Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Model the atomic structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Model the atomic structure of selected elements
- Label different parts of the atomic models
- Show creativity in modeling atomic structures

- Construct models of atomic structures
- Label different parts of the models
- Present models to class for assessment

What materials can be used to create effective atomic models?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 9
- Locally available materials
- Glue, scissors, colored papers
- Markers and labels

- Observation - Project assessment - Peer evaluation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Physical properties of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test for the odor of water
- Test for the taste of water
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Smell water samples using correct technique
- Taste water samples (safe samples only)
- Record observations

What makes water tasteless and odorless?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 27
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Test tubes
- Droppers
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 28
- Beaker, thermometer
- Heat source
- Tripod stand, clamp
- Distilled water

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare lathering abilities of different water samples
- Test water samples with soap
- Classify water as hard or soft

- Test lathering ability of water samples
- Observe formation of lather
- Group water samples based on lathering

How is the lathering ability of water related to hardness?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 29
- Water samples
- Liquid soap
- Test tubes with corks
- Droppers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define hard and soft water
- Explain the causes of water hardness
- Show interest in water hardness

- Distinguish between temporary and permanent hardness
- Identify the compounds that cause hardness
- Show interest in types of water hardness

- Search for information on hard and soft water
- Discuss causes of water hardness
- Present findings to class
- Discuss types of water hardness
- Identify compounds causing hardness
- Present findings to class

What causes water to be hard?
What is the difference between temporary and permanent hardness?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 29
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Water samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 30
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Hard water samples
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline disadvantages of hard water
- Explain problems caused by hard water
- Appreciate the importance of understanding water hardness

- Research disadvantages of hard water
- Discuss effects on soap usage and appliances
- Present findings to class

What problems are associated with hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 31
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Scaled kettle elements

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of softening hard water
- Explain principles behind different methods
- Show interest in water treatment

- Research methods of softening hard water
- Discuss various softening methods
- Present findings to class

What methods can be used to soften hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 32
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by boiling
- Test the effectiveness of boiling
- Show interest in water treatment

- Boil samples of hard water
- Test water before and after boiling
- Compare results

How effective is boiling in softening hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 32
- Calcium hydrogen carbonate solution
- Soap solution
- Heat source
- Test tubes
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 33
- Sodium carbonate
- Filter paper and funnel

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by distillation
- Test the effectiveness of distillation
- Show interest in water treatment

- Compare different methods of softening water
- Evaluate the effectiveness of each method
- Show interest in water treatment

- Set up distillation apparatus
- Distill hard water samples
- Test water before and after distillation
- Compare results from different softening methods
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of each method
- Present findings to class

How effective is distillation in softening hard water?
Which method of softening water is most effective?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 34
- Round-bottomed flask
- Liebig condenser
- Heat source
- Hard water samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 35
- Previous experimental results
- Reference books
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Living Things and Their Environment

Water Hardness - Review and assessment
Nutrition in plants - Parts of a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about water hardness
- Attempt questions on water hardness
- Show confidence in understanding water hardness

- Review key concepts
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems

Why is understanding water hardness important in daily life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 36
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 64)
- Hand lens
- Variety of fresh leaves
- Labelled charts of a leaf

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the internal structures of a leaf
- Draw and label the internal structure of a leaf
- Show interest in the internal structure of the leaf

- Observe prepared slides of transverse sections of a leaf under a light microscope
- Identify various structures in the sections observed
- Draw and label the internal structure of the leaf

How does the internal structure of a leaf relate to its function?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 65)
- Prepared slides of leaf sections
- Light microscope
- Charts of leaf TS

- Drawing skills - Observation checklist - Written questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of different parts of a leaf
- Explain the role of each part in photosynthesis
- Appreciate the structure-function relationship in leaves

- Discuss the functions of different parts of a leaf and their roles in photosynthesis
- Use charts and digital media to reinforce understanding of leaf functions
- Share findings with peers

How are the different parts of a leaf adapted to their functions?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 66)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing leaf structures

