FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Fire and Data Safety

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explain the possible causes of fire in a work environment,
Observe pictures of the possible causes of fire in a work environment
acknowledge the need for fire and data safety in day-to-day life.

The learner is guided to:
brainstorm on the possible causes of fire in a work environment (flammable
substances, electrical faults, combustible materials),

Why is fire safety important? How is data secured in an electronic device?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplace, models
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 T.G pg. 9-17
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 P.B pg. 15-24

Written questions Oral questions, observation, portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

possible causes of fire in work environment
Ways of preventing fire

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explain the possible causes of fire in a work environment,
Observe pictures of the possible causes of fire in a work environment
acknowledge the need for fire and data safety in day-to-day life.

The learner is guided to:
brainstorm on the possible causes of fire in a work environment (flammable
substances, electrical faults, combustible materials),

Why is fire safety important? How is data secured in an electronic device?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplace, models
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 T.G pg. 9-17
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 P.B pg. 15-24

Written questions Oral questions, observation, portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Ways of preventing fire

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

describe ways of preventing fire in the environment,
use firefighting techniques to stop fire in an environment,
acknowledge the need for fire and data safety in day-to-day life.

The learner is guided to:
share experiences on ways of
preventing fire in the environment,
discuss firefighting techniques in the work environment, (cooling,
smothering, starving, interrupting)

Why is fire safety important? How is data secured in an electronic device?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplace, models
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 T.G pg. 9-17
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 P.B pg. 15-24

Written questions Oral questions, observation, portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Threats to data in an electronic device

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

analyze threats to data in an electronic device,
secure data in an electronic device,
acknowledge the need for fire and data safety in day-to-day life.

The learner is guided to:
search for information using available resources on the threats of data in an electronic device and share their findings,
discuss ways of securing data
stored in an electronic device
(Use of passwords, backup,
anti-viruses),

Why is fire safety important? How is data secured in an electronic device?

Digital devices, compute software, computer hardware, manila papers, Internet, video, audio clips
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 141-144
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 106

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Meaning of computer hardware
Classification of computer hardware
Classification of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explain the meaning of a computer hardware,
Draw various hardware parts of a computer,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to: Explain the meaning of computer hardware.    Draw various hardware parts of a computer.    State the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 67-70
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 51-52
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 73-78
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 56-59

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Classification of computer hardware- input devices
Classification of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

identify the categories of a computer hardware
classify computer hardware devices in a user environment,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to:
use available resources to search
for information on categories of
computer hardware: input devices
(keying devices, pointing devices,
scanning devices, voice input devices, touch screen, digitizer, digital cameras)
discuss the categories of computer hardware devices in a user environment,
match available devices to their
respective categories

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 73-78
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 56-59
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 89-92
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 69

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Classification of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

identify the categories of a computer hardware
classify computer hardware devices in a user environment as output devices,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to:
use available resources to search
for information on categories of
computer hardware: output devices
(hardcopy and softcopy
discuss the categories of
computer hardware devices in a
user environment,
match available devices to their
respective categories

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 89-92
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 69
Digital devices, removable storage devices, pictures, internet
Longhorn Comp. Scie. T.G pg. 89-95
Longhorn Comp. Scie. P.B pg.81-89

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Using computer hardware to perform a task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

list the classification of a computer hardware,
use computer hardware devices to carry out a given task,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to:
perform tasks using computer
input, output and storage devices.

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, removable storage devices, pictures, internet
Longhorn Comp. Scie. T.G pg. 89-95
Longhorn Comp. Scie. P.B pg.81-89
Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 71-72
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 55

Written questions, observation, rubrics, oral questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Using computer hardware to perform a task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

list the classification of a computer hardware,
use computer hardware devices to carry out a given task,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to:
perform tasks using computer
input, output and storage devices.

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 71-72
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 55

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Importance of consumer and investor protection in Kenya
Ways in which consumers and investors are protected in Kenya
Ways in which consumers and investors are protected in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explain the importance of consumer and investor protection in Kenya,
Watch a video clip on investor and consumer protection in Kenya,
protect oneself from exploitation.

