Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Factorization of algebraic expressions
Algebraic Expressions - Factorization using the HCF

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify like terms in algebraic expressions
-Find the highest common factor of terms in expressions
-Show interest in learning algebraic expressions

-Discuss and identify like and unlike terms in expressions
-Find the highest common factor of terms in algebraic expressions
-Write algebraic expressions for real-life situations

How do we factorize algebraic expressions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 56
-Algebra tiles
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 57

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Add algebraic fractions
-Subtract algebraic fractions
-Show interest in working with algebraic fractions

-Discuss and use the correct methods to add algebraic fractions
-Find the LCM of denominators in algebraic fractions
-Practice addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions

How do we simplify algebraic expressions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 58
-Algebra charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Simplification of algebraic fractions by factorization
Algebraic Expressions - Evaluating algebraic expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Simplify algebraic fractions by factorization
-Use factorization to simplify complex fractions
-Appreciate the use of factorization in simplification

-Write numerator and denominator as products of factors
-Identify and cancel common factors
-Simplify algebraic fractions using factorization

How do we simplify algebraic fractions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 59
-Algebra charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 60

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Applications of algebraic expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply algebraic expressions in real-life situations
-Form expressions from word problems
-Value the importance of algebraic expressions

-Form algebraic expressions from real-life situations
-Evaluate expressions for given values
-Use IT to practice algebraic expressions

How do we apply algebraic expressions in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 61
-Digital resources
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Linear Equations - Forming linear equations in two unknowns
Linear Equations - Forming related linear equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Form linear equations in two unknowns
-Translate word problems into equations
-Show interest in linear equations

-Role play activities such as shopping on two different items to form linear equations
-Represent price of items using letters
-Form equations from real-life situations

How do we solve linear equations in two unknowns?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 62
-Shop setup materials
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 64

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - Solving linear equations by substitution method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve linear equations using substitution method
-Apply the method to solve simultaneous equations
-Show interest in using substitution method

-Express one unknown in terms of the other
-Substitute the expression in the other equation
-Practice solving equations using substitution method

How do we solve linear equations in two unknowns?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 66
-Equation charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - More on substitution method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply substitution method to various equations
-Solve complex simultaneous equations
-Appreciate the substitution method

-Solve different types of linear equations using substitution
-Apply substitution method to practical problems
-Compare solutions with other methods

How do we apply substitution method to different equations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 67
-Equation charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Linear Equations - Solving linear equations by elimination method
Linear Equations - More on elimination method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve linear equations using elimination method
-Apply the method to solve simultaneous equations
-Show interest in using elimination method

-Multiply equations by suitable numbers to make coefficients equal
-Eliminate one unknown by addition or subtraction
-Practice solving equations using elimination method

How do we solve linear equations by elimination?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 68
-Equation charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 70

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - Applying linear equations in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply linear equations to real-life situations
-Solve word problems using simultaneous equations
-Recognize use of linear equations in real life

-Practice forming and solving simultaneous equations from real-life cases
-Apply appropriate methods to solve problems
-Watch videos involving linear equations in real life

Where do we use linear equations in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 70
-Internet access
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Problem-solving tasks

Measurements

Circles - Working out the circumference of a circle
Circles - Working out the circumference of circles in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the circumference of a circle
-Apply the formula for circumference in calculations
-Show interest in learning about circles

-Wrap a paper strip around a cylinder and mark the start and end points
-Measure the distance between the marked points
-Calculate circumference using the formula C = πd
-Solve real-life problems involving circumference

How do we determine the circumference of a circle?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 71
-Circular objects
-Measuring tape or ruler
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 73
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Circles - Working out the length of an arc

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the length of an arc of a circle
-Apply the formula for arc length in calculations
-Show interest in arc lengths

-Draw a circle and cut it out
-Fold the cut-out into four equal parts
-Relate the arc length to the circumference
-Calculate arc length using the formula
-Use cut-outs to relate arc length to the circumference

How do we determine the length of an arc of a circle?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 73
-Paper
-Pair of compasses

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Circles - Working out the length of an arc in real life
Circles - Calculating the perimeter of a sector

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of arc length in real-life contexts
-Calculate arc lengths in various scenarios
-Appreciate the use of arcs in daily life

-Calculate arc lengths for different angles
-Solve real-life problems involving arc lengths
-Discuss practical applications of arc lengths

How do we use arcs in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 74
-Circular objects
-Protractors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 75
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-Scissors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Calculating the area of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the area of a circle
-Apply the formula for area of a circle
-Value the importance of circular areas

-Draw a circle on a graph paper
-Estimate its area by counting squares
-Calculate area using the formula A = πr²
-Compare the estimated and calculated areas

How do we use area in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 77
-Graph paper
-Pair of compasses

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of a circle in real life
Area - Working out the area of a sector

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of circular area in real-life contexts
-Calculate areas of circular objects
-Show interest in circular areas

-Discuss and work out areas of different circles
-Measure radius and calculate area
-Solve real-life problems involving circular area