- Oral questions - Written assessment - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Structure and function of chloroplast
Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis
- Relate leaf adaptations to their functions
- Appreciate how adaptations enhance photosynthesis

- Explain the process of photosynthesis
- Identify raw materials and products of photosynthesis
- Appreciate the importance of photosynthesis

- Search Internet or offline digital content for information on adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis
- Discuss how leaf features maximize photosynthesis
- Share findings with peers
- Discuss pictorial summaries of photosynthesis
- Describe the light and dark stages of photosynthesis
- Discuss raw materials and their sources

How are leaves adapted to carry out photosynthesis efficiently?
What happens during the process of photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 67)
- Digital resources
- Wall charts on leaf adaptations
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 68)
- Charts of chloroplast structure
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 69)
- Digital resources
- Charts on photosynthesis

- Oral questions - Written assessment - Observation
- Written test - Oral questions - Diagrams

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Light and dark reactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis
- Describe the dark stage (carbon fixation) of photosynthesis
- Show interest in the stages of photosynthesis

- Discuss the reactions in light-dependent stage of photosynthesis
- Discuss the carbon fixation process in the dark stage
- Use charts and animations to enhance understanding

How do the light and dark stages differ in photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 70)
- Digital resources
- Charts on photosynthesis stages

- Written questions - Oral assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Products of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Gas produced during photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify products of photosynthesis
- Explain how products are formed and stored
- Appreciate the value of photosynthetic products

- Discuss the products of photosynthesis using reference materials
- Explain how each organic food substance is produced and stored
- Make notes on findings

What are the products of photosynthesis and how are they important?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 71)
- Charts on photosynthesis
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 72)
- Water plants (Elodea)
- Test tubes, beakers
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate

- Written test - Oral assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch in a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the test for starch in a leaf
- Perform the starch test on a leaf
- Show interest in experimental procedures

- Take a green leaf exposed to light for 5 hours
- Follow the procedure for testing starch in a leaf
- Observe and record results

How can we test for the presence of starch in a leaf?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 73)
- Fresh leaves
- Iodine solution
- Methylated spirit, hot water

- Practical skills - Written reports - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Conditions necessary for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Investigating light in photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Investigating carbon(IV) oxide in photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Explain the role of different factors in photosynthesis
- Show interest in factors affecting photosynthesis

- Investigate the necessity of light in photosynthesis
- Explain why light is essential for photosynthesis
- Show experimental skills in investigating photosynthesis

- Search for information on conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Discuss the role of light, carbon(IV) oxide, chlorophyll, and water
- Share findings with class
- Cover one leaf of a potted plant with light-proof material
- Place plant in dark for 48 hours then in light for 2-3 hours
- Test covered and uncovered leaves for starch

What conditions are necessary for photosynthesis to occur?
Why is light necessary for photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 74)
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 75)
- Potted plant
- Light-proof material
- Iodine solution
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 76)
- Conical flask, cork
- Sodium hydroxide pellets

- Written questions - Oral assessment - Observation
- Practical skills - Written reports - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Investigating chlorophyll in photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the necessity of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
- Explain the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
- Show interest in experimental approach

- Use a plant with variegated leaves
- Expose to light after destarching
- Test the leaf for starch
- Observe distribution of starch in green and non-green parts

Why is chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 77)
- Plant with variegated leaves
- Iodine solution
- Methylated spirit

- Practical skills - Written reports - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Investigating water in photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the necessity of water in photosynthesis
- Explain how water shortage affects plant growth
- Design a project to compare plants under different water conditions

- Study photographs of plants exposed to different moisture conditions
- Discuss characteristics of each group of plants
- Design a simple investigation on water requirements

How does water availability affect photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 78)
- Photographs of plants under different water conditions
- Digital resources

- Project design - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis
Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of photosynthesis in nature
- Describe how photosynthetic products support life
- Appreciate the value of photosynthesis in ecosystems

- Discuss the importance of photosynthesis under various headings
- Explain the significance of products of photosynthesis
- Discuss environmental importance of photosynthesis

Why is photosynthesis important in nature?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 79)
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 80)
- Charts on animal nutrition

