Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - External structure of the leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the external parts of a leaf
- Draw and label external parts of a leaf
- Show interest in exploring plant structures

- Observe pictures showing external structure of a leaf
- Identify external parts of the leaf from the pictures
- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 49)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts
Nutrition in plants - Observing leaf structures
Nutrition in plants - Leaf adaptations for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of the leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of external leaf parts
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Appreciate the diversity of leaf structures

- Explain how leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Relate leaf adaptations to their functions
- Show interest in understanding plant adaptations

- Discuss the functions of each external part of the leaf
- Relate the structure of leaf parts to their functions
- Share findings with classmates
- Discuss how external leaf structures are adapted for photosynthesis
- Search for information about leaf adaptations from digital devices or print resources
- Make summary notes on leaf adaptations

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 50)
- Charts showing external structure of leaf
- Digital resources
- Fresh leaves
- Hand lens
- Drawing materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 51)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing leaf adaptations
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 52)
- Charts showing internal structure of leaf
- Models

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Leaf tissues for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Internal adaptations for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Structure of chloroplast

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of internal leaf tissues
- Relate internal leaf structures to photosynthesis
- Appreciate the complexity of leaf tissues

- Discuss the functions of different internal leaf tissues
- Relate the structure of internal leaf tissues to photosynthesis
- Share findings with classmates

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 53)
- Charts showing internal leaf tissues
- Digital resources
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 54)
- Charts showing internal leaf adaptations
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 55)
- Charts showing structure of chloroplast

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Chloroplast adaptations
Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how chloroplasts are adapted for photosynthesis
- Identify chloroplast structures from photomicrographs
- Show interest in microscopic structures

- Study a photomicrograph of a chloroplast
- Identify parts of the chloroplast from the photomicrograph
- Discuss how chloroplasts are adapted for photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 56)
- Photomicrographs of chloroplasts
- Charts showing chloroplast structure
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 57)
- Charts showing photosynthesis process
- Reference materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Conditions for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Stages of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Explain the role of each condition in photosynthesis
- Appreciate the complexity of photosynthesis

- Search for information on conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Discuss the role of each condition in photosynthesis
- Make summary notes on conditions for photosynthesis

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 58)
- Charts showing conditions for photosynthesis
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 59)
- Charts showing stages of photosynthesis

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch
Nutrition in plants - Light and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Carbon (IV) oxide and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Chlorophyll and photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the procedure for testing for starch in a leaf
- Explain why each step in the procedure is important
- Observe safety measures when carrying out experiments

- Investigate whether chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
- Design a fair test using variegated leaves
- Draw conclusions based on evidence

- Set up an experiment to test for the presence of starch in a leaf
- Follow the correct procedure step by step
- Observe and record the results
- Explain why certain steps are necessary
- Design an experiment using variegated leaves to investigate the role of chlorophyll
- Test for starch in variegated leaves
- Record and analyze results
- Draw conclusions from the experiment

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 60)
- Apparatus for testing starch in leaves
- Chemicals (iodine solution)
- Fresh leaves
- Heat source
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 61)
- Potted plants
- Aluminum foil/carbon paper
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 62)
- Conical flasks with corks
- Potassium hydroxide solution
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 63)
- Variegated leaves
- Apparatus for testing starch
- Chemicals
- Heat source
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 64)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing importance of photosynthesis
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Environmental impact of photosynthesis
Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition in animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how photosynthesis affects carbon (IV) oxide levels
- Explain the role of photosynthesis in reducing global warming
- Value plants as contributors to environmental balance

- Discuss how photosynthesis affects the carbon cycle
- Explain how plants help reduce carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere
- Relate photosynthesis to environmental conservation

What is the importance of photosynthesis in nature?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 65)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing carbon cycle
- Reference materials
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 73)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animals with different feeding habits

