CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkali metals. Atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals
Ionisation energy of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Identify alkali metals.
State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals.

State changes in number of energy levels and ionisation energy of alkali metals.

Q/A to reviews elements of group I and their electronic configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Discussion & making deductions from the table.
Examine a table of elements, number of energy levels and their ionization energy.
Discuss the trend deduced from the table.

The periodic
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 28-29

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkali metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Li, Na, and K.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion on physical properties of alkali metals.

Chart ? comparative properties of Li, Na, K.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 30-31

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkali metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 32

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 33

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Compounds of alkali metals.
Uses of alkali metals.
Alkaline Earth metals Atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkali metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.

State uses of alkali metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkali metals with anions.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkali metals.

text book
text book
Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 33
K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Be, Mg, Ca.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion of physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 35

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Teacher demonstration: -
To show alkaline metals are good conductors of electric charge.

Alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 37

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen

Q/A: Review reactions of Mg, Ca, with oxygen.
The corresponding word and then chemical equations are then written and their correctness verified by the teacher.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 38

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
Reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Teacher demonstration- Reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.
Supervised practice.

Some alkaline earth metals.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 41

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.

revision book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Uses of some alkaline earth metals and their compounds.
Halogens. Physical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of alkaline earth metals.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkaline earth metals.

text book
Iodine crystals, electrical wire, a bulb.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Comparative physical properties of halogens.
Chemical properties of halogens.
Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain the trends in physical properties of halogens.
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.

Examine a comparative table of physical properties of halogens.
Discuss the deductions made from the table.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.

text book
Chlorine, iron wool, bromine.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 47
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Some uses of halogens and their compounds.
Noble Gases. Comparative physical properties of noble gases.
Uses of noble gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.
Ionic bond representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe role of valence electrons in determining chemical bonding.


Explain formation of ionic bonding.

Q/A: Review valence electrons of atoms of elements in groups I, II, III, VII and VIII.
Q/A: Review group I and group VII elements.
Discuss formation of ionic bond.

text book
Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP54




PP 57-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Grant ionic structures.
Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Covalent bond.
Co-ordinate bond.
Molecular structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the crystalline ionic compound.
Give examples of ionic substances.
To describe the co-ordinate bond
To represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

Discuss the group ionic structures of NaCl.
Teacher gives examples of other ionic substances: KNO3, potassium bromide, Ca (NO3)2, sodium iodide.
Exposition- teacher explains the nature of co-ordinate bond.
Students represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

Giant sodium chloride model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP 56-58
K.L.B. BOOK II P 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.
Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe van- der -waals forces.
To explain the trend in physical properties of molecular structures.

Discuss comparative physical properties of substances. exhibiting molecular structure.
Explain variation in the physical properties.

Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.
Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe mutual electronic forces between electrons and nuclei.
To describe metallic bond.
To compare physical properties of metals.
To state uses of some metals.

Discussion:
Detailed analysis of comparative physical properties of metals and their uses.



Probing questions & brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 70

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.
Physical properties of elements in period 3.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE
PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE
SALTS

Chemical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in the third period.
Oxides of period 3 elements.
Chlorides of period 3 elements.
Types of salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with oxygen.
To explain chemical behavior of their chlorides.
To describe hydrolysis reaction.

Q/A: Products of reactions of Na, Mg, Al, P, & S with oxygen.
Discuss the trend in their reactivity; identify basic and acidic oxides.
Exercise ? balanced chemical equations for the above reactions.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.
The periodic table.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 79-80
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 77-78

SALTS

Solubility of salts in water.
Solubility of bases in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various salts in cold water/warm water.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5 cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Analyse the results.

Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.
Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 92-93

SALTS

Methods of preparing various salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.

Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.

CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp96

SALTS

Direct synthesis of a salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe direct synthesis of a salt.
To write balanced equations for the reactions.

Group experiments- preparation of iron (II) sulphide by direct synthesis.
Give other examples of salts prepared by direct synthesis.
Students write down corresponding balanced equations.

Iron,
Sulphur

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 104

SALTS

Ionic equations.
Effects of heat on carbonates.
Effects of heat on nitrates.
Effects of heat on sulphates.
Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

To state effects of heat on sulphates.
To predict products results from heating metal sulphates.

Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various sulphates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.
Various carbonates.
Common metal nitrates.
Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 113

SALTS
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Uses of salts.
Electrical conductivity.
Molten electrolytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of salts

Teacher elucidates uses of salts.

Various solids, bulb, battery, & wires.
Molten candle wax
Sugar
Sulphur
Lead oxide.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Electrolysis.
Aqueous electrolytes. Electrodes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define electrolysis
To describe the process of electrolysis in terms of charge movement.

Descriptive approach punctuated with Q/A.

Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch bulb.

K.L.B. BOOK II

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Reaction on electrodes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe half- equation reactions at the cathode and anode

To demonstrate ?Electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide
Observe colour changes
Explanation of half-equations and reactions at the electrodes.

Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.126-127

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Binary electrolyte.
Application of electrolysis.
Electroplating.
Allotropy.
Physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a binary electrolyte.
To state the products of a binary electrolyte.
Define allotropes and allotropy.
Identify allotropes of carbon.
Represent diamond and graphite diagrammatically.

Completing a table of electrolysis of binary electrolytes.
Teacher exposes new terms.
Review covalent bond.
Discuss boding in diamond and graphite.

text book
Silver nitrate
Iron nail
Complete circuit battery.
text book
Charcoal, graphite.

K.L.B. BOOK II P.127
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 131-133

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Burning carbon and oxygen.
Reduction properties of carbon.
Reaction of carbon with acids. Preparation of CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of carbon with oxygen.

Teacher demonstration- Prepare oxygen and pass dry oxygen into a tube containing carbon. Heat the carbon. Observe effects on limewater.

Carbon, limewater, tube, limewater stand& Bunsen burner.
CuO, pounded charcoal, Bunsen burner& bottle top
Conc. HNO3, limewater.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 134-135

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of CO2.
Chemical equations for reactions involving CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe properties of CO2

Simple experiments to determine properties of CO2.

Discuss the observations.

Lime water,
Magnesium ribbon,
Universal indicator,
lit candle.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.138-139

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of CO2.
Carbon monoxide lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of CO2

Discuss briefly the uses of CO2.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.140-1

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Chemical properties of carbon monoxide.
Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Heating carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Extraction of sodium carbonate from trona.
Solvay process of preparing sodium carbonate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe chemical properties of carbon monoxide.
To draw schematic diagram for extraction of sodium carbonates.

Description of properties of carbon monoxide.
Discussion and writing of chemical equations.
Discuss each step of the process.
Write relevant equations.

text book
text book
text book, chart

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 144-145
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 153-157

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Importance of carbon in nature. & its effects on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss: - Importance of carbon in nature.
&
Effects of carbon on the environment.

Discuss the carbon cycle and processes that increase/ reduce amount of CO2 in the air.
Uses of CO2 in soft drinks and fire extinguishers.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.157-158