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Dentition in animals
Nutrition in animals - Types and structure of teeth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define dentition
- Differentiate between homodont and heterodont dentition
- Show interest in animal dentition

- Identify different types of teeth
- Describe the structure of teeth
- Appreciate the relationship between structure and function in teeth

- Observe specimens or models of different types of teeth
- Identify homodont and heterodont dentition
- Draw and label diagrams of different teeth types
- Examine models or specimens of different teeth types
- Draw and label external and internal structure of teeth
- Discuss functions of different teeth parts

What is dentition?
How are teeth adapted to their functions?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 81)
- Models of animal teeth
- Digital resources
- Charts of teeth
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 82)
- Models of teeth
- Digital resources
- Charts of teeth

- Drawings - Written questions - Oral assessment
- Drawings - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Functions of different teeth
Nutrition in animals - Classification based on dentition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe functions of different types of teeth
- Relate teeth structure to their functions
- Show interest in adaptations of teeth

- Discuss functions of teeth using specimens or models
- Identify adaptations of teeth to their functions
- Share findings with peers

How do the different types of teeth function during feeding?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 83)
- Models of teeth
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 84)
- Specimens or models of animal jaws

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify dentition of herbivores, carnivores and omnivores
- Explain adaptations of teeth to different feeding habits
- Show interest in relationship between dentition and diet

- Study jaws of herbivores, carnivores and omnivores
- Identify adaptations of teeth to feeding habits
- Discuss dental formula of different animal groups

How does dentition reflect the feeding habits of animals?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 85)
- Models or specimens of animal jaws
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Practical skills

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Digestive system in humans

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of the human digestive system
- Draw and label the digestive system
- Appreciate the organization of the digestive system

- Study charts on human digestive system
- Identify parts of the digestive system
- Draw and label the system

What are the main parts of the human digestive system?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 86)
- Charts of digestive system
- Models
- Digital resources

- Drawings - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion
Nutrition in animals - Absorption and assimilation
Reproduction in plants - Functions of parts of a flower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of digestion along the alimentary canal
- Describe the role of digestive juices and enzymes
- Show interest in the digestive process

- Describe the process of absorption in the ileum
- Explain the process of assimilation of nutrients
- Appreciate the efficiency of the digestive system

- Search for information on digestion in the alimentary canal
- Discuss digestion in the mouth, stomach, duodenum and ileum
- Watch animations on the digestive process
- Discuss adaptations of the ileum to absorption
- Draw and label the structure of a villus
- Discuss fate of absorbed food substances

How does the process of digestion occur?
How are digested food substances absorbed and utilized?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 87)
- Digital resources
- Charts of digestive process
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 88)
- Charts of villi structure
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 86)
- Fresh flowers
- Hand lens
- Charts of flower structure

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation
- Written assessment - Drawings - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define pollination
- Differentiate between self and cross-pollination
- Appreciate the importance of pollination

- Discuss the meaning of pollination
- Distinguish between self and cross-pollination
- Illustrate different types of pollination

What is pollination and why is it important?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 87)
- Digital resources
- Charts on pollination

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to insect pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of insect-pollinated flowers
- Explain adaptations of flowers to insect pollination
- Show interest in flower adaptations

- Examine an insect-pollinated flower
- Record color, scent, size of flower
- Discuss adaptations to insect pollination

How are flowers adapted to insect pollination?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 88)
- Insect-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens
- Charts

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to wind pollination
Reproduction in plants - Field observation of pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of wind-pollinated flowers
- Explain adaptations of flowers to wind pollination
- Compare wind and insect pollination

- Examine a wind-pollinated flower
- Record structural features
- Discuss adaptations to wind pollination

How are flowers adapted to wind pollination?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 94)
- Wind-pollinated flowers (grass/maize)
- Hand lens
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 95)
- Flowers in school compound
- Camera/smartphone

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants
Reproduction in plants - Double fertilization

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe structures containing male and female gametes
- Explain the process of fertilization in flowering plants
- Appreciate sexual reproduction in plants

