Numbers

Integers - Identifying integers in different situations
Integers - Representing integers on a number line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify integers in different situations
-Use integers correctly in daily life
-Show interest in learning about integers

-Identify integers by carrying out activities involving positive and negative numbers and zero
-Make steps forward (positive) and backward (negative) from a reference point
-Mark a reference point on level ground and make five steps from the reference point in both directions

How small are atoms and are they divisible?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 1
-Number line charts
-Digital resources
-Number lines

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Integers - Addition of integers on a number line
Integers - Subtraction of integers on a number line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Add integers using a number line
-Solve problems involving addition of integers
-Show interest in using number line for addition of integers

-Perform addition operations of integers on a number line
-Starting at a point on a number line, move steps in the appropriate direction
-Practice addition of integers using number line

How do we carry out operations of integers?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 3
-Number lines
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 4
-Charts showing number lines

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Integers - Combined operations of integers on a number line
Integers - Games involving a number line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Perform combined operations of integers on a number line
-Solve real-life problems involving combined operations of integers
-Value the importance of combined operations

-Perform combined operations of integers on a number line
-Starting at a point, move steps in appropriate directions for each operation
-Solve problems involving combined operations

How do we carry out combined operations of integers?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 6
-Number lines
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 7
-Number cards
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Fractions - Combined operations involving addition and subtraction
Fractions - Combined operations involving division and multiplication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Carry out combined operations involving addition and subtraction of fractions
-Apply combined operations in real-life situations
-Show interest in learning about fractions

-Discuss and use the correct order of operations in fractions
-Work out combined operations involving addition and subtraction
-Add fractions then subtract from the sum

How do we use fractions in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 8
-Fraction models
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 11

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Fractions - Combined operations involving brackets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Carry out combined operations involving brackets
-Apply BODMAS rule in combined operations
-Show interest in learning about combined operations

-Discuss and use the correct order of operations in fractions
-Work out brackets first in combined operations
-Solve real-life problems involving brackets

How do we apply BODMAS rule in combined operations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 13
-Fraction models
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Fractions - Operations on fractions in real-life situations
Fractions - Using IT devices for learning fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out operations on fractions in real-life situations
-Apply fractions in solving problems
-Appreciate the use of fractions in daily life

-Discuss and carry out operations on fractions from activities such as shopping
-Solve real-life problems involving fractions
-Apply fractions in real-life situations

How do we use fractions in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 14
-Fraction models
-Digital resources
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Fractions - Consolidation and assessment
Decimals - Conversion of fractions to decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve various problems involving fractions
-Apply fractions in real-life situations
-Appreciate the importance of fractions

-Review combined operations on fractions
-Solve a variety of problems involving fractions
-Apply fractions in real-life contexts

How do we use fractions in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 14
-Fraction models
-Assessment tools
-Decimal charts
-Digital resources

-Written tests -Problem-solving tasks -Self-assessment

Numbers

Decimals - Identifying recurring decimals
Decimals - Converting recurring decimals to fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify recurring decimals
-Represent recurring decimals correctly
-Show interest in learning about recurring decimals

-In groups discuss and classify non-recurring and recurring decimals
-Indicate the recurring digits using appropriate notation
-Convert fractions to decimals and identify recurring patterns

How do we identify recurring decimals?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 17
-Decimal charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 19
-Conversion charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Decimals - Rounding off decimal numbers
Decimals - Expressing numbers to significant figures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Round off decimal numbers to required decimal places
-Apply rounding in real-life contexts
-Show interest in rounding decimal numbers

-Discuss and round off decimal numbers to a required number of decimal places
-Apply rounding rules correctly
-Solve problems involving rounding of decimals

How do we round off decimal numbers?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 20
-Decimal charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 21
-Number charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Decimals - Expressing numbers in standard form
Decimals - Combined operations on decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Express numbers in standard form
-Apply standard form in scientific notation
-Show interest in learning about standard form

-Write numbers in standard form in learning materials
-Express numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10, and a power of 10
-Solve problems involving standard form

How do we express numbers in standard form?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 23
-Number charts
-Digital resources
-Decimal charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Decimals - Applications of decimals in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply decimals in real-life situations
-Solve problems involving decimals
-Show interest in using decimals in daily life