How do we apply knowledge of circular area?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 79
-Circular objects
-Measuring tools
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 80
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-Protractors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of a sector in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of sector area in real-life contexts
-Calculate sector areas in various scenarios
-Show interest in sector applications

-Calculate sector areas for different angles
-Solve real-life problems involving sector areas
-Discuss practical applications of sectors

How do we use sectors in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 81
-Sector models
-Protractors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of cubes
Area - Working out the surface area of cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the surface area of cubes
-Apply the formula for cube surface area
-Value the importance of surface area

-Use a model of a cube to identify faces
-Measure edges and calculate face areas
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Apply the formula for cube surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a cube?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 82
-Cube models
-Measuring tools
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 84
-Cuboid models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of cylinders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the surface area of cylinders
-Apply the formula for cylinder surface area
-Appreciate cylinders in everyday life

-Make a paper model of a cylinder
-Open the model to identify faces
-Calculate area of circular ends and curved face
-Apply the formula for cylinder surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a cylinder?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 86
-Cylindrical objects
-Paper
-Scissors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of triangular prisms
Area - Working out the area of irregular shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Determine the surface area of triangular prisms
-Apply the formula for triangular prism surface area
-Show interest in prism measurements

-Use a model of triangular prism to identify faces
-Calculate areas of triangular faces and rectangular faces
-Find the sum of all face areas
-Apply the formula for triangular prism surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a triangular prism?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 87
-Triangular prism models
-Measuring tools
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 88
-Square grid paper
-Irregular objects
-Tracing paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Identifying interest and principal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify interest and principal in real-life situations
-Differentiate between principal and interest
-Show interest in financial terms

-Visit or invite resource persons from financial institutions
-Discuss how money is deposited and borrowed
-Gather information on principal and interest
-Identify principal and interest in various scenarios

What is interest in money?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 89
-Financial brochures
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Calculating simple interest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate simple interest in real-life situations
-Apply the formula for simple interest
-Value the importance of interest calculations

-Identify principal, rate, and time in scenarios
-Apply the formula I = PRT/100
-Solve problems involving simple interest
-Discuss terms of interest on deposits

What is interest in money?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 91
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - More on simple interest
Money - Calculating compound interest for one year

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve complex problems involving simple interest
-Find unknown values in interest calculations
-Show interest in financial calculations

-Calculate unknown principal, rate, or time given other values
-Apply simple interest formula in reverse
-Solve real-life problems involving simple interest

How do we calculate simple interest for different time periods?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 92
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 93

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Calculating compound interest for two years

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate compound interest for two years
-Apply step-by-step calculation method
-Show interest in long-term investments

-Calculate interest for the first year and new principal
-Calculate interest for the second year
-Find the total compound interest
-Discuss the growth of investments

How do we pay for goods on hire purchase?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 94
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Calculating compound interest for three years
Money - Working out appreciation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate compound interest for three years
-Apply step-by-step calculation method
-Value long-term financial planning

-Calculate interest year by year
-Find total compound interest over three years
-Compare with simple interest
-Discuss the advantages of compound interest

How does compound interest grow over time?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 95
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 96

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - Working out depreciation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out depreciation of value
-Apply depreciation calculations to assets
-Understand depreciation in financial planning

-Research meaning of depreciation
-List items that depreciate in value
-Calculate value after depreciation
-Discuss impact of depreciation on investments

How do we calculate depreciation of value?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 97
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements
Geometry

Money - Working out hire purchase
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of parallel lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out hire purchase costs
-Compare cash price and hire purchase price
-Make informed financial decisions

-Visit shops with hire purchase options or use digital resources
-Gather information on deposit, cash price, and installments
-Calculate total hire purchase cost
-Compare with cash price and determine the extra cost

How do we pay for goods on hire purchase?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 98
-Calculator
-Brochures from shops
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 100
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Drawing paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of parallel lines using a set square

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct parallel lines using a set square and ruler
-Apply construction in real-life situations
-Value the importance of parallel lines

-Draw line ST and point P above the line
-Place one of the shorter edges of a set square along ST
-Put a ruler along the other edge of the set square to touch P
-Slide the set square along the ruler towards P
-Draw a straight line along the edge to create a parallel line

Where do we use polygons in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 103
-Set square
-Ruler
-Drawing paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of perpendicular lines from a point
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of perpendicular lines through a point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct perpendicular lines from a point to a given line
-Apply perpendicular construction in solving problems
-Show interest in perpendicular lines

-Draw line AB and point M
-With M as center and suitable radius, construct two arcs to cut AB at C and D
-Using C and D as centers and suitable radius, construct two arcs on the opposite side to intersect at E
-Join M to E through point F on the line

How do we construct perpendicular lines?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 104
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Drawing paper
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 105

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Dividing a line proportionally

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Divide a line proportionally
-Apply proportional division in solving problems
-Show interest in proportional division

