Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of visual programming
- Identify various application areas of visual programming
- Show interest in learning about visual programming

- Explain mobile programming as an application area of visual programming
- Identify different mobile applications and their uses
- Appreciate the role of mobile applications in day-to-day life

- Study pictures of mobile applications and discuss how they are used
- Discuss what visual programming is
- Use digital or print resources to search for information on application areas of visual programming
- Share findings with the class
- Study digital devices showing different mobile applications
- Identify and name mobile applications shown
- Describe how one can use the applications to perform tasks
- Mention other mobile applications and what they are used for
- Discuss what mobile programming is

What is visual programming?
How are mobile applications used to perform tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 50
- Digital resources
- Pictures of applications
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 51
- Digital devices with mobile applications
- Charts showing mobile applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain web development as an application area of visual programming
- Identify different websites and their uses
- Show interest in web development

- Study websites displayed in a browser
- Discuss what a website is
- Explain what WWW stands for
- Mention websites they have visited
- Discuss what web development is
- Share discussions with the class

What is web development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 52
- Digital devices with internet access
- Various websites
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain other application areas of visual programming (game development, educational tools, robotics)
- Identify examples of applications in each area
- Appreciate the diverse applications of visual programming

- Discuss game development as an application area of visual programming
- Explore educational tools created using visual programming
- Discuss robotics and animation as application areas of visual programming
- Share findings with the class

What are the various application areas of visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 52
- Digital resources
- Sample applications from different areas
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recall various visual programming software
- Download and install visual programming software
- Show interest in creating applications using visual programming

- Identify features of the Scratch programming interface
- Navigate the Scratch programming environment
- Show commitment to learning visual programming

- Recall various visual programming software learned in previous grades
- Follow steps to download and install Scratch on a computer
- Explore the option of installing Scratch on smartphones and tablets
- Share experiences with the class
- Open the Scratch program interface
- Explore the different categories and commands in Scratch
- Test commands to see their effect on the sprite
- Change parameters in commands and observe the results
- Share findings with the class

How is visual programming software installed?
What are the features of the Scratch programming interface?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Digital devices with internet access
- Installation guidelines
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Scratch interface guide
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Group discussions
- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a simple game using visual programming
- Create a clicker game using Scratch
- Value the importance of planning before programming

- Create and play a fun game called "Clicker Game" using balloons in real life
- Follow steps to create a digital version of the clicker game using Scratch
- Choose a backdrop and sprite for the game
- Create a script to keep score and make the balloon move and change color
- Test and play the game
- Share the game with classmates

How are games created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 54
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Balloons and strings (for physical game)
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an interactive story using visual programming
- Create an interactive story using Scratch
- Appreciate the use of visual programming in storytelling

- Watch videos on how to develop a story using Scratch programming
- Follow steps to create an interactive story using Scratch
- Choose backdrop and characters for the story
- Create scripts for dialogue and character movements
- Test and run the story
- Share the story with classmates

How are interactive stories created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 58
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Video tutorials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a music application using visual programming
- Create a music application using Scratch
- Show interest in creating music applications

- Plan an interactive story with sound using visual programming
- Create an interactive story with sound using Scratch
- Value the integration of sound in storytelling

- Follow steps to create music using Scratch
- Choose appropriate sprites for musical instruments
- Create scripts to play sounds and music
- Combine different sounds to create a song
- Test and play the music
- Share the music with classmates
- Develop a story to tell classmates
- Open Scratch program and choose appropriate backdrop and characters
- Create scripts to tell the story
- Add sound effects and background music to enhance the story
- Test and run the story
- Share the story with classmates

How is music created using visual programming?
How can sound be integrated into interactive stories?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 61
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Audio equipment for playback
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 63
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Audio equipment for playback
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 64
- Sample animations

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create individual animations using visual programming
- Apply animation principles in visual programming
- Appreciate the creativity involved in animation development

- Use Scratch to create and play individual animations
- Create a storyline for the animation
- Choose appropriate sprites and backdrops
- Create scripts to animate the characters
- Test and run the animation
- Share the animation with the teacher and class

What principles guide animation development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 65
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Animation principles guide
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Portfolio assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Follow tutorials to create animations
- Develop more complex animations using Scratch
- Show interest in advanced animation techniques

- Open the Scratch program and click the Tutorials button
- Select an animation project to create
- Follow the step-by-step guide to develop the animation
- Test and run the animation
- Share the animation with classmates

How can tutorials enhance animation development skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Scratch tutorials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication
Materials for Production

Visual Programming - Embracing the use of visual programming in day-to-day life
Wood - Classification of wood according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify problems that can be solved using visual programming
- Explain how visual programming helps in solving problems
- Appreciate the role of visual programming in solving day-to-day problems

- Identify types of wood available in the environment
- Classify wood according to physical characteristics
- Appreciate the variety of wood types in the local environment