-Discuss and apply decimals to real-life cases
-Play games of operations on decimals using IT
-Solve real-world problems involving decimals

How do we use decimals in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 25
-Real-life objects
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Problem-solving tasks

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Working out squares from tables
Squares and Square Roots - Squares of numbers greater than ten

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out squares of numbers from tables
-Apply squares in real-life situations
-Show interest in working with squared numbers

-Read and write the squares of numbers from tables
-Use table of squares to find squares of numbers
-Apply squares in solving real-life problems

What are squares and square roots of numbers?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 25
-Table of squares
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 29

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Working out square roots from tables
Squares and Square Roots - Square roots of numbers greater than 100

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out square roots of numbers from tables
-Apply square roots in problem-solving
-Show interest in working with square roots

-Read and write the square roots of numbers from tables
-Use table of square roots to find square roots
-Apply square roots in solving real-life problems

Where do we apply squares and square roots in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 31
-Table of square roots
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 33

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Using a calculator for squares
Squares and Square Roots - Using a calculator for square roots

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out squares of numbers using a calculator
-Apply calculator skills effectively
-Show interest in using calculators in mathematics

-Practice working out squares using a calculator
-Compare results from calculator with table values
-Solve real-life problems involving squares

How do we use calculators to find squares?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 35
-Calculators
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 36

-Observation -Oral questions -Calculator activities

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Identifying rates
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out rates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify rates in different situations
-Recognize rates as quotients of different units
-Show interest in learning about rates

-Using a mobile phone, note the amount of airtime available
-Make calls and check the airtime used
-Compare different call rates from service providers

How do we use rates in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 36
-Mobile phones (if available)
-Rate charts
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 37
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Expressing fractions as ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Express fractions as ratios in real life situations
-Convert between fractions and ratios
-Show interest in the relationship between fractions and ratios

-Use cut-outs to relate fractions to ratios
-Express fractions in the form a:b
-Solve problems involving conversion between fractions and ratios

How do we use ratios in daily activities?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 39
-Fraction models
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Comparing two ratios
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Comparing three ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Compare two ratios in different situations
-Determine which ratio is greater
-Appreciate the importance of comparing ratios

-Use strips of paper to compare ratios
-Express ratios as fractions with common denominators
-Compare numerators to determine the greater ratio

How do we compare ratios?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 41
-Paper strips
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 43
-Ratio charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Dividing quantities in given ratios
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Divide quantities in given ratios
-Apply ratio division in real-life situations
-Value fair division of resources

-Discuss and share quantities of concrete objects in different ratios
-Divide a quantity into parts proportional to the ratio
-Solve real-life problems involving division in a ratio

How do we divide quantities in a given ratio?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 46
-Concrete objects
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 48
-Ratio charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Ratio increase
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Ratio decrease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out increase of quantities using ratios
-Apply ratio increase in real-life situations
-Value the importance of ratios in quantity changes

-Increase quantities in given ratios
-Find quantities after ratio increases
-Solve real-life problems involving ratio increases

How do we use ratios to increase quantities?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 50
-Ratio charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 51

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Percentage change
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Direct proportion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out percentage change of given quantities
-Calculate percentage increase and decrease
-Appreciate percentage change in real-life contexts

-Discuss and determine percentage increase and decrease
-Calculate percentage change using formulas
-Solve real-life problems involving percentage change

How do we calculate percentage change?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 52
-Percentage charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 53
-Proportion charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out direct proportions
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Indirect proportion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out direct proportions in real life situations
-Apply direct proportion in problem-solving
-Value the importance of direct proportion

-Complete tables of directly proportional quantities
-Calculate unknown values using direct proportion
-Solve real-life problems involving direct proportion

How do we calculate using direct proportion?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 54
-Proportion charts
-Digital resources
-Hourglass (if available)

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out indirect proportions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out indirect proportions in real life situations
-Apply indirect proportion in problem-solving
-Appreciate the concept of inverse relationship

-Complete tables of indirectly proportional quantities
-Calculate unknown values using indirect proportion
-Solve real-life problems involving indirect proportion

How do we calculate using indirect proportion?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 55
-Proportion charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Factorization of algebraic expressions
Algebraic Expressions - Factorization using the HCF

