CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen

Q/A: Review reactions of Mg, Ca, with oxygen.
The corresponding word and then chemical equations are then written and their correctness verified by the teacher.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 38

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
Reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Teacher demonstration- Reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.
Supervised practice.

Some alkaline earth metals.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 41

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.

revision book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.

revision book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.
Uses of some alkaline earth metals and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
State uses of alkaline earth metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkaline earth metals.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Halogens. Physical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify halogens in the periodic table.
Give examples of halogens.
Identify physical states of halogens.

Teacher demonstration: - To examine electrical properties of iodine, solubility in water of chlorine.

Iodine crystals, electrical wire, a bulb.

KLB BK II
P. 47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Comparative physical properties of halogens.
Chemical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain the trends in physical properties of halogens.

Examine a comparative table of physical properties of halogens.
Discuss the deductions made from the table.

text book
Chlorine, iron wool, bromine.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Some uses of halogens and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

CHEMICAL FAMILIES
STRUCTURE & BONDING

Noble Gases. Comparative physical properties of noble gases.
Uses of noble gases.
Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.
Ionic bond representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe physical properties of noble gases.
To explain physical properties of noble gases.
Describe role of valence electrons in determining chemical bonding.


Explain formation of ionic bonding.

Make A comparative analysis of tabulated physical properties of noble gases.
Q/A: Review valence electrons of atoms of elements in groups I, II, III, VII and VIII.
Q/A: Review group I and group VII elements.
Discuss formation of ionic bond.

text book
text book
Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.

  K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 52-53
K.L.B. BOOK IIP54




PP 57-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Grant ionic structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the crystalline ionic compound.
Give examples of ionic substances.

Discuss the group ionic structures of NaCl.
Teacher gives examples of other ionic substances: KNO3, potassium bromide, Ca (NO3)2, sodium iodide.

Giant sodium chloride model.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP 56-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Covalent bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical properties of ionic compounds.
Explain the differences in the physical properties of ionic compounds.

Analyse tabulated comparative physical properties of ionic compounds.

Teacher asks probing questions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 58-59

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Co-ordinate bond.
Molecular structure.
Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the co-ordinate bond
To represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.
To describe the molecular structure.
To give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure

Exposition- teacher explains the nature of co-ordinate bond.
Students represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.
Discussion ? To explain formation of the giant structure and give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure.

text book
text book
Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.

K.L.B. BOOK II P 65
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe giant atomic structure in diamond.
To state uses of diamond.

Diagrammatic representation of diamond.
Discuss uses of diamond.

Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK II P 69

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe mutual electronic forces between electrons and nuclei.
To describe metallic bond.
To compare physical properties of metals.
To state uses of some metals.

Discussion:
Detailed analysis of comparative physical properties of metals and their uses.



Probing questions & brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 70

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.
Physical properties of elements in period 3.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3
To compare other physical properties of elements across period 3.

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

Analyse comparative physical properties presented in form of a table.
Explain the trend in the physical properties given.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 77

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Chemical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in the third period.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with oxygen.

Q/A: Products of reactions of Na, Mg, Al, P, & S with oxygen.
Discuss the trend in their reactivity; identify basic and acidic oxides.
Exercise ? balanced chemical equations for the above reactions.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 79-80

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Oxides of period 3 elements.
Chlorides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify bonds across elements in period 3.
To explain chemical behavior of their oxide.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 84

SALTS

Types of salts.
Solubility of salts in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a salt.
Describe various types of salts and give several examples in each case.
To test solubility of various salts in cold water/warm water.

Descriptive approach. Teacher exposes new concepts.
Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5 cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Analyse the results.

text book
Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 91
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 92-93

SALTS

Solubility of bases in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various bases in water.
To carry out litmus test on the resulting solutions.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Carry out litmus tests.
Discuss the results.

Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 94-95

SALTS

Methods of preparing various salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.

Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.

CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp96

SALTS

Direct synthesis of a salts.
Ionic equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe direct synthesis of a salt.
To write balanced equations for the reactions.
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

Group experiments- preparation of iron (II) sulphide by direct synthesis.
Give other examples of salts prepared by direct synthesis.
Students write down corresponding balanced equations.


Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

Iron,
Sulphur
PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 104

SALTS

Effects of heat on carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on carbonates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal carbonates.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on Na2CO3, K2CO3, CaCO3, ZnCO3, PbCO3, e.t.c.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Various carbonates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 108-109

SALTS

Effects of heat on nitrates.
Effects of heat on sulphates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on nitrates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal nitrates.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various metal nitrates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Common metal nitrates.
Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 110-111

SALTS
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.
Uses of salts.
Electrical conductivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.
To give examples of hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.

To test for electrical conductivities of substances.

Prepare a sample of various salts.
Expose them to the atmosphere overnight.
Students classify the salts as hygroscopic, deliquescent and / or efflorescent.

Group experiments- to identify conductors and non-conductors.
Explain the difference in (non) conductivities.

Various solids, bulb, battery, & wires.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 118-119