The learner is guided to:
brainstorm and present on the
meaning and importance of
consumer and investor protection in
Kenya,
use available resources to search for
information on the importance of
consumer and investor protection in
Kenya,

Why does the Government protect consumers and investors?

-Business Studies handbook
-Photographs and pictures
-Charts
MTP BST Grd 7 T.G pg. 113-115
MTP BST Grd 7 P.b pg. 99-101

#NAME?

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES
COMMUNICATION

Government financial regulation in Kenya
Forms of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explore the Government financial regulators in Kenya,
Analyze a case study of Government financial regulators in Kenya
protect oneself from exploitation.

The learner is guided to:
engage a resource person to discuss
ways in which non-Governmental
organizations protect consumers' and investors' concerns in Kenya,
read and analyze a case study on Government financial regulators in Kenya.

How do consumers protect themselves from exploitation by traders?

-Business Studies handbook
-Photographs and pictures
-Charts
MTP BST Grd 7 T.G pg. 113-115
MTP BST Grd 7 P.b pg. 99-101
MTP BST T.G Grd 8 pg. 75-84
MTP BST Grd 8 P.b pg. 63-75

#NAME?

COMMUNICATION

Forms of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

identify forms of communication in a work environment,
Draw various communication channels.
recognize suitable channels of communication in a work environment

The learner is guided to:
brainstorm on forms and channels of
communication in the work environment,
use available resources to explore the channels of communication under
each form,

1. Why is business communication important?2. How do people communicate in a business environment?

-Photographs and pictures
-Charts
MTP BST T.G Grd 8 pg. 75-84
MTP BST Grd 8 P.b pg. 63-75
-Business Studies handbook

#NAME?

COMMUNICATION

Factors considered when selecting communication channels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explore the factors considered when selecting channels of communication,
make a chart on factors to consider when selecting a communication channel,
recognize suitable channels of communication in a work environment

The learner is guided to:
discuss and present the factors considered when selecting channels of
communication

Why is business communication important?2. How do people communicate in a business environment?

-Business Studies handbook
-Photographs and pictures
-Charts
MTP BST T.G Grd 8 pg. 75-84
MTP BST Grd 8 P.b pg. 63-75

#NAME?

COMMUNICATION

Factors considered when selecting communication channels
Ethical practices in communication
Features of a plain scale used in drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explore the factors considered when selecting channels of communication,
make a chart on factors to consider when selecting a communication channel,
recognize suitable channels of communication in a work environment

The learner is guided to:
discuss and present the factors considered when selecting channels of
communication

Why is business communication important? How do people communicate in a business environment?

-Business Studies handbook
-Photographs and pictures
-Charts
MTP BST T.G Grd 8 pg. 75-84
MTP BST Grd 8 P.b pg. 63-75
-Drawing tables
-Drawing papers/books
-Pencils -T-squares
-Drawing instruments
-Ruler/Straight edge
-Set squares
KLB Top Scholar Grd 7 T.G Pg. 104-111
KLB Top Scholar Grd 7 P.B Pg. 112-154

#NAME?

COMMUNICATION

Features of a plain scale used in drawing
Interpreting scale used in drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

describe the features of a plain scale used in drawing,
use drawing instruments to construct a plain scale,
appreciate the use of plain scale drawing in the work environment.

The learner is guided to:
use print or digital media to search for information on plain scale
discuss the features of a plain scale
use drawing instruments to construct a plain scale

What is the importance of drawing figures to scale? 2. Why are plane figures drawn to scale?

-Drawing tables
-Drawing papers/books
-Pencils -T-squares
-Drawing instruments
-Ruler/Straight edge
-Set squares
KLB Top Scholar Grd 7 T.G Pg. 104-111
KLB Top Scholar Grd 7 P.B Pg. 112-154

#NAME?

COMMUNICATION

Interpreting scale used in drawing
Drawing plain figures to given scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

identify the features of a plain scale used in drawing,
interpret a plain scale used in drawing,
appreciate the use of plain scale drawing in the work environment.

The learner is guided to:
discuss features of plain scales used in drawing.  Interpret a  plain scale used in drawing.

What is the importance of drawing figures to scale? 2. Why are plane figures drawn to scale?