- Read a scenario about a learner who used visual programming to solve a Mathematics problem
- Discuss how visual programming helped the learner
- Explore how visual programming can help in solving problems in day-to-day life
- Share findings with the class
- Use print or digital resources to search for information on types of wood available
- Observe and identify trees in the environment
- Sort wood as either softwood or hardwood using a checklist

How can visual programming help us solve problems in day-to-day life?
Which kind of trees do you have in your community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Problem scenarios
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
- Assorted pieces of wood
- Digital devices
- Charts showing wood types
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 70
- Sample trees in the environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation of wood for use in the production of items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of wood conversion
- Describe different methods of wood conversion
- Value proper wood preparation techniques

- Discuss wood conversion as a method of preparing wood for use
- Use print or digital resources to find information about plain sawing and quarter sawing
- Draw images to represent each conversion method

What happens during the wood conversion process?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Charts showing conversion methods
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 74
- Pictures showing wood seasoning methods
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Oral tests - Written tests - Drawings assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Types of wood and their uses in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different uses of wood in the community
- Match types of wood to their specific uses
- Show interest in wood applications

- Study pictures of items made of wood
- Suggest the best type of wood for making various items
- Brainstorm on other uses of wood in the community
- Create a chart matching types of wood to their uses

What factors determine the choice of wood for specific items?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
- Pictures of wooden items
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 77
- Reference materials
- Digital resources
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Charts assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life
Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify wooden items in the environment
- Explain the importance of wood in day-to-day life
- Appreciate the value of wood as a resource

- Identify waste materials in the environment
- Explain the sources of waste materials
- Show concern for waste management

- Name wooden items found in the environment
- Mention places in the community that trade in wood products
- Discuss how wood is used in daily activities
- Explain the importance of wood in day-to-day life
- Discuss what waste materials are
- Walk around the school compound to identify waste materials
- Write a list of waste materials seen in the environment
- Share findings in class

Why is wood an important resource in our daily lives?
What types of waste materials are found in our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
- Charts
- Local wood products
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
- Crossword puzzles
- Self-reflection forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 93
- School environment
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Field notes - Oral presentation

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Categorize different types of waste materials
- Identify areas where specific waste materials are found
- Appreciate the need to understand waste materials

- Study pictures of waste materials in the environment
- Identify waste materials shown in each picture
- Mention areas where specific waste materials are likely to be found
- Discuss different types of waste materials

How can we categorize waste materials found in our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of waste materials
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain safe ways of handling waste materials
- Describe different approaches to waste management
- Value safe waste handling practices

- Use print reference materials or digital devices to search for information on safe ways of handling and disposing waste materials
- Write short notes on findings
- Present findings in class

What are the safe ways of handling different types of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures of waste handling methods
- Digital resources

- Note-taking - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods
Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify appropriate waste disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste disposal techniques
- Show responsibility in waste disposal

- Explain the importance of proper waste handling
- Describe the impact of waste on the environment
- Value the importance of proper waste management

- Collect waste materials around the school compound
- Sort waste materials by type
- Place waste in appropriate garbage containers
- Practice proper waste disposal as guided by the teacher
- Take a walk in the locality to observe how businesses handle waste
- Find out from local people why proper waste handling is important
- Write findings in exercise books
- Present findings in class

How should different types of waste be disposed of?
Why is proper waste handling important for our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
- Personal protective equipment
- Garbage bags or containers
- Dustbins
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Local community resources
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment
- Field notes - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- List types of waste materials in the environment
- Suggest ways of handling different waste types
- Show responsibility towards waste management

- Discuss the importance of proper waste handling and disposal
- List types of waste materials found in the environment
- Suggest ways of safely handling each waste type
- Role play scenarios of waste management

How does proper waste management benefit the community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing proper waste handling

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Role play assessment

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection on waste management
- Show responsibility towards environmental conservation

- Work on problem-solving exercises related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection form on waste materials learning
- Discuss environmental conservation strategies

How can we apply what we've learned about waste management in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 100
- Self-reflection forms
- Problem-solving exercises
- Digital resources

- Problem-solving questions - Self-assessment - Written tests

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Holding tools used in day-to-day life
Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for performing given tasks
Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different holding tools used in a workplace
- Name holding tools found within the locality
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools in daily use

- Describe tasks performed using holding tools
- Explain uses of different holding tools
- Appreciate the importance of holding tools in task performance

- Study holding tools shown in pictures
- Discuss why the tools are known as holding tools
- Mention where the tools can be found within the locality
- Draw and name the tools in exercise books
- Study pictures of people using holding tools
- Describe tasks being carried out in each picture
- Name holding tools being used
- Create a table matching holding tools to their uses

What are holding tools?
How are different holding tools used in the workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Visual aids
- Real holding tools
- Pictures of holding tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
- Task scenarios
- Holding tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures of holding tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 117
- Holding tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Table assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools used in day-to-day life
Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to care for holding tools
- Describe maintenance practices for holding tools
- Show responsibility in tool care and maintenance