- Explain the process of double fertilization
- Describe formation of zygote and endosperm
- Appreciate the uniqueness of flowering plant reproduction

- Search for information on fertilization in plants
- Study diagrams of pollen grains and embryo sacs
- Discuss pollen tube growth and fertilization
- Search for animations on double fertilization
- Discuss the fusion of nuclei in the embryo sac
- Make a model of double fertilization

How does fertilization occur in flowering plants?
What happens during double fertilization?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 96)
- Digital resources
- Charts on plant fertilization
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 97)
- Digital resources
- Charts on double fertilization

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Drawings
- Model making - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit formation
Reproduction in plants - Types of fruits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the process of fruit formation
- Explain development of ovary into fruit
- Show interest in post-fertilization changes

- Search for information on fruit formation
- Discuss events in fruit development
- Draw labeled diagrams of fruits

How does a fruit develop after fertilization?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 98)
- Digital resources
- Various fruits
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 99)
- Knife/scalpel
- Specimen dishes

- Drawings - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe different methods of dispersal
- Appreciate adaptations for dispersal

- Collect fruits and seeds from different plants
- Observe external features
- Group fruits according to dispersal methods

How are fruits and seeds dispersed?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 102)
- Various fruits and seeds
- Hand lens
- Specimen dishes

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Animals as dispersal agents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify fruits dispersed by animals
- Explain adaptations for animal dispersal
- Show interest in plant-animal interactions

- Observe fruits adapted for animal dispersal
- Identify hooks, edible parts, and other adaptations
- Discuss the role of animals in seed dispersal

How are fruits adapted for dispersal by animals?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 106)
- Fruits with hooks (black jack)
- Succulent fruits
- Hand lens

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Water as a dispersal agent
Reproduction in plants - Wind as a dispersal agent
Reproduction in plants - Self-dispersal mechanism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify fruits dispersed by water
- Explain adaptations for water dispersal
- Appreciate plant-environment interactions

- Describe explosive dispersal mechanism
- Explain adaptations for self-dispersal
- Appreciate diversity in dispersal methods

- Observe fruits adapted for water dispersal
- Identify buoyancy adaptations
- Discuss features of water-dispersed fruits
- Observe fruits with explosive dispersal
- Identify legumes and other explosive fruits
- Discuss explosive mechanism process

How are fruits adapted for dispersal by water?
How do some plants disperse their seeds without external agents?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 107)
- Coconut fruit if available
- Pictures of water-dispersed fruits
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 108)
- Wind-dispersed fruits/seeds
- Hand lens
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 109)
- Pods of legumes
- Castor oil fruits if available
- Digital resources

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Importance of dispersal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe benefits of dispersal for plant survival
- Appreciate ecological significance of dispersal

- Search for information on importance of dispersal
- Discuss colonization of new areas
- Discuss reduced competition through dispersal

Why is fruit and seed dispersal important?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 110)
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Effect of agrochemicals
Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of agrochemicals on pollinating agents
- Discuss impact on plant reproduction
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Search for information on agrochemicals
- Discuss categories of agrochemicals
- Analyze effects on pollinators and plant reproduction

How do agrochemicals affect pollination and reproduction in plants?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 111)
- Digital resources
- Charts on agrochemicals
- Reference books

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Components of the environment
The interdependence of life - Competition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ecosystem, ecology and environment
- Identify biotic and abiotic components
- Show interest in interactions in ecosystems

- Define intraspecific and interspecific competition
- Explain effects of competition on organisms
- Show interest in competitive interactions

- Study diagrams of ecosystems
- Identify living and non-living components
- Discuss relationships between organisms
- Search for information on competition in ecosystems
- Discuss effects on number and distribution of organisms
- Analyze examples of competition

What is an ecosystem?
How does competition affect organisms in an ecosystem?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 115)
- Digital resources
- Charts of ecosystems
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 116)
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation
- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Predation
The interdependence of life - Parasitism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define predation, predator and prey
- Explain adaptations of predators and prey
- Show interest in predator-prey relationships

- Search for information on predation
- Discuss adaptations of predators and prey
- Analyze predator-prey population dynamics