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify like terms in algebraic expressions
-Find the highest common factor of terms in expressions
-Show interest in learning algebraic expressions

-Discuss and identify like and unlike terms in expressions
-Find the highest common factor of terms in algebraic expressions
-Write algebraic expressions for real-life situations

How do we factorize algebraic expressions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 56
-Algebra tiles
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 57

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions
Algebraic Expressions - Simplification of algebraic fractions by factorization

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Add algebraic fractions
-Subtract algebraic fractions
-Show interest in working with algebraic fractions

-Discuss and use the correct methods to add algebraic fractions
-Find the LCM of denominators in algebraic fractions
-Practice addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions

How do we simplify algebraic expressions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 58
-Algebra charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 59

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Evaluating algebraic expressions
Algebraic Expressions - Applications of algebraic expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Evaluate algebraic expressions by substituting values
-Apply substitution to solve problems
-Show interest in evaluating expressions

-Discuss how to substitute given numerical values in expressions
-Practice evaluating expressions with given values
-Apply substitution to real-life situations

How do we evaluate algebraic expressions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 60
-Algebra charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 61
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - Forming linear equations in two unknowns
Linear Equations - Forming related linear equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Form linear equations in two unknowns
-Translate word problems into equations
-Show interest in linear equations

-Role play activities such as shopping on two different items to form linear equations
-Represent price of items using letters
-Form equations from real-life situations

How do we solve linear equations in two unknowns?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 62
-Shop setup materials
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 64

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - Solving linear equations by substitution method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve linear equations using substitution method
-Apply the method to solve simultaneous equations
-Show interest in using substitution method

-Express one unknown in terms of the other
-Substitute the expression in the other equation
-Practice solving equations using substitution method

How do we solve linear equations in two unknowns?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 66
-Equation charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Equations - More on substitution method
Linear Equations - Solving linear equations by elimination method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply substitution method to various equations
-Solve complex simultaneous equations
-Appreciate the substitution method

-Solve different types of linear equations using substitution
-Apply substitution method to practical problems
-Compare solutions with other methods

How do we apply substitution method to different equations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 67
-Equation charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 68

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Linear Equations - More on elimination method
Linear Equations - Applying linear equations in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply elimination method to various equations
-Solve complex simultaneous equations
-Appreciate the elimination method

-Solve different types of linear equations using elimination
-Apply elimination method to practical problems
-Compare elimination with substitution method

When do we prefer elimination over substitution?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 70
-Equation charts
-Digital resources
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Circles - Working out the circumference of a circle
Circles - Working out the circumference of circles in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the circumference of a circle
-Apply the formula for circumference in calculations
-Show interest in learning about circles

-Wrap a paper strip around a cylinder and mark the start and end points
-Measure the distance between the marked points
-Calculate circumference using the formula C = πd
-Solve real-life problems involving circumference

How do we determine the circumference of a circle?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 71
-Circular objects
-Measuring tape or ruler
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 73
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Circles - Working out the length of an arc
Circles - Working out the length of an arc in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the length of an arc of a circle
-Apply the formula for arc length in calculations
-Show interest in arc lengths

-Draw a circle and cut it out
-Fold the cut-out into four equal parts
-Relate the arc length to the circumference
-Calculate arc length using the formula
-Use cut-outs to relate arc length to the circumference

How do we determine the length of an arc of a circle?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 73
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 74
-Circular objects
-Protractors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Circles - Calculating the perimeter of a sector
Area - Calculating the area of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the perimeter of a sector of a circle
-Apply the formula for sector perimeter
-Show interest in using sectors

-Draw a circle and cut out the circle along its boundary
-Fold the circular cut-out into four equal parts and cut out one part
-Calculate the arc length of the sector
-Add the sum of the two radii to the arc length
-Determine the perimeter of the sector

How do we use sectors of a circle in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 75
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-Scissors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 77
-Graph paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of a circle in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of circular area in real-life contexts
-Calculate areas of circular objects
-Show interest in circular areas

-Discuss and work out areas of different circles
-Measure radius and calculate area
-Solve real-life problems involving circular area

How do we apply knowledge of circular area?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 79
-Circular objects
-Measuring tools