-Drawing tables
-Drawing papers/books
-Pencils -T-squares
-Drawing instruments
-Ruler/Straight edge
-Set squares
KLB Top Scholar Grd 7 T.G Pg. 104-111
KLB Top Scholar Grd 7 P.B Pg. 112-154

#NAME?

COMMUNICATION

Drawing plain figures to given scale
Types of Visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify ways of drawing plane figures.
draw plane figures to a given scale,
appreciate the use of plain scale drawing in the work environment.

The learner is guided to:
use visual aids to identify drawings drawn to different scales
practice drawing plane figures to a given plain scale

What is the importance of drawing figures to scale? 2. Why are plane figures drawn to scale?

-Drawing tables
-Drawing papers/books
-Pencils -T-squares
-Drawing instruments
-Ruler/Straight edge
-Set squares
KLB Top Scholar Grd 7 T.G Pg. 104-111
KLB Top Scholar Grd 7 P.B Pg. 112-154
Digital devices, reference materials, , compute software computer hardware, manila papers, Internet, video, audio clips
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 207-210
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 165

#NAME?

COMMUNICATION

Types of Visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

identify types of visual programming applications used to solve problems in day-to-day life,
watch a video clip on the types of visual programming applications
value the importance of visual programming to solve problems in day-today life.

The learner is guided to:
use available resources to search
for information on types of visual
programming applications (Educational, Multimedia, Video
games),

How are computer programs used in daily life?

Digital devices, reference materials, , compute software computer hardware, manila papers, Internet, video, audio clips
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 207-210
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 165

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

COMMUNICATION

Features of Visual Programming application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explore the features of visual programming applications used in the work environment,
launch a visual programming tool and discuss its features
value the importance of visual programming to solve problems in day-today life.

The learner is guided to:
launch and discuss the different
features of visual programming
applications (input, processing, output, effects such as sound, animations and background),

How are computer programs used in daily life?

Digital devices, reference materials, , compute software computer hardware, manila papers, Internet, video, audio clips
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 212-215
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 168

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

COMMUNICATION

Features of Visual Programming application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explore the features of visual programming applications used in the work environment,
launch a visual programming tool and discuss its features
value the importance of visual programming to solve problems in day-today life.

The learner is guided to:
launch and discuss the different
features of visual programming
applications (input, processing, output, effects such as sound, animations and background),

How are computer programs used in daily life?

Digital devices, reference materials, compute software computer hardware, manila papers, Internet, video, audio clips
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 212-215
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 168

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

COMMUNICATION
Materials for Production.

Terminologies used in Visual programming
Composite Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explore the terminologies used in Visual programming,
launch a visual programming tool and discuss its features
value the importance of visual programming to solve problems in day-today life.

The learner is guided to:
Search for information on terminologies used in visual programming (syntax, variables,
input output statements, coding,
coding blocks, sequence statement repeating statement, selection
statement, variable declarations)
and discuss with peers

How are computer programs used in daily life?

Digital devices, reference materials, , compute software computer hardware, manila papers, Internet, video, audio clips
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 216
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 172-175
Realia.
Pictures.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 38-39.
Digital devices.

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

Materials for Production.

Composite Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
lesson, be able to;
List the common composite materials in the locality.
Describe the composition of composite materials in the locality.
Prepare charts showing the composition of the different composite materials.
Acknowledge the constituent substances in composite materials.

In groups,pairs,learners are guided to;
distinguish between matrix and reinforcement in composite materials.
list the common composite materials and identify their constituent substances.
discuss the common composite materials and their constituents.
prepare charts to show the common composite materials and their composition.

How can composite materials be identified?

Composite materials.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 40-41.
Charts.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 41-44
Teacher's Notes
Digital devices.

Peer assessment. observation. checklists oral questions oral discussions.

Materials for Production.

Composite Materials.
Ceramic Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
lesson, be able to;
Identify the careers associated with composite materials in the locality.
Describe the careers associated with composite materials in the locality.
Prepare posters/flashcards showing the careers related to use of composite materials.
Appreciate the different careers related to use of composite materials in the locality.

In groups,pairs,learners are guided to:
study pictures and identify the careers related to use of composite materials.
describe the different careers related to use of composite materials.
search the internet for careers related to use of composite materials.
prepare posters and flashcards showing the careers related to composite materials.

Which careers are related to the use of composite materials?

Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 45-47.
Digital devices.
Posters.
Flashcards.
Pictures.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 47-48
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 49-51.
Ceramic items.

Assessment rubric. Checklists. Written tests. oral questions Oral discussion.

Materials for Production.

Ceramic Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
lesson, be able to;
Identify the physical properties of ceramic materials in the locality.
Discuss the physical properties of ceramic materials in the locality.
Conduct simple experiments to investigate the physical properties of ceramic materials.
Acknowledge the properties of ceramic materials.

In groups, pairs,learners are guided to;
Carry out simple activities to determine the physical properties of ceramic materials and record their observation.
identify the physical properties of ceramic materials from the activities.
discuss the physical properties of ceramic materials.
search internet for video clips on physical properties of ceramic materials.

What are the physical properties of ceramic materials?

Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 51-54.
Ceramic materials.
Video clips.
Digital devices.
Pictures.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 54-56.
Internet.

Practical Activities. Observation. Checklists. Oral questions. Written tests.

Materials for Production.

Ceramic Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
lesson, be able to;
Identify the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
Discuss the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
Prepare posters showing the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
Appreciate the careers related to ceramic materials.

In groups,pairs,learners are guided to;
brainstorm on the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
discuss the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
search the internet for more information on the careers related to use of ceramic materials.

What careers are related to use ceramic materials in the locality?

Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 57-58.
Digital devices.
Posters.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 59-60.
Internet.

Oral questions Oral discussion. Written tests.

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Measuring and marking tools
Measuring tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of measuring and marking tool.
Name any measuring and marking tools used in the work environment.
Categorise hand tools into: measuring tools, marking tools, cutting tools, driving tools, holding tools, cleaning tools and scooping tools.
Advocate the use of measuring tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to explain the meaning of measuring and marking tool.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to name any measuring and marking tools used in the work environment.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to categorise hand tools into: measuring tools, marking tools, cutting tools, driving tools, holding tools, cleaning tools and scooping tools.

What are measuring tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 66-69
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 69-71

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Marking tools
Cutting tools; Identification of cutting tools
Uses of cutting tools.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify common marking tools.
State the functions of common marking tools.
Draw some of the marking tools, for example, scriber, dividers, trammel.
Appreciate the use of marking tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to identify common marking tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to state the functions of common marking tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to draw some of the marking tools, for example, scriber, dividers, trammel.

What are the functions of common marking tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 71-74
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 101-105
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 105-107

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Carrying out tasks using cutting tools
Cutting a piece of metallic or plastic material using a hacksaw

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the instructions on how to use the cutting tool safely.
Demonstrate how to use the cutting tool.
Cut a piece of wood using a hand saw.
Appreciate the use of a hand saw.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to discuss the instructions on how to use the cutting tool safely.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to demonstrate how to use the cutting tool.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a piece of wood using a hand saw.

How do you use a hand saw?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 107-109
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 110-111

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a sheet metal using snips
Cutting a piece of timber using chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements needed to cut a sheet metal using snips.
Outline the procedure of cutting a sheet metal using snips.
Cut a sheet metal using snips.
Appreciate the use of snips.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a sheet metal using snips.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a sheet metal using snips.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a sheet metal using snips.

How do you use snips?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 111-112
Pictures
Charts
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 112-114
Realia

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a brick using a chisel
Cutting a stone using a chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements needed to cut a brick using a chisel.
Outline the procedure of cutting a brick using a chisel.
Cut a brick using a chisel.
Advocate the use of a chisel.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a brick using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a brick using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a brick using a chisel.

How do you use a chisel?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 114-115
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 115-116

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Planning a piece of timber using a jack plane
Care for cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements needed to plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.
Outline the procedure of planning a piece of timber using a jack plane.
Plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.
Appreciate the use of a jack plane.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of planning a piece of timber using a jack plane.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.

