water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 39
- Hard water samples
- Distillation apparatus
- Soap solution
- Test tubes

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Softening using washing soda

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water using washing soda
- Test effectiveness of chemical treatment
- Apply water softening skills

- Add washing soda to hard water
- Filter the mixture
- Test lathering ability of filtrate
- Compare and discuss results

How effective are chemicals in softening hard water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 40
- Hard water samples
- Washing soda
- Filter funnel and paper
- Soap solution

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Softening using washing soda

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water using washing soda
- Test effectiveness of chemical treatment
- Apply water softening skills

- Add washing soda to hard water
- Filter the mixture
- Test lathering ability of filtrate
- Compare and discuss results

How effective are chemicals in softening hard water?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 40
- Hard water samples
- Washing soda
- Filter funnel and paper
- Soap solution

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe applications of soft water in daily life
- Describe applications of hard water in daily life
- Appreciate the importance of water hardness knowledge

- Research applications of soft and hard water
- Discuss appropriate uses for each type of water
- Create posters showing applications

How do we apply knowledge of water hardness in daily life?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 41
- Digital resources
- Textbooks
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Group presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Summary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize physical properties of water
- Summarize differences between hard and soft water
- Show confidence in knowledge about water hardness

- Review physical properties of water
- Discuss differences between hard and soft water
- Create summary notes

Why is understanding water hardness important?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 43
- Previous notes
- Charts
- Textbooks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Summary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize physical properties of water
- Summarize differences between hard and soft water
- Show confidence in knowledge about water hardness

- Review physical properties of water
- Discuss differences between hard and soft water
- Create summary notes

Why is understanding water hardness important?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 43
- Previous notes
- Charts
- Textbooks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Applications of knowledge

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply knowledge on water hardness to solve problems
- Choose appropriate water for specific applications
- Show confidence in water hardness knowledge

- Present scenarios requiring water hardness knowledge
- Discuss solutions to real-life problems
- Create awareness materials on water hardness

How can we help others understand water hardness?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 43
- Previous notes
- Charts
- Real-life scenarios

- Observation - Oral questions - Group presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Applications of knowledge

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply knowledge on water hardness to solve problems
- Choose appropriate water for specific applications
- Show confidence in water hardness knowledge

- Present scenarios requiring water hardness knowledge
- Discuss solutions to real-life problems
- Create awareness materials on water hardness

How can we help others understand water hardness?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 43
- Previous notes
- Charts
- Real-life scenarios

- Observation - Oral questions - Group presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Answer questions on water hardness
- Apply knowledge on water properties and hardness
- Show confidence in knowledge about water hardness

- Attempt questions on water hardness
- Discuss solutions to questions
- Review key concepts

How does understanding water hardness help us make better choices?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 44
- Assessment questions
- Previous notes

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Answer questions on water hardness
- Apply knowledge on water properties and hardness
- Show confidence in knowledge about water hardness

- Attempt questions on water hardness
- Discuss solutions to questions
- Review key concepts

How does understanding water hardness help us make better choices?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 44
- Assessment questions
- Previous notes

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Parts of a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the external parts of a leaf
- Draw and label the external parts of a leaf
- Show interest in the external parts of a leaf

- Collect leaves from different plants
- Observe the arrangement of leaves on plants
- Draw and label the external parts of a leaf

What are the external parts of a leaf?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 44
- Leaf specimens
- Charts showing leaf parts

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe the internal structure of a leaf
- Identify the internal parts of a leaf
- Draw and label the internal parts of a leaf

- Mount a permanent slide on the stage of a light microscope
- Observe and identify the internal parts of a leaf
- Draw the transverse section of the leaf

How is a leaf structured internally?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 44
- Light microscope
- Permanent slide of leaf section
- Charts

- Observation - Drawings - Written questions

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe the internal structure of a leaf
- Identify the internal parts of a leaf
- Draw and label the internal parts of a leaf

- Mount a permanent slide on the stage of a light microscope
- Observe and identify the internal parts of a leaf
- Draw the transverse section of the leaf

How is a leaf structured internally?

- Oxford Integrated Science pg. 44
- Light microscope
- Permanent slide of leaf section
- Charts

- Observation - Drawings - Written questions