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of a sector
Area - Working out the area of a sector in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the area of a sector of a circle
-Apply the formula for sector area
-Appreciate sectors in everyday objects

-Use cut-outs of sectors from locally available materials
-Express the angle of sector as a fraction of 360°
-Calculate sector area using the formula
-Relate the angle of the sector to the area of the circle

How do we calculate the area of a sector?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 80
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-Protractors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 81
-Sector models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of cubes
Area - Working out the surface area of cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the surface area of cubes
-Apply the formula for cube surface area
-Value the importance of surface area

-Use a model of a cube to identify faces
-Measure edges and calculate face areas
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Apply the formula for cube surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a cube?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 82
-Cube models
-Measuring tools
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 84
-Cuboid models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of cylinders
Area - Working out the surface area of triangular prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the surface area of cylinders
-Apply the formula for cylinder surface area
-Appreciate cylinders in everyday life

-Make a paper model of a cylinder
-Open the model to identify faces
-Calculate area of circular ends and curved face
-Apply the formula for cylinder surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a cylinder?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 86
-Cylindrical objects
-Paper
-Scissors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 87
-Triangular prism models
-Measuring tools

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of irregular shapes
Money - Identifying interest and principal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the area of irregular shapes using square grids
-Estimate areas by counting grid squares
-Value the importance of area estimation

-Trace irregular shaped objects on square grids
-Count complete and partial squares
-Estimate areas by adding complete squares and half of partial squares
-Compare estimated areas with regular shapes

How do we determine the area of irregular shapes?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 88
-Square grid paper
-Irregular objects
-Tracing paper
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 89
-Financial brochures
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - Calculating simple interest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate simple interest in real-life situations
-Apply the formula for simple interest
-Value the importance of interest calculations

-Identify principal, rate, and time in scenarios
-Apply the formula I = PRT/100
-Solve problems involving simple interest
-Discuss terms of interest on deposits

What is interest in money?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 91
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - More on simple interest
Money - Calculating compound interest for one year

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve complex problems involving simple interest
-Find unknown values in interest calculations
-Show interest in financial calculations

-Calculate unknown principal, rate, or time given other values
-Apply simple interest formula in reverse
-Solve real-life problems involving simple interest

How do we calculate simple interest for different time periods?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 92
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 93

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Calculating compound interest for two years
Money - Calculating compound interest for three years

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate compound interest for two years
-Apply step-by-step calculation method
-Show interest in long-term investments

-Calculate interest for the first year and new principal
-Calculate interest for the second year
-Find the total compound interest
-Discuss the growth of investments

How do we pay for goods on hire purchase?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 94
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 95

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Working out appreciation
Money - Working out depreciation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out appreciation of value
-Apply appreciation calculations to assets
-Show interest in value appreciation

-Research meaning of appreciation
-List items that appreciate in value
-Calculate value after appreciation
-Discuss items worth investing in

How do we calculate appreciation of value?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 96
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 97

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements
Geometry

Money - Working out hire purchase
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of parallel lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out hire purchase costs
-Compare cash price and hire purchase price
-Make informed financial decisions

-Visit shops with hire purchase options or use digital resources
-Gather information on deposit, cash price, and installments
-Calculate total hire purchase cost
-Compare with cash price and determine the extra cost

How do we pay for goods on hire purchase?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 98
-Calculator
-Brochures from shops
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 100
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Drawing paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of parallel lines using a set square
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of perpendicular lines from a point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct parallel lines using a set square and ruler
-Apply construction in real-life situations
-Value the importance of parallel lines

-Draw line ST and point P above the line
-Place one of the shorter edges of a set square along ST
-Put a ruler along the other edge of the set square to touch P
-Slide the set square along the ruler towards P
-Draw a straight line along the edge to create a parallel line

Where do we use polygons in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 103
-Set square
-Ruler
-Drawing paper
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 104
-Pair of compasses

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of perpendicular lines through a point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct perpendicular lines through a point on a given line
-Apply perpendicular construction in solving problems
-Value the use of perpendicular lines

-Draw line EF and point G on the line
-Using G as center and suitable radius, draw two arcs to cut EF at A and B
-With A and B as centers and using the same radius, construct two pairs of intersecting arcs on either side of EF
-Join C to D to form a perpendicular line through G