-Draw lines AB and AC of convenient lengths
-Mark five equal intervals from A along AC
-Join the last point to B
-Draw lines parallel to this line through the other points
-Mark the points where these parallel lines cut AB

How do we divide a line proportionally?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 106
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Set square

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Identifying angle properties of polygons
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular triangle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify angle properties of polygons
-Calculate interior and exterior angles
-Show interest in polygon properties

-Discuss the relationship between the sum of interior angles and number of sides
-Fill in a table showing the sum of interior angles for different polygons
-Relate the number of right angles to the number of sides
-Calculate individual angles in regular polygons

What are the properties of different polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 108
-Polygon models
-Protractor
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 112
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular quadrilateral

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct a regular quadrilateral (square)
-Apply square construction in real-life situations
-Show interest in regular quadrilaterals

-Draw line AB of required length
-Construct perpendicular lines at A and B
-With A as center and radius equal to side length, mark point D on the perpendicular
-With B as center and radius equal to side length, mark point C on the perpendicular
-Join D to C to complete the square

What are the applications of regular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 113
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Set square

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular pentagon
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular hexagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate interior angles of a regular pentagon
-Construct a regular pentagon
-Value the use of regular pentagons

-Find the size of each interior angle of the pentagon (108°)
-Draw line AB of required length
-Using B as center and radius equal to side length, locate C such that angle ABC is 108°
-Continue the process to locate D and E
-Join A to E to complete the pentagon

How are interior angles related to the number of sides?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 114
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 115

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of irregular polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct irregular polygons
-Apply irregular polygon construction in real-life situations
-Value the use of irregular polygons

-Given the measurements of sides and angles, draw the first side
-Use measurements to construct each subsequent side and angle
-Complete the polygon by joining the last vertex to the first
-Verify measurements of all sides and angles

How do we construct irregular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 117
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of circles passing through vertices
Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing and labeling a Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct circles passing through the vertices of a triangle
-Find the center and radius of the circle
-Show interest in circumcircles

-Draw the triangle ABC
-Construct perpendicular bisectors of AB and AC
-Determine the point of intersection O (circumcenter)
-With O as center and radius OA, draw a circle
-Verify that the circle passes through all vertices

What is the relationship between a triangle and its circumcircle?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 123
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 128
-Graph paper
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Identifying points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify points on the Cartesian plane
-Read coordinates of points
-Value the Cartesian coordinate system

-Study points plotted on the Cartesian plane
-Identify the ordered pairs (x,y) for each point
-Discuss how to read coordinates of points in different quadrants
-Write coordinates of given points

What do coordinates tell us about a point's location?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 129
-Graph paper
-Cartesian plane charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Plotting points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plot points on the Cartesian plane
-Apply coordinate plotting in real-life situations
-Show interest in coordinate systems

-Draw a Cartesian plane with appropriate scale
-Given ordered pairs, locate the x-coordinate on the x-axis
-Locate the y-coordinate on the y-axis
-Mark the point where the vertical and horizontal lines from these coordinates meet

Why are coordinates important in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 130
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Generating table of values for linear equations
Coordinates and Graphs - Determining appropriate scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Generate table of values for a linear equation
-Substitute values in equations
-Value the relationship between variables

-Given linear equations, select appropriate x-values
-Substitute each x-value into the equation to find corresponding y-value
-Record the ordered pairs in a table
-Verify that the pairs satisfy the original equation

Where do we use linear graphs in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 131
-Exercise books
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 133
-Graph paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a linear graph from table of values
-Plot points accurately
-Value the use of linear graphs

-Draw a Cartesian plane with an appropriate scale
-Plot the points from the table of values
-Join the points with a straight line using a ruler
-Verify that the line passes through all the plotted points

What information can we derive from linear graphs?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 135
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Pencil

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (II)
Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw linear graphs for different equations
-Identify key features of linear graphs
-Show interest in graphical representations

-Generate tables of values for different linear equations
-Plot the points on a Cartesian plane
-Draw the lines representing the equations
-Discuss the gradient and y-intercept of each line

How does changing the equation affect the graph?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 136
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 137

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve more complex simultaneous equations
-Determine accurate solutions from graphs
-Show interest in solution techniques

-Generate tables of values for equations with different forms
-Plot both equations on the same Cartesian plane
-Identify the point of intersection with precision
-Interpret the meaning of the solution

What are the advantages of graphical solutions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 138
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (I)
Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply simultaneous equations in real-life problems
-Form equations from word problems
-Value real-life applications

-Translate word problems into linear equations
-Generate tables of values for the equations
-Draw the graphs and find the point of intersection
-Interpret the solution in the context of the problem

Where do we use simultaneous equations in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 140
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 141

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving practical problems using graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve practical problems using graphs
-Make decisions based on graphical solutions
-Appreciate graphical problem-solving

-Study practical problems from different contexts
-Model the problems using simultaneous equations
-Solve graphically and analyze the solutions
-Compare graphical solutions with algebraic methods

Why are graphs useful in problem-solving?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 142
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests