Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out rates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out rates in real life situations
-Apply rates in problem-solving
-Value the importance of rates in daily life

-Find cost per unit for various items
-Calculate rates for different quantities
-Solve real-life problems involving rates

How do we calculate rates?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 37
-Rate charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Expressing fractions as ratios
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Comparing two ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Express fractions as ratios in real life situations
-Convert between fractions and ratios
-Show interest in the relationship between fractions and ratios

-Use cut-outs to relate fractions to ratios
-Express fractions in the form a:b
-Solve problems involving conversion between fractions and ratios

How do we use ratios in daily activities?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 39
-Fraction models
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 41
-Paper strips

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Comparing three ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Compare three ratios in different situations
-Arrange ratios in order of magnitude
-Show interest in comparing multiple ratios

-Write ratios as fractions with common denominators
-Compare numerators to arrange ratios
-Solve problems involving multiple ratios

How do we compare multiple ratios?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 43
-Ratio charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Dividing quantities in given ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Divide quantities in given ratios
-Apply ratio division in real-life situations
-Value fair division of resources

-Discuss and share quantities of concrete objects in different ratios
-Divide a quantity into parts proportional to the ratio
-Solve real-life problems involving division in a ratio

How do we divide quantities in a given ratio?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 46
-Concrete objects
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out ratios
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Ratio increase

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out ratios in different situations
-Find the ratio between two quantities
-Show interest in expressing quantities as ratios

-Find the ratio between two given quantities
-Express quantities in simplest ratio form
-Solve problems involving ratios

How do we express quantities as ratios?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 48
-Ratio charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 50

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Ratio decrease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out decrease of quantities using ratios
-Apply ratio decrease in real-life situations
-Show interest in ratio applications

-Decrease quantities in given ratios
-Find quantities after ratio decreases
-Solve real-life problems involving ratio decreases

How do we use ratios to decrease quantities?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 51
-Ratio charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Percentage change

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out percentage change of given quantities
-Calculate percentage increase and decrease
-Appreciate percentage change in real-life contexts

-Discuss and determine percentage increase and decrease
-Calculate percentage change using formulas
-Solve real-life problems involving percentage change

How do we calculate percentage change?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 52
-Percentage charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Direct proportion
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out direct proportions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify direct proportions in real life situations
-Recognize when quantities vary in the same ratio
-Show interest in proportional relationships

-Role play shopping activities to show direct relationships
-Identify when quantities increase or decrease in the same ratio
-Create tables of directly proportional quantities

How do we identify direct proportion?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 53
-Proportion charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 54

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Indirect proportion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify indirect proportions in real life situations
-Recognize when products of quantities remain constant
-Show interest in inverse relationships

-Use hourglass to show indirect relationships
-Identify when one quantity increases as another decreases
-Create tables of indirectly proportional quantities

How do we identify indirect proportion?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 54
-Hourglass (if available)
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out indirect proportions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out indirect proportions in real life situations
-Apply indirect proportion in problem-solving
-Appreciate the concept of inverse relationship

-Complete tables of indirectly proportional quantities
-Calculate unknown values using indirect proportion
-Solve real-life problems involving indirect proportion

How do we calculate using indirect proportion?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 55
-Proportion charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Factorization of algebraic expressions
Algebraic Expressions - Factorization using the HCF

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify like terms in algebraic expressions
-Find the highest common factor of terms in expressions
-Show interest in learning algebraic expressions

-Discuss and identify like and unlike terms in expressions
-Find the highest common factor of terms in algebraic expressions
-Write algebraic expressions for real-life situations

How do we factorize algebraic expressions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 56
-Algebra tiles
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 57

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Add algebraic fractions
-Subtract algebraic fractions
-Show interest in working with algebraic fractions

-Discuss and use the correct methods to add algebraic fractions
-Find the LCM of denominators in algebraic fractions
-Practice addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions

How do we simplify algebraic expressions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 58
-Algebra charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Simplification of algebraic fractions by factorization

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Simplify algebraic fractions by factorization
-Use factorization to simplify complex fractions
-Appreciate the use of factorization in simplification

-Write numerator and denominator as products of factors
-Identify and cancel common factors
-Simplify algebraic fractions using factorization

How do we simplify algebraic fractions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 59
-Algebra charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Evaluating algebraic expressions
Algebraic Expressions - Applications of algebraic expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Evaluate algebraic expressions by substituting values
-Apply substitution to solve problems
-Show interest in evaluating expressions

-Discuss how to substitute given numerical values in expressions
-Practice evaluating expressions with given values
-Apply substitution to real-life situations

How do we evaluate algebraic expressions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 60
-Algebra charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 61
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - Forming linear equations in two unknowns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Form linear equations in two unknowns
-Translate word problems into equations
-Show interest in linear equations

-Role play activities such as shopping on two different items to form linear equations
-Represent price of items using letters
-Form equations from real-life situations

How do we solve linear equations in two unknowns?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 62
-Shop setup materials
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - Forming related linear equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Form related linear equations in two unknowns
-Create simultaneous equations from real-life situations
-Value the use of equations in problem-solving

-Set up a demonstration shop with two different improvised items
-Relate amounts spent to total amounts
-Form simultaneous equations from given scenarios

Where do we use linear equations in two unknowns in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 64
-Shop setup materials
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Linear Equations - Solving linear equations by substitution method
Linear Equations - More on substitution method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve linear equations using substitution method
-Apply the method to solve simultaneous equations
-Show interest in using substitution method

-Express one unknown in terms of the other
-Substitute the expression in the other equation
-Practice solving equations using substitution method

How do we solve linear equations in two unknowns?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 66
-Equation charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 67

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - Solving linear equations by elimination method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve linear equations using elimination method
-Apply the method to solve simultaneous equations
-Show interest in using elimination method

-Multiply equations by suitable numbers to make coefficients equal
-Eliminate one unknown by addition or subtraction
-Practice solving equations using elimination method

How do we solve linear equations by elimination?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 68
-Equation charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - More on elimination method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply elimination method to various equations
-Solve complex simultaneous equations
-Appreciate the elimination method

-Solve different types of linear equations using elimination
-Apply elimination method to practical problems
-Compare elimination with substitution method

When do we prefer elimination over substitution?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 70
-Equation charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra
Measurements

Linear Equations - Applying linear equations in real-life situations
Circles - Working out the circumference of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply linear equations to real-life situations
-Solve word problems using simultaneous equations
-Recognize use of linear equations in real life

-Practice forming and solving simultaneous equations from real-life cases
-Apply appropriate methods to solve problems
-Watch videos involving linear equations in real life

Where do we use linear equations in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 70
-Internet access
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 71
-Circular objects
-Measuring tape or ruler

-Observation -Oral questions -Problem-solving tasks

Measurements

Circles - Working out the circumference of circles in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of circumference in real-life contexts
-Calculate the circumference of circular objects
-Value the importance of circles in everyday life

-Discuss and find the circumference of different circular objects in the environment
-Measure diameter and calculate circumference
-Solve real-life problems involving circumference

How do we use circles in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 73
-Circular objects
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Circles - Working out the length of an arc

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the length of an arc of a circle
-Apply the formula for arc length in calculations
-Show interest in arc lengths

-Draw a circle and cut it out
-Fold the cut-out into four equal parts
-Relate the arc length to the circumference
-Calculate arc length using the formula
-Use cut-outs to relate arc length to the circumference

How do we determine the length of an arc of a circle?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 73
-Paper
-Pair of compasses

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Circles - Working out the length of an arc in real life
Circles - Calculating the perimeter of a sector

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of arc length in real-life contexts
-Calculate arc lengths in various scenarios
-Appreciate the use of arcs in daily life

