AIR AND COMBUSTION

Lab preparation of oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare oxygen in the lab.
State physical properties of oxygen.

Teacher demonstration / group expts;
Questioning;
Discussion.

Sodium peroxide, manganese (IV) oxide, potassium permanganate.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 78-79

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Burning metals in air (oxygen)
Products of burning metals in air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State how metals burn in air.

Teacher demonstration;
Questioning;
Discussion.
Write equations.

Sodium, calcium,
magnesium,
iron, copper.
Weighing balance.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 80-81

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Reactivity series.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall the reactivity series for some metals.

Questioning;
Discussion.

Chart- reactivity series for metals.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 83

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Burning non-metals in air (oxygen)
Competition for oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of burning non-metals in air.
Describe redox reactions.
Write equations for redox reactions.
State applications of redox reactions.

Teacher demonstration;
Questioning;
Discussion.
Write equations.

Q/A to review redox reactions;
Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion.
Write equations.

Carbon, sulphur, phosphorus.
Metals and metal oxides.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 84-85
K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 86-87

AIR AND COMBUSTION
WATER AND HYDROGEN

Reactivity series based on redox reactions, Uses of oxygen. Environmental pollution.
Burning candle wax in air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall the reactivity series.
State uses of oxygen.
Discuss environmental pollution.

Q/A to review redox reactions;

Open discussion.

TEXT BOOK
Candles, lime water.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 88-89

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Reaction of cold water with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of reaction of cold water with metals.

Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion;
Write equations.

Calcium, sodium grain.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 92-94

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Reaction of steam with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of reaction of steam with metals.
Recall the reactivity series of metals based on reaction with water.

Teacher demonstrations;
Test for evolved gas;
Discussion;
Write equations.
Review reactivity series.

Magnesium ribbon, sand, iron / steel wool.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 94-96

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Hydrogen. - lab preparation.
Hydrogen. - physical properties.
Hydrogen as a reducing agent.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of hydrogen.

State physical properties of hydrogen.

Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion.

Probing questions and discussion.

Zinc granules,
dil HCl,
conc. sulphuric acid.
Zinc granules,
dil HCl,
conc. sulphuric acid, litmus papers.
Copper (II) oxide, anhydrous Copper (II) sulphate., dry hydrogen.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 97
K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 97-98

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Burning hydrogen in air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of burning hydrogen in air.

Teacher demonstration;
Discussion.

Anhydrous calcium chloride,
hydrogen, U tube, ice cold water.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 101-102

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Uses of hydrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of hydrogen.

Probing questions;
Open discussion.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 102-103

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Atomic and mass numbers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Name the subatomic particles in an atom.
Define atomic number and mass number of an atom.
Represent atomic and mass numbers symbolically.

Exposition on new concepts;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

text book

K.L.B.
BOOK II

PP. 1-3

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

First twenty elements of the periodic table.
Isotopes.
Electronic configuration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
List the first twenty elements of the periodic table.
Write chemical symbols of the first twenty elements of the periodic table.
Represent isotopes symbolically.
Define an energy level.
Describe electronic configuration in an atom.

Expository approach: referring to the periodic table, teacher exposes the first twenty elements.
Writing down a list of first twenty elements of the periodic table.

Exposition ? teacher exposes new concepts about electronic configuration.
Written exercise.

Periodic table.
Periodic table.

K.L.B.
BOOK II

PP. 1-3
K.L.B.
BOOK II
P. 4





PP. 5-9

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Electronic configuration in diagrams.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent electronic configuration diagrammatically.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

K.L.B.
BOOK II
PP. 5-8

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Periods of the periodic table.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify elements of the same period.

Exposition ? Definition of a period.
Q/A: Examples of elements of the same period.

Periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 9

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Groups of the periodic table.
R.M.M. and isotopes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify elements of the same period.

Exposition ? definition of a group.
Q/A: examples of elements of the same group.

Periodic table.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 9

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Positive ions and ion formation.
Positive ions representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an ion and a cation.

To represent formation of positive ions symbolically.

Teacher gives examples of stable atoms.
Guided discovery that metals need to lose one, two or three electrons to attain stability.
Examples of positive ions.


Diagrammatic representation of cations.

text book
Chart  ion model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 14-15
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 16

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Negative ions and ion formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an anion.
To describe formation of negative ions symbolically.