What is the relationship between perpendicular lines?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 105
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Drawing paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Dividing a line proportionally
Geometrical Constructions - Identifying angle properties of polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Divide a line proportionally
-Apply proportional division in solving problems
-Show interest in proportional division

-Draw lines AB and AC of convenient lengths
-Mark five equal intervals from A along AC
-Join the last point to B
-Draw lines parallel to this line through the other points
-Mark the points where these parallel lines cut AB

How do we divide a line proportionally?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 106
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Set square
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 108
-Polygon models
-Protractor
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular triangle
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular quadrilateral

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct a regular triangle
-Apply triangle construction in real-life situations
-Value the use of regular triangles

-Construct line PQ of required length
-Using P and Q as centers and radius equal to side length, construct two arcs intersecting at R
-Join P to R and Q to R
-Measure the angles to confirm they are all 60°

How do we construct regular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 112
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 113
-Set square

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular pentagon
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular hexagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate interior angles of a regular pentagon
-Construct a regular pentagon
-Value the use of regular pentagons

-Find the size of each interior angle of the pentagon (108°)
-Draw line AB of required length
-Using B as center and radius equal to side length, locate C such that angle ABC is 108°
-Continue the process to locate D and E
-Join A to E to complete the pentagon

How are interior angles related to the number of sides?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 114
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 115

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of irregular polygons
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of circles passing through vertices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct irregular polygons
-Apply irregular polygon construction in real-life situations
-Value the use of irregular polygons

-Given the measurements of sides and angles, draw the first side
-Use measurements to construct each subsequent side and angle
-Complete the polygon by joining the last vertex to the first
-Verify measurements of all sides and angles

How do we construct irregular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 117
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 123

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing and labeling a Cartesian plane
Coordinates and Graphs - Identifying points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a labelled Cartesian plane
-Identify different parts of the Cartesian plane
-Show interest in Cartesian planes

-Draw a horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis
-Mark the origin where the axes intersect
-Use a scale to mark positive and negative values on both axes
-Label the axes and quadrants

How do we plot coordinates on a Cartesian plane?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 128
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 129
-Cartesian plane charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Plotting points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plot points on the Cartesian plane
-Apply coordinate plotting in real-life situations
-Show interest in coordinate systems

-Draw a Cartesian plane with appropriate scale
-Given ordered pairs, locate the x-coordinate on the x-axis
-Locate the y-coordinate on the y-axis
-Mark the point where the vertical and horizontal lines from these coordinates meet

Why are coordinates important in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 130
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Generating table of values for linear equations
Coordinates and Graphs - Determining appropriate scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Generate table of values for a linear equation
-Substitute values in equations
-Value the relationship between variables

-Given linear equations, select appropriate x-values
-Substitute each x-value into the equation to find corresponding y-value
-Record the ordered pairs in a table
-Verify that the pairs satisfy the original equation

Where do we use linear graphs in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 131
-Exercise books
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 133
-Graph paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (I)
Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a linear graph from table of values
-Plot points accurately
-Value the use of linear graphs

-Draw a Cartesian plane with an appropriate scale
-Plot the points from the table of values
-Join the points with a straight line using a ruler
-Verify that the line passes through all the plotted points

What information can we derive from linear graphs?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 135
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Pencil
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 136
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (I)
Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve simultaneous equations graphically
-Identify the point of intersection
-Value graphical solutions

-Generate tables of values for two linear equations
-Plot both equations on the same Cartesian plane
-Identify the point of intersection
-Verify that the coordinates satisfy both equations

How can we solve equations using graphs?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 137
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 138
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (I)
Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply simultaneous equations in real-life problems
-Form equations from word problems
-Value real-life applications

-Translate word problems into linear equations
-Generate tables of values for the equations
-Draw the graphs and find the point of intersection
-Interpret the solution in the context of the problem

Where do we use simultaneous equations in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 140
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 141

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving practical problems using graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve practical problems using graphs
-Make decisions based on graphical solutions
-Appreciate graphical problem-solving

-Study practical problems from different contexts
-Model the problems using simultaneous equations
-Solve graphically and analyze the solutions
-Compare graphical solutions with algebraic methods

Why are graphs useful in problem-solving?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 142
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests