Materials for Production

Wood - Classification of wood according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of wood available in the environment
- Classify wood according to physical characteristics
- Appreciate the variety of wood types in the local environment

- Use print or digital resources to search for information on types of wood available
- Observe and identify trees in the environment
- Sort wood as either softwood or hardwood using a checklist

Which kind of trees do you have in your community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
- Assorted pieces of wood
- Digital devices
- Charts showing wood types

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Wood - Classification of wood according to physical characteristics
Wood - Preparation of wood for use in the production of items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare the physical properties of hardwood and softwood
- Identify examples of hardwood and softwood
- Show interest in wood varieties and their properties

- Take a walk around the school compound or community to identify trees
- Observe the physical characteristics of each tree
- Group wood types based on their characteristics
- Create a comparison chart of hardwood and softwood properties

What are the physical differences between hardwood and softwood?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 70
- Assorted pieces of wood
- Sample trees in the environment
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Charts showing conversion methods

- Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation of wood for use in the production of items
Wood - Types of wood and their uses in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of wood seasoning
- Describe methods of wood seasoning
- Appreciate the importance of proper wood seasoning

- Identify different uses of wood in the community
- Match types of wood to their specific uses
- Show interest in wood applications

- Observe and discuss images showing different ways of preparing wood using the seasoning method
- Use print or digital resources to find information about natural and artificial seasoning
- Discuss how reducing moisture from wood helps improve it for use
- Study pictures of items made of wood
- Suggest the best type of wood for making various items
- Brainstorm on other uses of wood in the community
- Create a chart matching types of wood to their uses

How does seasoning improve wood quality?
What factors determine the choice of wood for specific items?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 74
- Pictures showing wood seasoning methods
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
- Pictures of wooden items
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral questions - Charts assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Types of wood and their uses in the community
Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe uses of wood in various trades
- Explain applications of different wood types in trades
- Value the versatility of wood in various trades

- Use available print reference materials and digital resources to find out how wood is used in different trades
- Visit various places in the community to observe how wood is used
- Create charts showing uses of wood in various trades

How is wood utilized in different trades?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 77
- Reference materials
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
- Charts
- Local wood products
- Digital resources

- Observation - Community visit reports - Charts assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss environmental aspects of wood use
- Solve a crossword puzzle on wood concepts
- Show responsibility towards sustainable wood use

- Discuss the importance of wood conservation
- Complete a crossword puzzle on wood concepts
- Reflect on learning about wood through self-assessment

How can we ensure sustainable use of wood resources?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
- Crossword puzzles
- Self-reflection forms
- Digital resources

- Crossword puzzle - Self-assessment - Written tests

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify waste materials in the environment
- Explain the sources of waste materials
- Show concern for waste management

- Categorize different types of waste materials
- Identify areas where specific waste materials are found
- Appreciate the need to understand waste materials

- Discuss what waste materials are
- Walk around the school compound to identify waste materials
- Write a list of waste materials seen in the environment
- Share findings in class
- Study pictures of waste materials in the environment
- Identify waste materials shown in each picture
- Mention areas where specific waste materials are likely to be found
- Discuss different types of waste materials

What types of waste materials are found in our environment?
How can we categorize waste materials found in our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 93
- School environment
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of waste materials
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Field notes - Oral presentation
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain safe ways of handling waste materials
- Describe different approaches to waste management
- Value safe waste handling practices

- Use print reference materials or digital devices to search for information on safe ways of handling and disposing waste materials
- Write short notes on findings
- Present findings in class

What are the safe ways of handling different types of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Note-taking - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain safe ways of handling waste materials
- Describe different approaches to waste management
- Value safe waste handling practices

- Use print reference materials or digital devices to search for information on safe ways of handling and disposing waste materials
- Write short notes on findings
- Present findings in class

What are the safe ways of handling different types of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Note-taking - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment
Waste Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways to safely handle waste materials
- Describe methods of waste handling shown in pictures
- Show responsibility towards safe waste handling

- Identify appropriate waste disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste disposal techniques
- Show responsibility in waste disposal

- Study pictures showing ways of handling waste materials
- Describe how different waste materials are handled in each picture
- Discuss other ways in which waste can be safely handled
- Collect waste materials around the school compound
- Sort waste materials by type
- Place waste in appropriate garbage containers
- Practice proper waste disposal as guided by the teacher

How can different types of waste materials be safely handled?
How should different types of waste be disposed of?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures of waste handling methods
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
- Personal protective equipment
- Garbage bags or containers
- Dustbins

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment
- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of proper waste handling
- Describe the impact of waste on the environment
- Value the importance of proper waste management

- Take a walk in the locality to observe how businesses handle waste
- Find out from local people why proper waste handling is important
- Write findings in exercise books
- Present findings in class