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Parasitic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Saprophytic mode of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain parasitic mode of nutrition
- Identify animals that exhibit parasitic mode of nutrition
- Appreciate the role of parasites in the ecosystem

- Observe pictures of parasitic animals
- Discuss the characteristics of parasitic animals
- Research on examples of parasitic animals
- Create presentations on parasitic animals

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 74)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of parasitic animals
- Pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Symbiotic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Holozoic mode of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (structure)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain symbiotic mode of nutrition
- Identify organisms that exhibit symbiotic relationships in feeding
- Appreciate the interdependence of organisms in nutrition

- Observe pictures of symbiotic relationships
- Discuss examples of symbiotic relationships in feeding
- Research on symbiotic relationships
- Create presentations on symbiotic relationships

How do different animals feed?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 75)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of symbiotic relationships
- Pictures of animals with holozoic feeding
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 76)
- Dental models or charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Types of teeth (functions)
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in animals (homodont and heterodont)
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in carnivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of different types of teeth
- Relate the structure of teeth to their functions
- Show interest in understanding tooth function

- Describe the dentition of carnivores
- Identify adaptations of carnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding carnivore dentition

- Discuss the functions of different types of teeth
- Using models, demonstrate how different teeth perform their functions
- Make presentations on the relationship between structure and function of teeth
- Observe pictures/models of carnivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of carnivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of carnivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on carnivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 77)
- Dental models or charts
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 78)
- Pictures of animal teeth
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 79)
- Pictures/models of carnivore teeth
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in herbivores
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in omnivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dentition of herbivores
- Identify adaptations of herbivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Show interest in understanding herbivore dentition

- Observe pictures/models of herbivore teeth
- Discuss the adaptations of herbivore teeth to their feeding habits
- Research on examples of herbivores and their dentition
- Make presentations on herbivore dentition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 80)
- Pictures/models of herbivore teeth
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 81)
- Pictures/models of omnivore teeth

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (ingestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of ingestion in human beings
- Describe the role of teeth and salivary glands in ingestion
- Appreciate the complexity of the digestive process

- Discuss the process of ingestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in ingestion
- Demonstrate the role of teeth and saliva in ingestion
- Research on the process of ingestion

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 82)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Demonstrations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (digestion)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of digestion in human beings
- Identify organs involved in digestion and their functions
- Appreciate the importance of proper digestion

- Discuss the process of digestion in different parts of the digestive system
- Using charts/models, identify organs involved in digestion
- Research on mechanical and chemical digestion
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 83)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (absorption)
Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (assimilation)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of absorption in human beings
- Identify structures involved in absorption and their adaptations
- Appreciate the efficiency of the absorption process

- Explain the process of assimilation in human beings
- Describe how absorbed nutrients are utilized in the body
- Value the importance of proper nutrition for body functions

- Discuss the process of absorption in the small intestine
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in absorption
- Research on the adaptations of the small intestine for absorption
- Present findings to the class
- Discuss the process of assimilation
- Research on how different nutrients are used in the body
- Create presentations on the process of assimilation
- Discuss the importance of proper nutrition

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 83)
- Charts/models of the digestive system
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts of the circulatory system
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion (egestion)
Reproduction in plants - Parts of a flower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of egestion in human beings
- Identify structures involved in egestion and their functions
- Appreciate the importance of proper waste elimination

- Discuss the process of egestion
- Using charts/models, identify structures involved in egestion
- Research on the importance of fiber in egestion
- Present findings to the class

How is food digested in the human body?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 84)
- Charts/models of the large intestine
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 86)
- Fresh flowers
- Hand lens
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Functions of parts of a flower
Reproduction in plants - Meaning of pollination
Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (self-pollination)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline the functions of different parts of a flower
- Relate the structure of flower parts to their functions
- Show interest in understanding flower parts

- Discuss in groups the functions of different parts of a flower
- Use models/charts to explain how the structure of flower parts relates to their functions
- Create presentations on flower parts and their functions