-Calculate arc lengths for different angles
-Solve real-life problems involving arc lengths
-Discuss practical applications of arc lengths

How do we use arcs in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 74
-Circular objects
-Protractors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 75
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-Scissors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Calculating the area of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the area of a circle
-Apply the formula for area of a circle
-Value the importance of circular areas

-Draw a circle on a graph paper
-Estimate its area by counting squares
-Calculate area using the formula A = πr²
-Compare the estimated and calculated areas

How do we use area in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 77
-Graph paper
-Pair of compasses

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of a circle in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of circular area in real-life contexts
-Calculate areas of circular objects
-Show interest in circular areas

-Discuss and work out areas of different circles
-Measure radius and calculate area
-Solve real-life problems involving circular area

How do we apply knowledge of circular area?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 79
-Circular objects
-Measuring tools

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of a sector
Area - Working out the area of a sector in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the area of a sector of a circle
-Apply the formula for sector area
-Appreciate sectors in everyday objects

-Use cut-outs of sectors from locally available materials
-Express the angle of sector as a fraction of 360°
-Calculate sector area using the formula
-Relate the angle of the sector to the area of the circle

How do we calculate the area of a sector?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 80
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-Protractors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 81
-Sector models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of cubes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the surface area of cubes
-Apply the formula for cube surface area
-Value the importance of surface area

-Use a model of a cube to identify faces
-Measure edges and calculate face areas
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Apply the formula for cube surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a cube?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 82
-Cube models
-Measuring tools

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the surface area of cuboids
-Apply the formula for cuboid surface area
-Show interest in cuboid measurements

-Use a model of a cuboid to identify faces
-Identify pairs of faces with equal dimensions
-Calculate area of each pair of faces
-Apply the formula for cuboid surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a cuboid?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 84
-Cuboid models
-Measuring tools

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of cylinders
Area - Working out the surface area of triangular prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the surface area of cylinders
-Apply the formula for cylinder surface area
-Appreciate cylinders in everyday life

-Make a paper model of a cylinder
-Open the model to identify faces
-Calculate area of circular ends and curved face
-Apply the formula for cylinder surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a cylinder?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 86
-Cylindrical objects
-Paper
-Scissors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 87
-Triangular prism models
-Measuring tools

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of irregular shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the area of irregular shapes using square grids
-Estimate areas by counting grid squares
-Value the importance of area estimation

-Trace irregular shaped objects on square grids
-Count complete and partial squares
-Estimate areas by adding complete squares and half of partial squares
-Compare estimated areas with regular shapes

How do we determine the area of irregular shapes?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 88
-Square grid paper
-Irregular objects
-Tracing paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - Identifying interest and principal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify interest and principal in real-life situations
-Differentiate between principal and interest
-Show interest in financial terms

-Visit or invite resource persons from financial institutions
-Discuss how money is deposited and borrowed
-Gather information on principal and interest
-Identify principal and interest in various scenarios

What is interest in money?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 89
-Financial brochures
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Calculating simple interest
Money - More on simple interest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate simple interest in real-life situations
-Apply the formula for simple interest
-Value the importance of interest calculations

-Identify principal, rate, and time in scenarios
-Apply the formula I = PRT/100
-Solve problems involving simple interest
-Discuss terms of interest on deposits

What is interest in money?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 91
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 92

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - Calculating compound interest for one year

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate compound interest for one year
-Understand the concept of compounding
-Appreciate the impact of compounding

-Calculate interest for the first year
-Find the total amount at the end of the year
-Compare simple and compound interest for one year
-Discuss the effect of compounding

How does compound interest differ from simple interest?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 93
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - Calculating compound interest for two years

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate compound interest for two years
-Apply step-by-step calculation method
-Show interest in long-term investments

-Calculate interest for the first year and new principal
-Calculate interest for the second year
-Find the total compound interest
-Discuss the growth of investments