Why is proper waste handling important for our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Local community resources
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Field notes - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of proper waste handling
- Describe the impact of waste on the environment
- Value the importance of proper waste management

- Take a walk in the locality to observe how businesses handle waste
- Find out from local people why proper waste handling is important
- Write findings in exercise books
- Present findings in class

Why is proper waste handling important for our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Local community resources
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Field notes - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- List types of waste materials in the environment
- Suggest ways of handling different waste types
- Show responsibility towards waste management

- Discuss the importance of proper waste handling and disposal
- List types of waste materials found in the environment
- Suggest ways of safely handling each waste type
- Role play scenarios of waste management

How does proper waste management benefit the community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing proper waste handling

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Role play assessment

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection on waste management
- Show responsibility towards environmental conservation

- Work on problem-solving exercises related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection form on waste materials learning
- Discuss environmental conservation strategies

How can we apply what we've learned about waste management in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 100
- Self-reflection forms
- Problem-solving exercises
- Digital resources

- Problem-solving questions - Self-assessment - Written tests

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different holding tools used in a workplace
- Name holding tools found within the locality
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools in daily use

- Study holding tools shown in pictures
- Discuss why the tools are known as holding tools
- Mention where the tools can be found within the locality
- Draw and name the tools in exercise books

What are holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Visual aids
- Real holding tools
- Pictures of holding tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for performing given tasks
Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate holding tools for specific tasks
- Explain reasons for selecting specific holding tools
- Show interest in proper tool selection

- Describe tasks performed using holding tools
- Explain uses of different holding tools
- Appreciate the importance of holding tools in task performance

- Study tasks requiring holding tools
- Select the most appropriate holding tool for each task
- Give reasons for selecting specific tools
- Discuss factors to consider when selecting holding tools
- Study pictures of people using holding tools
- Describe tasks being carried out in each picture
- Name holding tools being used
- Create a table matching holding tools to their uses

How do you decide which holding tool to use for a specific task?
How are different holding tools used in the workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
- Task scenarios
- Holding tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures of holding tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 117
- Holding tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Tool selection assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Table assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to care for holding tools
- Describe maintenance practices for holding tools
- Show responsibility in tool care and maintenance

- Study pictures showing care for holding tools
- Discuss how tools in the pictures have been taken care of
- Explain the importance of proper tool care
- Demonstrate maintenance practices for holding tools

Why is it important to care for and maintain holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Holding tools
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Demonstration assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of holding tools
- Describe how holding tools help in task performance
- Value the role of holding tools in daily activities

- Study a picture of a worker using a holding tool
- Discuss how the holding tool helps the worker
- Explain how holding tools ensure safety
- Describe the importance of holding tools in the community

How do holding tools make work easier and safer?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Pictures of workers using holding tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Driving tools used in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for performing given tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems related to holding tools
- Complete a self-reflection on holding tools
- Show appreciation for the role of holding tools

- Select appropriate driving tools for specific tasks
- Explain reasons for selecting specific driving tools
- Appreciate the importance of proper tool selection

- Find words related to holding tools in a word search puzzle
- Solve problems related to selection and use of holding tools
- Complete a self-reflection form on holding tools learning
- Study tasks requiring driving tools
- Select the most appropriate driving tool for each task
- Give reasons for the choice of tool
- Discuss factors to consider when selecting driving tools

How can we apply what we've learned about holding tools in our daily lives?
How do you determine which driving tool is appropriate for a specific task?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Word search puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
- Pictures of driving tools
- Real driving tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
- Task scenarios
- Driving tools
- Digital resources

- Word search - Problem-solving assessment - Self-reflection
- Observation - Oral questions - Tool selection assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe tasks performed using driving tools
- Explain uses of different driving tools
- Value the importance of driving tools in task performance

- Study pictures of people using driving tools
- Describe what is happening in each picture
- Discuss the uses of different driving tools
- Mention tasks observed being performed using driving tools

How are different driving tools used in a workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Pictures of driving tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe tasks performed using driving tools
- Explain uses of different driving tools
- Value the importance of driving tools in task performance

- Study pictures of people using driving tools
- Describe what is happening in each picture
- Discuss the uses of different driving tools
- Mention tasks observed being performed using driving tools

How are different driving tools used in a workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Pictures of driving tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools
Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools
- Follow safety guidelines when using driving tools
- Show responsibility in using driving tools safely

- Explain how to care for driving tools
- Identify well-maintained vs. poorly maintained tools
- Value the importance of proper tool maintenance

