CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkali metals. Atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals
Ionisation energy of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Identify alkali metals.
State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals.

State changes in number of energy levels and ionisation energy of alkali metals.

Q/A to reviews elements of group I and their electronic configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Discussion & making deductions from the table.
Examine a table of elements, number of energy levels and their ionization energy.
Discuss the trend deduced from the table.

The periodic
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 28-29

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkali metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Li, Na, and K.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion on physical properties of alkali metals.

Chart ? comparative properties of Li, Na, K.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 30-31

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkali metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 32

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.
Compounds of alkali metals.
Uses of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.
State uses of alkali metals.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.


Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkali metals.

Sodium, chlorine.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 33
K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkaline Earth metals Atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify alkaline earth metals.

State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

Q/A: Elements of group I and their electron configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Make deductions from the table.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Be, Mg, Ca.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion of physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 35

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.
Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen

Teacher demonstration: -
To show alkaline metals are good conductors of electric charge.
Q/A: Review reactions of Mg, Ca, with oxygen.
The corresponding word and then chemical equations are then written and their correctness verified by the teacher.

Alkaline earth metals.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 37
K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 38

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

Teacher demonstration- Reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.
Supervised practice.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 41

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.
Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.
Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

revision book
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Uses of some alkaline earth metals and their compounds.
Halogens. Physical properties of halogens.
Comparative physical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of alkaline earth metals.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkaline earth metals.

text book
Iodine crystals, electrical wire, a bulb.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe laboratory preparation of chlorine gas.

To describe reaction of halogens with metals.

Teacher demonstration: - preparation of chlorine gas.
Reaction of chlorine and iron wool.
Reaction of bromine and iron wool.
Reaction of iodine and iron wool.
Observe the rate of these reactions; hence deduce order of their reactivity of halogens.

Chlorine, iron wool, bromine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 48-50

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.
Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.
Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

text book
Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES
STRUCTURE & BONDING

Some uses of halogens and their compounds.
Noble Gases. Comparative physical properties of noble gases.
Uses of noble gases.
Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Ionic bond representation.
Grant ionic structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent ionic bonding.

Drawing diagrams of ionic bonds.

Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.
Giant sodium chloride model.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Covalent bond.
Co-ordinate bond.
Molecular structure.
Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical properties of ionic compounds.
Explain the differences in the physical properties of ionic compounds.
To describe the molecular structure.
To give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure

Analyse tabulated comparative physical properties of ionic compounds.

Teacher asks probing questions.
Discussion ? To explain formation of the giant structure and give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure.

text book
text book
Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 58-59
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.
Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe giant atomic structure in diamond.
To state uses of diamond.

Diagrammatic representation of diamond.
Discuss uses of diamond.

Diagrams in textbooks.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P 69

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in the third period.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare other physical properties of elements across period 3.

Analyse comparative physical properties presented in form of a table.
Explain the trend in the physical properties given.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 77

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Oxides of period 3 elements.
Chlorides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify bonds across elements in period 3.
To explain chemical behavior of their oxide.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 84

SALTS

Types of salts.
Solubility of salts in water.
Solubility of bases in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a salt.
Describe various types of salts and give several examples in each case.
To test solubility of various bases in water.
To carry out litmus test on the resulting solutions.

Descriptive approach. Teacher exposes new concepts.
Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Carry out litmus tests.
Discuss the results.

text book
Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.
Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 91
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 94-95

SALTS

Methods of preparing various salts.
Direct synthesis of a salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.

Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.

CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.
Iron,
Sulphur

K.L.B. BOOK II pp96

SALTS

Ionic equations.
Effects of heat on carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.
Various carbonates.

K.L.B. BOOK II

SALTS

Effects of heat on nitrates.
Effects of heat on sulphates.
Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.
Uses of salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on nitrates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal nitrates.
To define hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.
To give examples of hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various metal nitrates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Prepare a sample of various salts.
Expose them to the atmosphere overnight.
Students classify the salts as hygroscopic, deliquescent and / or efflorescent.

Common metal nitrates.
Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 110-111
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114