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 87)
- Flower models or charts
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 88)
- Videos on pollination
- Charts showing pollination
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 89)
- Charts showing self-pollination

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Types of pollination (cross-pollination)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (insects)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain cross-pollination
- Identify plants that undergo cross-pollination
- Appreciate the advantages of cross-pollination

- Discuss cross-pollination
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate cross-pollination
- Research on examples of plants that undergo cross-pollination
- Compare self-pollination and cross-pollination

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 89)
- Charts showing cross-pollination
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 90)
- Pictures/videos of insect pollinators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (birds, other animals)
Reproduction in plants - Agents of pollination (wind, water)
Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to insect pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify birds and other animals as agents of pollination
- Explain how birds and other animals aid in pollination
- Value the diversity of pollination mechanisms

- Identify adaptations of flowers to insect pollination
- Explain how these adaptations facilitate insect pollination
- Appreciate the relationship between structure and function

- Observe pictures/videos of birds and other animals as pollinators
- Discuss how birds and other animals aid in pollination
- Research on examples of flowers pollinated by birds and other animals
- Present findings to class
- Observe insect-pollinated flowers
- Identify and discuss adaptations to insect pollination
- Compare different insect-pollinated flowers
- Create presentations on adaptations to insect pollination

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 90)
- Pictures/videos of bird and animal pollinators
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 91)
- Pictures/videos of wind and water pollination
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 92)
- Fresh insect-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of insect-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
Reproduction in plants - Effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
- Explain how these adaptations facilitate wind pollination
- Value the diversity in plant adaptations

- Observe wind-pollinated flowers
- Identify and discuss adaptations to wind pollination
- Compare insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers
- Create presentations on adaptations to wind pollination

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 93)
- Fresh wind-pollinated flowers
- Pictures of wind-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 94)
- Digital devices
- Articles on effects of agrochemicals on pollinators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of fertilization in flowering plants
- Describe the journey of pollen tube to the ovule
- Appreciate the complexity of plant reproduction

- Watch videos on fertilization in flowering plants
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate the fertilization process
- Discuss the journey of the pollen tube to the ovule
- Create presentations on fertilization in flowering plants

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 95)
- Videos on fertilization in plants
- Charts showing fertilization process
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Seed formation in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of seed formation in flowering plants
- Identify the changes that occur during seed formation
- Value the importance of seeds in plant reproduction

- Watch videos on seed formation
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate seed formation
- Observe different stages of seed development if available
- Discuss the changes that occur during seed formation

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 96)
- Videos on seed formation
- Charts showing seed formation
- Samples of seeds at different developmental stages

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Drawing assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit formation in flowering plants
Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal (meaning and importance)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of fruit formation in flowering plants
- Identify the changes that occur during fruit formation
- Appreciate the role of fruits in plant reproduction

- Explain the meaning of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Value the role of dispersal in plant reproduction

- Watch videos on fruit formation
- Use diagrams/charts to illustrate fruit formation
- Observe different stages of fruit development if available
- Discuss the changes that occur during fruit formation
- Discuss the meaning of fruit and seed dispersal
- Research on the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Debate on what would happen if seeds were not dispersed
- Present findings to class

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 97)
- Videos on fruit formation
- Charts showing fruit formation
- Samples of fruits at different developmental stages
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 98)
- Digital devices
- Charts showing seed dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Drawing assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (animals)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain animal dispersal of fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Appreciate the role of animals in plant reproduction

- Collect and observe fruits and seeds dispersed by animals
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for animal dispersal
- Research on examples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on animal dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 99)
- Samples of animal-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of animal dispersal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Collection assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (wind, water)
Reproduction in plants - Modes of fruit and seed dispersal (self-dispersal mechanisms)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain wind and water dispersal of fruits and seeds
- Identify fruits and seeds dispersed by wind and water
- Show interest in different dispersal mechanisms