How do you use a jack plane?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 117-118
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 119-121

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Importance of cutting tools
Project: Making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools
To make the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explore the importance of cutting hand tools in the workplace.
Discuss the importance of cutting tools in their locality.
Appreciate the importance of cutting tools in the workplace.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to explore the importance of cutting hand tools in the workplace.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to discuss the importance of cutting tools in their locality.

What are the importance's of cutting tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 121-122
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 122-123
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 124-126

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Bookkeeping
Importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Brainstorm the meaning of bookkeeping.
Recognise and present the meaning of basic terms used in bookkeeping.
Have a desire to learn more about bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to brainstorm the meaning of bookkeeping
In groups, learners are guided to recognise and present the meaning of basic terms used in bookkeeping.

What is bookkeeping?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Classifying business transactions in bookkeeping
Cash and credit transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State the types of business transactions in bookkeeping.
Classify business transactions in bookkeeping.
Appreciate different types of business transactions in bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to state the types of business transactions in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to classify business transactions in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to prepare a business transaction in bookkeeping.

What is a transaction?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Cash and credit transactions
Calculating assets in bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Role-play scenarios of various business transactions (people buying and selling)
Identify whether they are cash transactions or credit transactions.
Appreciate the importance's of business transaction.

In groups, learners are guided to role-play scenarios of various business transactions (people buying and selling)
In groups, learners are guided to identify whether they are cash transactions or credit transactions.

What are the importance's of business transaction?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating liabilities in bookkeeping
Calculating capital in bookkeeping
Calculating profit of a given product.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of liabilities.
Calculate liabilities using the bookkeeping equation.
Appreciate the importance of liabilities in bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of liabilities.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating liabilities using the bookkeeping equation.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate liabilities using the bookkeeping equation.

What is are liabilities? How do we calculate liabilities in bookkeeping?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating loss of a given product
Financial position for a business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine the cost and price of a given product.
Calculate the loss of a given product.
Appreciate the importance of calculating loss of a given profit.

In groups, learners are guided to determine the cost and price of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating loss of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate the loss of a given product.

What is loss in business?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Cash flow for a business.
Income statement for a business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the components of a cash flow statement of a business.
Draw and present simple cash flow statement of a business.
Appreciate the importance of cash flow in business.

In groups, learners are guided to discuss the components of a cash flow statement of a business.
In groups, learners are guided to draw and present simple cash flow statement of a business.

How is the cash flow statement of a business prepared?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Income and Budgeting
Ethical and legal issues in generating income

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Brainstorm the meaning of the term income.
Analyse the sources of income to an individual.
Appreciate the sources of income to an individual.

In groups, learners are guided to Brainstorm the meaning of the term income.
In groups, learners are guided to analyse the sources of income to an individual.

How do your parents or guardians make money? What are some of the sources of income?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 13-15
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Realia
Computing devices
Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 21-26

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Budgeting and spending
Ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of budget and budgeting.
Recognise the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life.
Appreciate the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of budget and budgeting.
In groups, learners are guided to recognise the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life.

What is budgeting?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 27-29
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Realia
Computing devices
Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 29-31

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.
Ethical issues in budgeting and spending money in the community
Market, marketing and consumer

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Give reason for preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.
Prepare a simple budget for personal finance management.
Appreciate the importance of preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.

In groups, learners are guided to give reason for preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.
In groups, learners are guided to prepare a simple budget for personal finance management.

How do you prepare a simple budget for personal finance management?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 32-33
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 34-36
Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Digital devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services
Role of marketing in the satisfaction of human needs and wants in the society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services.
Research on the ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services.
Appreciate the ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services.

Learners to identify ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services
Learners to research on the ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services

Which ICT platform do you use to look for goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of distribution of goods and services.
Discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution.
Have a desire to learn more about distribution of goods and services.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of distribution of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution.

What is distribution of goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Search and watch video clips on channels for distributing goods and services.
Illustrate the channels for distributing goods and services in business.
Have a desire to learn more about channels for distributing goods and services in business.

In groups, learners are guided to search and watch video clips on channels for distributing goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to illustrate the channels for distributing goods and services in business.

How is the distribution of goods and services carried out in day-to-day life?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation