CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkali metals. Atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Identify alkali metals.
State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals.

Q/A to reviews elements of group I and their electronic configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Discussion & making deductions from the table.

The periodic

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 28-29

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkali metals. Atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Identify alkali metals.
State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals.

Q/A to reviews elements of group I and their electronic configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Discussion & making deductions from the table.

The periodic

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 28-29

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Ionisation energy of alkali metals.
Physical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State changes in number of energy levels and ionisation energy of alkali metals.
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkali metals.

Examine a table of elements, number of energy levels and their ionization energy.
Discuss the trend deduced from the table.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Li, Na, and K.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion on physical properties of alkali metals.

text book
Chart ? comparative properties of Li, Na, K.

K.L.B. BOOK II
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 30-31

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkali metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Li, Na, and K.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion on physical properties of alkali metals.

Chart ? comparative properties of Li, Na, K.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 30-31

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkali metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 32

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 33

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.
Compounds of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkali metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.


Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkali metals with anions.

Sodium, chlorine.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 33
K.L.B. BOOK II pp 33

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Uses of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of alkali metals.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkali metals.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkaline Earth metals Atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify alkaline earth metals.

State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

Q/A: Elements of group I and their electron configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Make deductions from the table.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkaline Earth metals Atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify alkaline earth metals.

State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

Q/A: Elements of group I and their electron configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Make deductions from the table.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Be, Mg, Ca.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion of physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 35

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Teacher demonstration: -
To show alkaline metals are good conductors of electric charge.

Alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 37

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen

Q/A: Review reactions of Mg, Ca, with oxygen.
The corresponding word and then chemical equations are then written and their correctness verified by the teacher.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 38

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen

Q/A: Review reactions of Mg, Ca, with oxygen.
The corresponding word and then chemical equations are then written and their correctness verified by the teacher.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 38

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals. Reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkaline earth metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down word and balanced chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 39

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkaline earth metals with chlorine gas.

Teacher demonstration- Reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.
Supervised practice.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 41

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.

revision book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with dilute acids.

Changing word to chemical equations.
Supervised practice.

revision book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 43

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical formulae of alkaline earth metals.
Uses of some alkaline earth metals and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkaline earth metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
State uses of alkaline earth metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkaline earth metals with anions.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkaline earth metals.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 45-47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Halogens. Physical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify halogens in the periodic table.
Give examples of halogens.
Identify physical states of halogens.

Teacher demonstration: - To examine electrical properties of iodine, solubility in water of chlorine.

Iodine crystals, electrical wire, a bulb.

KLB BK II
P. 47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Comparative physical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain the trends in physical properties of halogens.

Examine a comparative table of physical properties of halogens.
Discuss the deductions made from the table.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe laboratory preparation of chlorine gas.

To describe reaction of halogens with metals.

Teacher demonstration: - preparation of chlorine gas.
Reaction of chlorine and iron wool.
Reaction of bromine and iron wool.
Reaction of iodine and iron wool.
Observe the rate of these reactions; hence deduce order of their reactivity of halogens.

Chlorine, iron wool, bromine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 48-50

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.
Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.
Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

text book
Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Some uses of halogens and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Noble Gases. Comparative physical properties of noble gases.
Uses of noble gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe physical properties of noble gases.
To explain physical properties of noble gases.

Make A comparative analysis of tabulated physical properties of noble gases.

text book

  K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 52-53

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.
Ionic bond representation.
Grant ionic structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe role of valence electrons in determining chemical bonding.


Explain formation of ionic bonding.
Describe the crystalline ionic compound.
Give examples of ionic substances.

Q/A: Review valence electrons of atoms of elements in groups I, II, III, VII and VIII.
Q/A: Review group I and group VII elements.
Discuss formation of ionic bond.

Discuss the group ionic structures of NaCl.
Teacher gives examples of other ionic substances: KNO3, potassium bromide, Ca (NO3)2, sodium iodide.

text book
Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.
Giant sodium chloride model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP54




PP 57-58
K.L.B. BOOK II PP 56-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Physical properties of ionic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical properties of ionic compounds.
Explain the differences in the physical properties of ionic compounds.

Analyse tabulated comparative physical properties of ionic compounds.

Teacher asks probing questions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 58-59

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Covalent bond.
Co-ordinate bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the formation of covalent bond
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent covalent bond.

Exposition: Shared pair of electrons in a hydrogen molecule, H2O, NH3, Cl2, and CO2.
Drawing of dot-and-cross diagrams of covalent bonds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP 60-63

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Molecular structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the molecular structure.
To give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure

Discussion ? To explain formation of the giant structure and give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.
Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe van- der -waals forces.
To explain the trend in physical properties of molecular structures.
To describe giant atomic structure in graphite.
To state uses of graphite.

Discuss comparative physical properties of substances. exhibiting molecular structure.
Explain variation in the physical properties.
Diagrammatic representation of graphite.

Discuss uses of graphite.

Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.
Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65
K.L.B. BOOK II pp 69

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe mutual electronic forces between electrons and nuclei.
To describe metallic bond.
To compare physical properties of metals.
To state uses of some metals.

Discussion:
Detailed analysis of comparative physical properties of metals and their uses.



Probing questions & brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 70

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in period 3.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare other physical properties of elements across period 3.

Analyse comparative physical properties presented in form of a table.
Explain the trend in the physical properties given.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 77

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Chemical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in the third period.
Oxides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with oxygen.
To identify bonds across elements in period 3.
To explain chemical behavior of their oxide.

Q/A: Products of reactions of Na, Mg, Al, P, & S with oxygen.
Discuss the trend in their reactivity; identify basic and acidic oxides.
Exercise ? balanced chemical equations for the above reactions.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 79-80
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 84

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE
SALTS

Chlorides of period 3 elements.
Types of salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain chemical behavior of their chlorides.
To describe hydrolysis reaction.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 77-78

SALTS

Solubility of salts in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various salts in cold water/warm water.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5 cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Analyse the results.

Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 92-93

SALTS

Solubility of bases in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various bases in water.
To carry out litmus test on the resulting solutions.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Carry out litmus tests.
Discuss the results.

Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 94-95

SALTS

Methods of preparing various salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.

Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.

CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp96

SALTS

Direct synthesis of a salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe direct synthesis of a salt.
To write balanced equations for the reactions.

Group experiments- preparation of iron (II) sulphide by direct synthesis.
Give other examples of salts prepared by direct synthesis.
Students write down corresponding balanced equations.

Iron,
Sulphur

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 104

SALTS

Ionic equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.

K.L.B. BOOK II

SALTS

Effects of heat on carbonates.
Effects of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on carbonates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal carbonates.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on Na2CO3, K2CO3, CaCO3, ZnCO3, PbCO3, e.t.c.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Various carbonates.
Common metal nitrates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 108-109

SALTS

Effects of heat on sulphates.
Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.
Uses of salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on sulphates.
To predict products results from heating metal sulphates.
To define hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.
To give examples of hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various sulphates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Prepare a sample of various salts.
Expose them to the atmosphere overnight.
Students classify the salts as hygroscopic, deliquescent and / or efflorescent.

Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 113
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Electrical conductivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for electrical conductivities of substances.

Group experiments- to identify conductors and non-conductors.
Explain the difference in (non) conductivities.

Various solids, bulb, battery, & wires.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 118-119