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SCHEME OF WORK
Business Studies
Form 4 2025
TERM I
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.
Basic terms used in business.
Book-keeping Equation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Define basic terms used in business.
State characteristics of assets / liabilities.



Brief discussion on the terms debtor, creditor, asset, liability and capital.
text book
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 92-95
2 2
NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.
Balance sheet.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Guided preparation of a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
text book
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 97-98
2 3
NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.
Importance of a balance sheet.
Book-keeping equation and balance sheet.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance of a balance sheet.
Probing questions;
Discussion.
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 99
2 4
NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.
Net worth of a business.
Topic review.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine a business net worth using book-keeping equation and a balance sheet.
Discussion.
chart
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 99-100
3 1
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
Types of business transactions.
Effects of transactions on the balance sheet.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Give examples of business transactions.
Define the term deferred payment.
Give examples of credit transactions.



Probing questions;
Oral questions;
Brief guided discussion.
chart
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 103
3 2
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
Changes in capital: Drawing.
Additional investments.
Profit & losses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Explain how drawings affect capital.


Worked examples
Supervised practice.
Exercise.
text book
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 108-9
3 3
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
Initial and final capital of a business.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the capital at the end of a given period.
Work through examples;
Group activities;
Guided discussion.
text book
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 111
3 4
THE LEDGER.
Meaning and purpose of a ledger.
Rules of recording transactions in ledger accounts.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Identify features of a ledger.
Explain the purpose of a ledger.


Exposition of new concepts and detailed discussion.
A ledger book.
A ledger.
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 117
4 1
THE LEDGER.
The concept of double entry.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Apply the rule of double entry.
Further worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
text book
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 120
4 2
THE LEDGER.
Recording business transactions in ledger accounts.
Purchase of goods and purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record accounting transactions in ledger A/Cs.
Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.
Ledger.
The Ledger.
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 120-5
4 3
THE LEDGER.
Purchase returns.
Sale returns.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post entries of purchase returns to ledger account.
Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.
The Ledger.
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 129-130
4 4
THE LEDGER.
Expenses in ledger account.
Revenues in ledger accounts.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record expenses in ledger account.
Practical activity;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
The Ledger.
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 130-1
5 1
THE LEDGER.
Drawings in ledger accounts.
Balancing ledger accounts.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record drawings in a ledger account.
Practical activity;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
The Ledger.
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 132
5 2
THE LEDGER.
Balancing an account with only one entry.
Uses of ledger accounts.
Trial balance. Purpose of a trial balance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Balance an account with only one entry.
Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Worked examples.
The Ledger.
chart
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 134-6
5 3
THE LEDGER.
Limitations of a trial balance.
Classification of ledger accounts.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline limitations of a trial balance with reference to ?hidden? errors.
Outline errors that may cause a trial balance not to balance.
Exposition of new concepts;
Guided discussion.
chart
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 138-9
5 4
THE LEDGER.
The general ledger.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline features of the general ledger.
Oral questions;
Guided discussion.
Chart ?classes of accounts and appropriate ledgers.
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 141
6 1
THE LEDGER.
THE CASH BOOK
Topic review.
Types of cash books. Single- column cash book.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Answer review questions correctly.
Answer questions from revision exercise.
Single-column cash book.
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 142-9
6 2
THE CASH BOOK
The two- column cash book.
Ledger accounts from three-column cash book.
The three-column cash book.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Balance off the two- column cash book.
Worked examples.
Written assignment.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.
Two-column cash book.
3-column cash book, the ledger.
3-column cash book.
New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 155-6
6 3
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Source documents Introduction. Cash receipt.
Invoice.
Debit note and credit note.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define a source document.
Give examples of source documents.

Describe features of a cash / cheque receipt.





Exposition of new terms;

Brain storming;

Brief discussion.
Cash receipts
Invoices.
Debit note and credit note.




New
Inventor
K.L.B.
BK IV.
Pg 1-2

6 4
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Books of original entry. Sales journal.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify entry features of a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Examine a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Discussion.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Sales journal.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 6-7
7 1
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Posting from sales journal to sales ledger and general ledger.
Sales returns journal.
Posting entries to the general ledger and sales ledger.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Transfer entries from a sales journal to a sales ledger and general ledger.
Discussion on illustrated examples.
Sales ledger.
Sales returns journal sample page.
Sales return journal sample page.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 10-12
7 2
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Purchases journal.
Purchases return journal.
Cash receipt journal.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a purchases journal given some transactions.
Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.
Supervised practice.
Purchases journal sample page.
Purchases return journal sample page.
Cash receipt journal.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 15-17
7 3
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Cash payment journal.
The petty cash book with imprest system.
Analysis cash book.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a cash payment journal.
Post cash payment journal entries to ledger accounts correctly.
Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example;
Written exercise.
Illustrated cash payment ledger.
Illustrated petty cash book.
Cash analysis sample page.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 22-23
7 4
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
General journal.
Transactions passed through the general journal.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a general journal.
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
General journal sample page.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. 36-37
8

MID TERM BREAK

9 1
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Importance of journals.
Introduction. Trading Period.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State reasons for maintaining journals.
Probing questions;
Brief discussion;
Topic review & summary;
Review of written exercises.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 41-53
9 2
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Gross Profit or Loss.
The Trading Account.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the gross profit or loss of a business.
Go through worked examples using various approaches.
Supervised practice;
Group assignments.
charts
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 55-57
9 3
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Net Profit or Loss.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms net profit net loss.
Determine net profit or loss.
Brief discussion on distinction between gross and net profit / loss;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
chart
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 60-62
9 4
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Profit or loss account.
Profit and loss account from a trial balance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts.
Detailed discussion;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
text book
magazines,charts
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 62-67
10 1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Balance Sheet.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet after making adjustments on capital for specific items.
Exposition of adjustments made on capital for net profit, drawings and additional capital.
Worked examples and Exercises.
charts
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68
10 2
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Balance Sheet from a trial balance.
Types of Capital.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet from a trial balance.
Q/A to review a trial balance;
Worked examples.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68
10 3
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MONEY & BANKING
Types of capital in a balance sheet.
Introduction. Barter trade.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate types of capital with balance sheet.
Illustrative examples.

Written exercise.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 69-70
10 4
MONEY & BANKING
Money system Characteristics of money.
Functions of money.
Demand for money (liquidity preference)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of money.
Brainstorming and superficial discussion.
text book
chart
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 95-96
11 1
MONEY & BANKING
Supply of money. Banking System.
Development of Banking. Commercial Banks.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term supply of money.
Identify various monetary items that are in circulation in an economy.
Identify elements of banking system in Kenya.
Q/A: review the term supply.
Expository approach
Analyse the hierarchy of banks in Kenya.
Give examples of banks in each category.
chart,text book
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 99-100
11 2
MONEY & BANKING
Services offered by commercial banks.
Non-banking financial institutions.
Functions of the Central bank.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe other services offered by commercial banks.
Discussion on lending money, safekeeping of valuable items, money transfer facilities, e.g. standing order, cheques, savings and current accounts, time deposits.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 103-9
11 3
MONEY & BANKING
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FINANCE
Trends in banking.
Purpose of public finance. Sources of public finance.
External borrowing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe banking policies on types of account, use of computers, ,ATMs, m-banking, Mpesa,
e-banking.
Brain storming;
Discussion.
chart,text book
Business Magazines.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 118-121
11 4
PUBLIC FINANCE
Government expenditure. Principles of public expenditure.
Taxation.
Principles of taxation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between recurrent and development expenditure.
Outline principles of public expenditure.
Exposition & discussion.
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 129-130
12 1
PUBLIC FINANCE
Impact and incidence of tax. Classification of taxes on basis of structure.
Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Direct tax.
Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Indirect tax.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between impact and incidence of tax.

Classify taxes according to structure.
State merits and demerits of taxing people according to structure.


Exposition of new ideas;
Give examples and explanations.
text book
Pg. 133-4
12 2
PUBLIC FINANCE
INFLATION
Topic summary / review
Introduction Consumer Price index
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Tackle review question,
Problem solving.Revision;
text book
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
Pg. 142-144
12 3
INFLATION
Simple and weighted price relatives.
Types of inflation. Causes of demand- pull inflation.
Causes of cost- pull inflation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the price index using simple average of price relatives.
Compute the price index using the weighted average method.
Guided computations.

Supervised practice.
Price relative tables.
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
Pg. 147
12 4
INFLATION
Levels of inflation & Effects of inflation on the economy of a country.
Controlling inflation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight various levels of inflation.
Outline positive and negative effects of inflation.
Probing questions;
Discussion..
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
Pg. 152-3,

154-6

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