How do we pay for goods on hire purchase?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 94
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Calculating compound interest for three years
Money - Working out appreciation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate compound interest for three years
-Apply step-by-step calculation method
-Value long-term financial planning

-Calculate interest year by year
-Find total compound interest over three years
-Compare with simple interest
-Discuss the advantages of compound interest

How does compound interest grow over time?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 95
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 96

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - Working out depreciation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out depreciation of value
-Apply depreciation calculations to assets
-Understand depreciation in financial planning

-Research meaning of depreciation
-List items that depreciate in value
-Calculate value after depreciation
-Discuss impact of depreciation on investments

How do we calculate depreciation of value?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 97
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - Working out hire purchase

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out hire purchase costs
-Compare cash price and hire purchase price
-Make informed financial decisions

-Visit shops with hire purchase options or use digital resources
-Gather information on deposit, cash price, and installments
-Calculate total hire purchase cost
-Compare with cash price and determine the extra cost

How do we pay for goods on hire purchase?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 98
-Calculator
-Brochures from shops
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of parallel lines
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of parallel lines using a set square

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct parallel lines using a pair of compasses
-Apply parallel line construction in real-life situations
-Show interest in constructing parallel lines

-Draw line AB and point C above the line
-With C as center and radius length AB, draw an arc above line AB
-With B as center and radius length AC, draw an arc to cut the first arc at D
-Join C to D to form a line parallel to AB

How do we construct polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 100
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Drawing paper
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 103
-Set square

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of perpendicular lines from a point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct perpendicular lines from a point to a given line
-Apply perpendicular construction in solving problems
-Show interest in perpendicular lines

-Draw line AB and point M
-With M as center and suitable radius, construct two arcs to cut AB at C and D
-Using C and D as centers and suitable radius, construct two arcs on the opposite side to intersect at E
-Join M to E through point F on the line

How do we construct perpendicular lines?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 104
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Drawing paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of perpendicular lines through a point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct perpendicular lines through a point on a given line
-Apply perpendicular construction in solving problems
-Value the use of perpendicular lines

-Draw line EF and point G on the line
-Using G as center and suitable radius, draw two arcs to cut EF at A and B
-With A and B as centers and using the same radius, construct two pairs of intersecting arcs on either side of EF
-Join C to D to form a perpendicular line through G

What is the relationship between perpendicular lines?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 105
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Drawing paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Dividing a line proportionally
Geometrical Constructions - Identifying angle properties of polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Divide a line proportionally
-Apply proportional division in solving problems
-Show interest in proportional division

-Draw lines AB and AC of convenient lengths
-Mark five equal intervals from A along AC
-Join the last point to B
-Draw lines parallel to this line through the other points
-Mark the points where these parallel lines cut AB

How do we divide a line proportionally?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 106
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Set square
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 108
-Polygon models
-Protractor
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular triangle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct a regular triangle
-Apply triangle construction in real-life situations
-Value the use of regular triangles

-Construct line PQ of required length
-Using P and Q as centers and radius equal to side length, construct two arcs intersecting at R
-Join P to R and Q to R
-Measure the angles to confirm they are all 60°

How do we construct regular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 112
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular quadrilateral

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct a regular quadrilateral (square)
-Apply square construction in real-life situations
-Show interest in regular quadrilaterals

-Draw line AB of required length
-Construct perpendicular lines at A and B
-With A as center and radius equal to side length, mark point D on the perpendicular
-With B as center and radius equal to side length, mark point C on the perpendicular
-Join D to C to complete the square

What are the applications of regular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 113
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Set square

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular pentagon
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular hexagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate interior angles of a regular pentagon
-Construct a regular pentagon
-Value the use of regular pentagons

-Find the size of each interior angle of the pentagon (108°)
-Draw line AB of required length
-Using B as center and radius equal to side length, locate C such that angle ABC is 108°
-Continue the process to locate D and E
-Join A to E to complete the pentagon