- Study pictures showing care for holding tools
- Discuss how tools in the pictures have been taken care of
- Explain the importance of proper tool care
- Demonstrate maintenance practices for holding tools

Why is it important to care for and maintain holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Holding tools
- Cleaning materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Pictures of workers using holding tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Demonstration assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Driving tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems related to holding tools
- Complete a self-reflection on holding tools
- Show appreciation for the role of holding tools

- Find words related to holding tools in a word search puzzle
- Solve problems related to selection and use of holding tools
- Complete a self-reflection form on holding tools learning

How can we apply what we've learned about holding tools in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Word search puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
- Pictures of driving tools
- Real driving tools
- Digital resources

- Word search - Problem-solving assessment - Self-reflection

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for performing given tasks
Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate driving tools for specific tasks
- Explain reasons for selecting specific driving tools
- Appreciate the importance of proper tool selection

- Describe tasks performed using driving tools
- Explain uses of different driving tools
- Value the importance of driving tools in task performance

- Study tasks requiring driving tools
- Select the most appropriate driving tool for each task
- Give reasons for the choice of tool
- Discuss factors to consider when selecting driving tools
- Study pictures of people using driving tools
- Describe what is happening in each picture
- Discuss the uses of different driving tools
- Mention tasks observed being performed using driving tools

How do you determine which driving tool is appropriate for a specific task?
How are different driving tools used in a workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
- Task scenarios
- Driving tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Pictures of driving tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Driving tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Tool selection assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to care for driving tools
- Identify well-maintained vs. poorly maintained tools
- Value the importance of proper tool maintenance

- Study pictures showing care for driving tools
- Identify pictures showing tools that have been cared for
- Discuss how the driving tools have been cared for
- Explain the importance of tool care and maintenance

Why is it important to care for and maintain driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Driving tools
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture analysis

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Identify tasks that require driving tools
- Appreciate the role of driving tools in daily life

- Mention tasks that can be performed using driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Explain how driving tools make work easier
- Describe safety benefits of proper tool use

How do driving tools improve productivity and safety?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pictures of tasks using driving tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
Distribution of Goods and Services - Role of intermediaries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems related to driving tools
- Complete a self-reflection on driving tools
- Show appreciation for the role of driving tools

- Explain the meaning of channels of distribution
- Describe the role of intermediaries
- Appreciate the importance of distribution channels

- Complete a crossword puzzle on driving tools
- Solve problems related to selection and use of driving tools
- Complete a self-reflection form on driving tools learning
- Discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution
- Explain the role of intermediaries in distribution
- Search for information on intermediaries in distribution
- Present findings to the class

How can we apply what we've learned about driving tools in our daily lives?
Why are intermediaries important in the distribution of goods and services?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
- Crossword puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Charts showing distribution channels

- Crossword puzzle - Problem-solving assessment - Self-reflection
- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Role of intermediaries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of intermediaries
- Explain functions of various intermediaries
- Value the contribution of intermediaries in distribution

- Discuss different types of intermediaries
- Explain the functions of each type of intermediary
- Create a chart showing intermediaries and their functions
- Present findings to the class

How do different intermediaries serve in the distribution process?

- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Charts
- Pictures of intermediaries

- Observation - Oral presentation - Chart assessment

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify channels for distributing goods
- Illustrate distribution channels
- Show interest in distribution channels

- Search and watch video clips on distribution channels
- Discuss different distribution channels
- Prepare a chart showing channels for distribution
- Present findings to the class

What are the different channels used for distributing goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Charts
- Reference books

- Observation - Chart assessment - Oral presentation

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services
Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare different distribution channels
- Analyze factors affecting channel choice
- Appreciate the importance of selecting appropriate channels

- Identify ethical practices in distribution
- Recognize unethical practices in distribution
- Value ethical conduct in business

- Analyze case studies on different distribution channels
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of each channel
- Discuss factors affecting choice of distribution channel
- Present findings to the class
- Discuss ethical practices in distribution of goods and services
- Identify unethical practices in distribution
- Debate on ethical issues in distribution
- Present findings to the class

How do businesses decide which distribution channel to use?
What ethical issues arise in the distribution of goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Charts
- Reference books
- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference books
- Newspaper articles

- Case study analysis - Oral presentation - Written assignments
- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze the impact of unethical practices
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Show commitment to ethical business conduct

- Analyze case studies on unethical distribution practices
- Discuss the impact of unethical practices on consumers
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Role play ethical and unethical scenarios

How do unethical distribution practices affect consumers and businesses?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference books
- Role play scenarios

- Case study analysis - Role play assessment - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Participation in distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify distribution activities in the community
- Explain ways to participate in distribution
- Show interest in distribution activities

- Visit local businesses to observe distribution activities
- Interview business owners about distribution processes
- Document distribution activities observed
- Present findings to the class

How can individuals participate in the distribution of goods and services?

- Local businesses
- Community resources
- Digital resources
- Interview guides

- Field notes - Interview assessment - Oral presentation