- Collect and observe fruits and seeds dispersed by wind and water
- Discuss the adaptations of these fruits and seeds for wind and water dispersal
- Research on examples of wind and water dispersed fruits and seeds
- Create presentations on wind and water dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 100)
- Samples of wind and water-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Digital devices
- Pictures of wind and water dispersal
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 101)
- Samples of self-dispersed fruits and seeds
- Pictures of self-dispersal mechanisms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Collection assessment

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations of fruits and seeds for dispersal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adaptations of fruits and seeds for different dispersal methods
- Categorize fruits and seeds based on their dispersal methods
- Value the relationship between structure and function

- Collect and observe different fruits and seeds
- Identify adaptations for different dispersal methods
- Categorize the fruits and seeds based on their dispersal methods
- Create presentations on adaptations for dispersal

How does reproduction in plants occur?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 102)
- Various fruit and seed samples
- Hand lens
- Sorting trays

- Observation - Oral questions - Classification activities - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature
The interdependence of life - Components of the environment
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (predation)
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (parasitism)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of flowers in nature
- Describe the ecological importance of flowers
- Appreciate the value of flowers in the ecosystem

- Identify biotic and abiotic components of the environment
- Explain the interrelationships between organisms and their environment
- Appreciate the interdependence in ecosystems

- Discuss the role of flowers in nature
- Research on the ecological importance of flowers
- Debate on the value of flowers in the ecosystem
- Create presentations on the role of flowers in nature
- Observe different components of the environment in the school compound
- Identify biotic and abiotic components
- Discuss interrelationships between organisms and their environment
- Record observations in a table

How does reproduction in plants occur?
What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 105)
- Digital devices
- Pictures of different flowers and their roles
- Charts on flower roles in ecosystems
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 107)
- School grounds
- Notebooks
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 108)
- Pictures/videos of predator-prey relationships
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 109)
- Pictures/videos of parasitic relationships

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations
- Observation - Field notes assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (symbiosis)
The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (competition)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain symbiosis as a biotic interaction
- Identify examples of symbiotic relationships
- Appreciate the importance of symbiotic relationships

- Discuss symbiosis as a biotic interaction
- Observe pictures/videos of symbiotic relationships
- Research on examples of symbiotic relationships
- Create presentations on symbiotic relationships

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 110)
- Pictures/videos of symbiotic relationships
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 111)
- Pictures/videos of competitive relationships

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Biotic factors (saprophytic)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (temperature)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain saprophytic relationships as a biotic interaction
- Identify examples of saprophytic organisms
- Appreciate the role of saprophytes in ecosystems

- Discuss saprophytic relationships
- Observe pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Research on examples of saprophytic organisms
- Create presentations on saprophytic relationships

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 112)
- Pictures/videos of saprophytic organisms
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 113)
- Thermometers
- Pictures/videos of organisms in different temperature zones

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (light)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (water)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light affects living organisms
- Describe adaptations of organisms to different light conditions
- Appreciate the role of light in ecosystems

- Discuss how light affects living organisms
- Research on adaptations of organisms to different light conditions
- Observe plants grown under different light conditions
- Present findings to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 114)
- Light meters (if available)
- Plants grown under different light conditions
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 115)
- Pictures of plants from arid and wet environments
- Water samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (wind)
The interdependence of life - Abiotic factors (atmospheric pressure, pH and salinity)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how wind affects living organisms
- Describe adaptations of organisms to windy environments
- Appreciate the role of wind in ecosystems

- Explain how atmospheric pressure, pH and salinity affect living organisms
- Describe adaptations of organisms to these abiotic factors
- Value adaptations to different environments

- Discuss how wind affects living organisms
- Research on adaptations of organisms to windy environments
- Observe plants from windy and sheltered environments
- Present findings to class
- Discuss how atmospheric pressure, pH and salinity affect living organisms
- Research on adaptations of organisms to these factors
- Test pH and salinity of different water samples if possible
- Present findings to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 116)
- Pictures of plants from windy and sheltered environments
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 117)
- pH testing equipment (if available)
- Water samples of different salinity
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations
- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Energy flow (food chains)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of food chains
- Construct simple food chains
- Appreciate energy flow in ecosystems