How are interior angles related to the number of sides?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 114
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 115

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of irregular polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct irregular polygons
-Apply irregular polygon construction in real-life situations
-Value the use of irregular polygons

-Given the measurements of sides and angles, draw the first side
-Use measurements to construct each subsequent side and angle
-Complete the polygon by joining the last vertex to the first
-Verify measurements of all sides and angles

How do we construct irregular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 117
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of circles passing through vertices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct circles passing through the vertices of a triangle
-Find the center and radius of the circle
-Show interest in circumcircles

-Draw the triangle ABC
-Construct perpendicular bisectors of AB and AC
-Determine the point of intersection O (circumcenter)
-With O as center and radius OA, draw a circle
-Verify that the circle passes through all vertices

What is the relationship between a triangle and its circumcircle?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 123
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing and labeling a Cartesian plane
Coordinates and Graphs - Identifying points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a labelled Cartesian plane
-Identify different parts of the Cartesian plane
-Show interest in Cartesian planes

-Draw a horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis
-Mark the origin where the axes intersect
-Use a scale to mark positive and negative values on both axes
-Label the axes and quadrants

How do we plot coordinates on a Cartesian plane?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 128
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 129
-Cartesian plane charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Plotting points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plot points on the Cartesian plane
-Apply coordinate plotting in real-life situations
-Show interest in coordinate systems

-Draw a Cartesian plane with appropriate scale
-Given ordered pairs, locate the x-coordinate on the x-axis
-Locate the y-coordinate on the y-axis
-Mark the point where the vertical and horizontal lines from these coordinates meet

Why are coordinates important in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 130
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Generating table of values for linear equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Generate table of values for a linear equation
-Substitute values in equations
-Value the relationship between variables

-Given linear equations, select appropriate x-values
-Substitute each x-value into the equation to find corresponding y-value
-Record the ordered pairs in a table
-Verify that the pairs satisfy the original equation

Where do we use linear graphs in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 131
-Exercise books
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Determining appropriate scale
Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Determine an appropriate scale for a linear equation
-Convert actual values to scale values
-Show interest in scale selection

-Analyze the range of x and y values in the table
-Choose a scale that allows all points to fit on the graph paper
-Convert actual values to appropriate scale values
-Discuss the importance of suitable scales

How do we choose an appropriate scale?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 133
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 135
-Ruler
-Pencil

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw linear graphs for different equations
-Identify key features of linear graphs
-Show interest in graphical representations

-Generate tables of values for different linear equations
-Plot the points on a Cartesian plane
-Draw the lines representing the equations
-Discuss the gradient and y-intercept of each line

How does changing the equation affect the graph?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 136
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve simultaneous equations graphically
-Identify the point of intersection
-Value graphical solutions

-Generate tables of values for two linear equations
-Plot both equations on the same Cartesian plane
-Identify the point of intersection
-Verify that the coordinates satisfy both equations

How can we solve equations using graphs?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 137
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (II)
Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve more complex simultaneous equations
-Determine accurate solutions from graphs
-Show interest in solution techniques

-Generate tables of values for equations with different forms
-Plot both equations on the same Cartesian plane
-Identify the point of intersection with precision
-Interpret the meaning of the solution

What are the advantages of graphical solutions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 138
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 140
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve complex real-life problems using graphs
-Interpret solutions in context
-Show interest in practical applications

-Analyze complex word problems involving costs, quantities, etc.
-Form appropriate simultaneous equations
-Solve graphically and interpret the solution
-Discuss the practical implications of the solution

How can graphs help us make decisions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 141
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving practical problems using graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve practical problems using graphs
-Make decisions based on graphical solutions
-Appreciate graphical problem-solving

-Study practical problems from different contexts
-Model the problems using simultaneous equations
-Solve graphically and analyze the solutions
-Compare graphical solutions with algebraic methods

Why are graphs useful in problem-solving?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 142
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests