CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Halogens. Physical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify halogens in the periodic table.
Give examples of halogens.
Identify physical states of halogens.

Teacher demonstration: - To examine electrical properties of iodine, solubility in water of chlorine.

Iodine crystals, electrical wire, a bulb.

KLB BK II
P. 47

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Comparative physical properties of halogens.
Chemical properties of halogens.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain the trends in physical properties of halogens.
To describe laboratory preparation of chlorine gas.

To describe reaction of halogens with metals.

Examine a comparative table of physical properties of halogens.
Discuss the deductions made from the table.

Teacher demonstration: - preparation of chlorine gas.
Reaction of chlorine and iron wool.
Reaction of bromine and iron wool.
Reaction of iodine and iron wool.
Observe the rate of these reactions; hence deduce order of their reactivity of halogens.

text book
Chlorine, iron wool, bromine.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 47
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 48-50

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Equations of reaction of halogens with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced chemical equations of reactions involving halogens.

Re-write word equations as chemical equations then balance them.
Supervised practice.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 50

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of halogens with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.

Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

Chlorine gas, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of halogens with water.
Some uses of halogens and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of halogens with water and the results obtained.
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Bubbling chlorine gas through water.
Carry out litmus test for the water.
Explain the observations.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

Chlorine gas, litmus papers.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 51
K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Some uses of halogens and their compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of halogens and their compounds.

Teacher elucidates uses of halogens and their compounds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 52

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Noble Gases. Comparative physical properties of noble gases.
Uses of noble gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe physical properties of noble gases.
To explain physical properties of noble gases.

Make A comparative analysis of tabulated physical properties of noble gases.

text book

  K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 52-53

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe role of valence electrons in determining chemical bonding.


Explain formation of ionic bonding.

Q/A: Review valence electrons of atoms of elements in groups I, II, III, VII and VIII.
Q/A: Review group I and group VII elements.
Discuss formation of ionic bond.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP54




PP 57-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Ionic bond representation.
Grant ionic structures.
Physical properties of ionic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent ionic bonding.
Describe physical properties of ionic compounds.
Explain the differences in the physical properties of ionic compounds.

Drawing diagrams of ionic bonds.
Analyse tabulated comparative physical properties of ionic compounds.

Teacher asks probing questions.

Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.
Giant sodium chloride model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 58
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 58-59

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Covalent bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the formation of covalent bond
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent covalent bond.

Exposition: Shared pair of electrons in a hydrogen molecule, H2O, NH3, Cl2, and CO2.
Drawing of dot-and-cross diagrams of covalent bonds.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP 60-63

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Co-ordinate bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the co-ordinate bond
To represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

Exposition- teacher explains the nature of co-ordinate bond.
Students represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Molecular structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the molecular structure.
To give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure

Discussion ? To explain formation of the giant structure and give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.
Giant atomic structure in diamond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe van- der -waals forces.
To explain the trend in physical properties of molecular structures.
To describe giant atomic structure in diamond.
To state uses of diamond.

Discuss comparative physical properties of substances. exhibiting molecular structure.
Explain variation in the physical properties.
Diagrammatic representation of diamond.
Discuss uses of diamond.

Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.
Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65
K.L.B. BOOK II P 69

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Giant atomic structure in graphite.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe giant atomic structure in graphite.
To state uses of graphite.

Diagrammatic representation of graphite.

Discuss uses of graphite.

Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 69

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe mutual electronic forces between electrons and nuclei.
To describe metallic bond.
To compare physical properties of metals.
To state uses of some metals.

Discussion:
Detailed analysis of comparative physical properties of metals and their uses.



Probing questions & brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 70

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.
Physical properties of elements in period 3.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3
To compare other physical properties of elements across period 3.

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

Analyse comparative physical properties presented in form of a table.
Explain the trend in the physical properties given.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 77

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Chemical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in the third period.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with oxygen.

Q/A: Products of reactions of Na, Mg, Al, P, & S with oxygen.
Discuss the trend in their reactivity; identify basic and acidic oxides.
Exercise ? balanced chemical equations for the above reactions.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 79-80

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Oxides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify bonds across elements in period 3.
To explain chemical behavior of their oxide.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 84

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Chlorides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain chemical behavior of their chlorides.
To describe hydrolysis reaction.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 77-78

SALTS

Types of salts.
Solubility of salts in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a salt.
Describe various types of salts and give several examples in each case.
To test solubility of various salts in cold water/warm water.

Descriptive approach. Teacher exposes new concepts.
Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5 cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Analyse the results.

text book
Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 91
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 92-93

SALTS

Solubility of bases in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various bases in water.
To carry out litmus test on the resulting solutions.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Carry out litmus tests.
Discuss the results.

Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 94-95

SALTS

Solubility of bases in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various bases in water.
To carry out litmus test on the resulting solutions.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Carry out litmus tests.
Discuss the results.

Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 94-95

SALTS

Methods of preparing various salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.

Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.

CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp96

SALTS

Methods of preparing various salts.
Direct synthesis of a salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.
To describe direct synthesis of a salt.
To write balanced equations for the reactions.

Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.


Group experiments- preparation of iron (II) sulphide by direct synthesis.
Give other examples of salts prepared by direct synthesis.
Students write down corresponding balanced equations.

CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.
Iron,
Sulphur

K.L.B. BOOK II pp96
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 104

SALTS

Ionic equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.

K.L.B. BOOK II

SALTS

Ionic equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.

K.L.B. BOOK II

SALTS

Effects of heat on carbonates.
Effects of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on carbonates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal carbonates.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on Na2CO3, K2CO3, CaCO3, ZnCO3, PbCO3, e.t.c.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Various carbonates.
Common metal nitrates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 108-109

SALTS

Effects of heat on sulphates.
Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on sulphates.
To predict products results from heating metal sulphates.
To define hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.
To give examples of hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various sulphates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Prepare a sample of various salts.
Expose them to the atmosphere overnight.
Students classify the salts as hygroscopic, deliquescent and / or efflorescent.

Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 113
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114

SALTS

Uses of salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of salts

Teacher elucidates uses of salts.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Electrical conductivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for electrical conductivities of substances.

Group experiments- to identify conductors and non-conductors.
Explain the difference in (non) conductivities.

Various solids, bulb, battery, & wires.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 118-119