How does predation affect population dynamics?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 117)
- Digital resources
- Videos on predation
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 119)
- Charts on parasitism

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Symbiosis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define symbiosis
- Describe examples of symbiotic relationships
- Appreciate mutual benefits in symbiosis

- Search for information on symbiotic relationships
- Discuss root nodules, lichens, and ox-pecker relationships
- Analyze benefits to each partner

How do organisms benefit from symbiotic relationships?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 120)
- Digital resources
- Charts on symbiosis

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Saprophytism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define saprophytism
- Explain the role of saprophytes in ecosystems
- Appreciate decomposers in nutrient cycling

- Search for information on saprophytes
- Discuss bread molds, mushrooms and other decomposers
- Analyze effects on nutrient cycling

How do saprophytes contribute to ecosystem functioning?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 121)
- Digital resources
- Photographs of fungi

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Temperature effects
The interdependence of life - Light effects
The interdependence of life - Atmospheric pressure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure environmental temperature
- Explain effects of temperature on organisms
- Show interest in abiotic factors

- Define atmospheric pressure
- Explain effects of atmospheric pressure on organisms
- Show interest in pressure as an ecological factor

- Suspend thermometer to measure air temperature
- Measure soil and water temperature
- Discuss effects of temperature on organisms
- Discuss meaning of atmospheric pressure
- Explain how pressure changes with altitude
- Analyze effects on organisms

How does temperature affect living organisms?
How does atmospheric pressure affect organisms?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 122)
- Thermometers
- Water in basin
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 123)
- Light meter if available
- Secchi disc
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 124)
- Digital resources
- Barometer if available

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions
- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Humidity effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define humidity
- Explain effects of humidity on organisms
- Demonstrate measurement of humidity

- Discuss meaning of humidity
- Measure humidity using cobalt chloride paper
- Analyze effects on plants and animals

How does humidity affect organisms?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 125)
- Cobalt(II) chloride paper
- Forceps
- Stopwatch

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Wind effects
The interdependence of life - pH and salinity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define wind and explain how it is measured
- Describe effects of wind on organisms
- Show interest in wind as an ecological factor

- Discuss meaning of wind and wind parameters
- Explain effects of wind on plants and animals
- Construct simple wind measuring instruments

How does wind affect living organisms?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 126)
- Digital resources
- Materials for windsock/wind vane
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 127)
- Universal indicator paper
- Soil and water samples
- Test tubes

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Group work

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Energy flow

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain energy flow in ecosystems
- Describe trophic levels
- Appreciate energy transfer in nature

- Discuss energy flow from sun to producers and consumers
- Explain the concept of trophic levels
- Analyze energy loss between trophic levels

How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 128)
- Digital resources
- Charts on energy flow

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Food chains
The interdependence of life - Food webs
The interdependence of life - National Parks ecosystem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define food chain
- Construct simple food chains
- Show interest in feeding relationships

- Define food web
- Construct food webs from food chains
- Appreciate complexity of feeding relationships

- Observe feeding habits of organisms
- Record what each organism feeds on
- Construct food chains based on observations
- Observe feeding habits of organisms
- Construct multiple food chains
- Combine food chains into food webs

What is a food chain?
How do food chains interact to form food webs?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 129)
- Digital resources
- Charts on food chains
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 130)
- Digital resources
- Charts on food webs
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 131)
- Reference books on National Parks

- Written assessment - Food chain construction - Observation
- Food web construction - Written assessment - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Decomposers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the role of decomposers in ecosystems
- Explain nutrient cycling
- Appreciate the importance of decomposers

- Visit a compost site to observe decomposition
- Discuss the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling
- Analyze nitrogen, carbon and sulphur cycles

What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 132)
- Digital resources
- School compost site
- Hand lens

- Written assessment - Practical skills - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Human activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe effects of human activities on ecosystems
- Explain habitat change, conservation, and species introduction
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Search for information on human impacts
- Discuss habitat change, poaching, and introduced species
- Analyze conservation methods

How do human activities affect the environment?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 133)
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Written assessment - Group presentations - Debates