Teacher gives examples of stable atoms.
Guided discovery of formation of negative ions.
Diagrammatic representation of anions.

Chart  ion model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 17

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Valencies of metals.
Valencie of non-metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall valencies of metals among the first twenty elements in the periodic table.

Q/A to review previous lesson;
Exposition;
Guided discovery.

Periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 17

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Valencies of radicals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a radical.
Recall the valencies of common radicals.

Exposition ? teacher defines a radical, gives examples of radicals and exposes their valencies.
Students draw a table of radicals and their valencies.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 18

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Oxidation number.
Electronic configuration, ion formed, valency and oxidation number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define oxidation number.
Predict oxidation numbers from position of elements in the periodic table.
Relate electronic configuration, ion formed, valency and oxidation number of different elements.

Q/A: Valencies.
Expose oxidation numbers of common ions.
Students complete a table of ions and their oxidation numbers.

Written exercise;
Exercise review.

The periodic table.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIvP 18
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 18

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical formulae of compounds. - Elements of equal valencies.
Chemical formulae of compounds. -Elements of unequal valencies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of equal valencies.

Discuss formation of compounds such as NaCl, MgO.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 19-20

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical formulae of compounds. -Elements of variable valencies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of variable valencies.

Discuss formation of compounds such as
-Copper (I) Oxide.
-Copper (II) Oxide.
-Iron (II) Sulphate.
-Iron (III) Sulphate.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 20

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify components of chemical equations.

Review word equations;
Exposition of new concepts with probing questions;
Brief discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 21-23

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE
CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Balanced chemical equations.
Balanced chemical equations.(contd)
Alkali metals. Atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To balance chemical equations correctly.

Exposition;
Supervised practice.
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book
text book
The periodic

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 24-25
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 25-8

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Ionisation energy of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State changes in number of energy levels and ionisation energy of alkali metals.

Examine a table of elements, number of energy levels and their ionization energy.
Discuss the trend deduced from the table.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkali metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Li, Na, and K.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion on physical properties of alkali metals.

Chart ? comparative properties of Li, Na, K.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 30-31

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkali metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 32

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.
Compounds of alkali metals.
Uses of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.
State uses of alkali metals.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.


Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkali metals.

Sodium, chlorine.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 33
K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkaline Earth metals Atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify alkaline earth metals.

State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

Q/A: Elements of group I and their electron configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Make deductions from the table.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Be, Mg, Ca.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion of physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 35

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.
Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Teacher demonstration: -
To show alkaline metals are good conductors of electric charge.

Alkaline earth metals.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 37

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
Reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Teacher demonstration- Reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.
Supervised practice.

Some alkaline earth metals.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 41

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.

revision book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.
Uses of some alkaline earth metals and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Halogens. Physical properties of halogens.
Comparative physical properties of halogens.
Chemical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify halogens in the periodic table.
Give examples of halogens.
Identify physical states of halogens.

Teacher demonstration: - To examine electrical properties of iodine, solubility in water of chlorine.

Iodine crystals, electrical wire, a bulb.
text book
Chlorine, iron wool, bromine.

KLB BK II
P. 47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.
Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.
Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

text book
Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Some uses of halogens and their compounds.
Noble Gases. Comparative physical properties of noble gases.
Uses of noble gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.
Ionic bond representation.
Grant ionic structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe role of valence electrons in determining chemical bonding.


Explain formation of ionic bonding.

Q/A: Review valence electrons of atoms of elements in groups I, II, III, VII and VIII.
Q/A: Review group I and group VII elements.
Discuss formation of ionic bond.

text book
Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.
Giant sodium chloride model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP54




PP 57-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Covalent bond.
Co-ordinate bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical properties of ionic compounds.
Explain the differences in the physical properties of ionic compounds.

Analyse tabulated comparative physical properties of ionic compounds.

Teacher asks probing questions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 58-59

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Molecular structure.
Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.
Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.
Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the molecular structure.
To give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure
To describe giant atomic structure in graphite.
To state uses of graphite.

Discussion ? To explain formation of the giant structure and give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure.
Diagrammatic representation of graphite.

Discuss uses of graphite.

text book
Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.
Diagrams in textbooks.
Diagrams in textbooks.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65
K.L.B. BOOK II pp 69