- Discuss the concept of food chains
- Identify producers and consumers in the environment
- Construct simple food chains using organisms observed in the local environment
- Present food chains to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 118)
- Charts showing food chains
- Pictures of local organisms
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Food chain construction assessment - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Energy flow (food webs)
The interdependence of life - Human activities (habitat change)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of food webs
- Construct simple food webs
- Value the complexity of feeding relationships in ecosystems

- Discuss the concept of food webs
- Identify how food chains interconnect to form food webs
- Construct simple food webs using organisms observed in the local environment
- Present food webs to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 119)
- Charts showing food webs
- Pictures of local organisms
- Digital devices
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 120)
- Pictures showing habitat change
- Newspaper articles

- Observation - Oral questions - Food web construction assessment - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Human activities (hunting and poaching)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of hunting and poaching on ecosystems
- Describe conservation measures against hunting and poaching
- Show concern for wildlife conservation

- Discuss the effects of hunting and poaching on ecosystems
- Research on conservation measures against hunting and poaching
- Debate on sustainable hunting practices
- Present findings to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 121)
- Pictures related to hunting and poaching
- Digital devices
- Newspaper articles

- Observation - Oral questions - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Living Things and their Environment

The interdependence of life - Human activities (introduction of new living things)
The interdependence of life - Interrelationships in Kenya national parks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of introducing new species to ecosystems
- Describe examples of invasive species and their impacts
- Appreciate the importance of biodiversity conservation

- Describe interrelationships in Kenya national parks
- Construct food chains and food webs of Kenya national parks
- Value the importance of national parks for biodiversity

- Discuss the effects of introducing new species to ecosystems
- Research on examples of invasive species and their impacts
- Debate on the management of invasive species
- Present findings to class
- Research on interrelationships in Kenya national parks
- Construct food chains and food webs of Kenya national parks
- Discuss the importance of national parks for biodiversity
- Present findings to class

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 122)
- Pictures of invasive species
- Digital devices
- Newspaper articles
- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 123)
- Pictures of Kenya national parks
- Digital devices
- Maps of Kenya national parks

- Observation - Oral questions - Debate assessment - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral questions - Food web construction assessment - Presentations

Living Things and their Environment
Force and Energy

The interdependence of life - Role of decomposers in ecosystems
Curved mirrors - Types of curved mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of decomposers in ecosystems
- Identify examples of decomposers
- Appreciate the importance of decomposers in nutrient cycling

- Discuss the role of decomposers in ecosystems
- Observe pictures/videos of decomposers in action
- Research on examples of decomposers
- Create a model of nutrient cycling showing the role of decomposers

What is the role of living and non-living factors in environments?

- Mentor Integrated Science Grade 9 (pg. 125)
- Pictures/videos of decomposers
- Digital devices
- Materials to create models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 133)
- Shiny spoons
- Digital resources on curved mirrors

- Observation - Oral questions - Model assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Terms associated with concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Determining focal length of concave mirror
Curved mirrors - Ray diagrams for concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (beyond C)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the terms associated with concave mirrors
- Describe the structure of a concave mirror
- Show interest in understanding the properties of concave mirrors

- Discuss the terms associated with concave mirrors (aperture, center of curvature, pole, principal axis, principal focus, focal length)
- Draw and label the parts of a concave mirror
- Watch animations explaining the terms associated with concave mirrors

How is the structure of the concave mirror important in image formation?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 135)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing the structure of a concave mirror
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 137)
- Concave mirrors
- Rulers
- White screens or plain paper
- Mirror holders
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 140)
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Drawing instruments
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 143)

- Observation - Drawings and labels - Written assignments