- Search for information on safe use of driving tools
- Create a skit demonstrating safe use of driving tools
- Practice using driving tools while following safety guidelines
- Observe safety rules during demonstrations
- Study pictures showing care for driving tools
- Identify pictures showing tools that have been cared for
- Discuss how the driving tools have been cared for
- Explain the importance of tool care and maintenance

What safety measures should be observed when using driving tools?
Why is it important to care for and maintain driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Driving tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Driving tools
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Demonstration - Practical assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Picture analysis

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Identify tasks that require driving tools
- Appreciate the role of driving tools in daily life

- Mention tasks that can be performed using driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Explain how driving tools make work easier
- Describe safety benefits of proper tool use

How do driving tools improve productivity and safety?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pictures of tasks using driving tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Identify tasks that require driving tools
- Appreciate the role of driving tools in daily life

- Mention tasks that can be performed using driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Explain how driving tools make work easier
- Describe safety benefits of proper tool use

How do driving tools improve productivity and safety?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pictures of tasks using driving tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems related to driving tools
- Complete a self-reflection on driving tools
- Show appreciation for the role of driving tools

- Complete a crossword puzzle on driving tools
- Solve problems related to selection and use of driving tools
- Complete a self-reflection form on driving tools learning

How can we apply what we've learned about driving tools in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
- Crossword puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms

- Crossword puzzle - Problem-solving assessment - Self-reflection

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems related to driving tools
- Complete a self-reflection on driving tools
- Show appreciation for the role of driving tools

- Complete a crossword puzzle on driving tools
- Solve problems related to selection and use of driving tools
- Complete a self-reflection form on driving tools learning

How can we apply what we've learned about driving tools in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
- Crossword puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms

- Crossword puzzle - Problem-solving assessment - Self-reflection

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Role of intermediaries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of channels of distribution
- Describe the role of intermediaries
- Appreciate the importance of distribution channels

- Identify different types of intermediaries
- Explain functions of various intermediaries
- Value the contribution of intermediaries in distribution

- Discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution
- Explain the role of intermediaries in distribution
- Search for information on intermediaries in distribution
- Present findings to the class
- Discuss different types of intermediaries
- Explain the functions of each type of intermediary
- Create a chart showing intermediaries and their functions
- Present findings to the class

Why are intermediaries important in the distribution of goods and services?
How do different intermediaries serve in the distribution process?

- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Charts showing distribution channels
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Charts
- Pictures of intermediaries

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral presentation - Chart assessment

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify channels for distributing goods
- Illustrate distribution channels
- Show interest in distribution channels

- Search and watch video clips on distribution channels
- Discuss different distribution channels
- Prepare a chart showing channels for distribution
- Present findings to the class

What are the different channels used for distributing goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Charts
- Reference books

- Observation - Chart assessment - Oral presentation

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify channels for distributing goods
- Illustrate distribution channels
- Show interest in distribution channels

- Search and watch video clips on distribution channels
- Discuss different distribution channels
- Prepare a chart showing channels for distribution
- Present findings to the class

What are the different channels used for distributing goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Charts
- Reference books

- Observation - Chart assessment - Oral presentation

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare different distribution channels
- Analyze factors affecting channel choice
- Appreciate the importance of selecting appropriate channels

- Analyze case studies on different distribution channels
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of each channel
- Discuss factors affecting choice of distribution channel
- Present findings to the class

How do businesses decide which distribution channel to use?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Charts
- Reference books

- Case study analysis - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical practices in distribution
- Recognize unethical practices in distribution
- Value ethical conduct in business

- Discuss ethical practices in distribution of goods and services
- Identify unethical practices in distribution
- Debate on ethical issues in distribution
- Present findings to the class

What ethical issues arise in the distribution of goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference books
- Newspaper articles

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze the impact of unethical practices
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Show commitment to ethical business conduct

- Analyze case studies on unethical distribution practices
- Discuss the impact of unethical practices on consumers
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Role play ethical and unethical scenarios

How do unethical distribution practices affect consumers and businesses?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference books
- Role play scenarios

- Case study analysis - Role play assessment - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices
Distribution of Goods and Services - Participation in distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze the impact of unethical practices
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Show commitment to ethical business conduct

- Identify distribution activities in the community
- Explain ways to participate in distribution
- Show interest in distribution activities

- Analyze case studies on unethical distribution practices
- Discuss the impact of unethical practices on consumers
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Role play ethical and unethical scenarios
- Visit local businesses to observe distribution activities
- Interview business owners about distribution processes
- Document distribution activities observed
- Present findings to the class

How do unethical distribution practices affect consumers and businesses?
How can individuals participate in the distribution of goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference books
- Role play scenarios
- Local businesses
- Community resources
- Digital resources
- Interview guides

- Case study analysis - Role play assessment - Written assignments
- Field notes - Interview assessment - Oral presentation